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=Purposes=
* Save time: Chess programs could use [[Search|search]] from the beginning and look through all possible continuations in detail to find the best next move, but as this is quite time-consuming and there already exists a lot of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_opening_book_%28literature%29 literature] about different opening lines, opening books save time.
* Provide a higher quality of play. : Searching only even with large depths can't see deep tactics and , strategy, compensation, lose temporarily material for long term advantage.* Provide variety, : as book moves are usually chosen [[Pseudorandom Number Generator|randomly]], whereas searches are more or less deterministic.
=Types=
* [[EPD]]: They are the last positions of opening lines
* [[PGN]]: Opening lines are stored as individual games
<span id="BookBuilder"></span>* Special formats such as : In 1999, [[Marc-Philippe Huget]] published a '''Book Builder''' <ref>[https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=44407 Web site updated and new program Book Builder] by [[Marc-Philippe Huget]], [[CCC]], February 24, 1999</ref> in conjunction with his engine [[La Dame Blanche]], a standalone open source program <ref>[http://www.quarkchess.de/ladameblanche/ Book Bilder of La Dame Blanche] by [[Marc-Philippe Huget]], hosted by [[Thomas Mayer]]</ref> to convert a [[Portable Game Notation|PGN file]] into an opening book of the format proposed by [[Kathe Spracklen]] <ref>[[Kathe Spracklen]] ('''1983'''). ''Tutorial: Representation of an Opening Tree''. [[ICGA Journal#6_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 6, No. 1]]</ref>:<pre>(e4(e5)(c5))(d4d5))etc.</pre>
==Binary==
* [[Bookup]]
* [[Chess Opening Wizard]] (COW)
* [[BanksiaGUIBanksia GUI]] <span id="BookBuilder"></span>==Book Builder==In 1999, [[Marc-Philippe Huget]] published a '''Book Builder''' <ref>[https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=44407 Web site updated and new program Book Builder] by [[Marc-Philippe Huget]], [[CCC]], February 24, 1999</ref> in conjunction with his engine [[La Dame Blanche]], a standalone open source program <ref>[http://www.quarkchess.de/ladameblanche/ Book Bilder of La Dame Blanche] by [[Marc-Philippe Huget]], hosted by [[Thomas Mayer]]</ref> to convert a [[Portable Game Notation|PGN file]] into an opening book of the format proposed by [[Kathe Spracklen]] <ref>[[Kathe Spracklen]] ('''1983'''). ''Tutorial: Representation of an Opening Tree''. [[ICGA Journal#6_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 6, No. 1]]</ref>:<pre>(e4(e5)(c5))(d4d5)) etc.</pre>
=Quotes=
To solve the opening problems of his chess machine, [[Belle]], [[Ken Thompson]] typed in opening lines from the ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Chess_Openings Encyclopedia of Chess Openings]'' (in five thick volumes). Religiously, he dedicated one hour a day for almost three years (!) to the tedious pursuit of entering lines of play from the books and having his Belle computer verify them. The result was an opening library of roughly three-hundred thousand moves. The results were immediate and obvious: Belle became a much stronger chess program, and Ken probably aged prematurely. Later Ken developed a program to automatically read the ''Encyclopedia'', allowing him to do in a few days what had taken him three years to do manually. <ref>[[Mathematician#HSBaird|Henry S. Baird]], [[Ken Thompson]] ('''1990'''). ''[http://doc.cat-v.org/bell_labs/reading_chess/ Reading Chess]''. [[IEEE#TPAMI|IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence]], Vol. 12, No. 6, [http://doc.cat-v.org/bell_labs/reading_chess/reading_chess.pdf pdf]</ref>
<span id="Formats"></span>
=Formats=
* [[ABK]] - [[Arena|Arena's]] book format
* [http://groups.google.com/group/gnu.chess/browse_frm/thread/329b9401059f679b gnuchess.book in Lisp] by [[Steven Edwards]], [[GNU Chess#NewsGroup|gnu.chess]], January 23, 1990
==1995 ...==
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/twuuIKTUqRw/bCN6Jn9zGOcJ Opening taxonomy] by [[Hugh S. Myers]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], September 12, 1995
* [http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess.computer/browse_frm/thread/656439670bd7c7fb The MCHESS5 computer killer book...] by [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], October 14, 1996
* [http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess.computer/browse_frm/thread/f14614c6bdebff95 Killer Books] by [[Andreas Mader]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], October 29, 1996
'''2019'''
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=70518 Book creation papers] by [[Robert Pope]], [[CCC]], April 18, 2019
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=71386 Database snapshot] by [[Bojun Guo|noobpwnftw]], [[CCC]], July 27, 2019* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=71764 ChessDBCN] by [[Bojun Guo|noobpwnftw]], [[CCC]], September 09, 2019
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=72432 Polyglot FRC/960 Opening Book] by [[Dennis Sceviour]], [[CCC]], November 27, 2019 » [[PolyGlot]], [[Chess960]]
==2020 ...==
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=75205 How many Elo points is a book?] by [[Chris Whittington]], [[CCC]], September 25, 2020 » [[Playing Strength]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=75878 Chess opening database with names] by Peperoni, [[CCC]], November 20, 2020 » [[ECO]]
=External Links=
* [http://www.g-sei.org/wp-content/Users/Fauzi/fauzi.html Fauzi's Opening Books] by [[Fauzi Akram Dabat]], [[G 6]] site
==Online Opening Tree==
* [https://www.chessdb.cn/queryc_en/ Chess Cloud Database Query Interface] by [[Bojun Guo|noobpwnftw]]
* [https://database.chessbase.com/?lang=en/ Chess database with eight million games. Openings, players, tournaments - Online] - [[ChessBase (Database)|ChessBase]]
* [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/explorer Chess Opening Explorer] from [http://www.chessgames.com/index.html chessgames.com]
