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Opening Book

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=Types=
There are two three ways to store an opening database:
* Opening lines
* PositionsLast positions* All positions
Some [[Databases|databases]] use a list The first two options are probably easier to implement. They are usually stored as text files, such as files of common opening PGN format (for openings lines, while others hold a list of ) or EDP format (for last positions ). The most advantage is that arise in common openingsby using text form they are readable, understandable and editable by human without any special software. The first option However, the main disadvantage is probably easier that they may take too much space as well as time for searching since an item may take from 50 bytes (for FEN strings) to implementhundreds of bytes (for PGN text). If we store openings "continuously" (all possible opening positions) both data size and searching time become too huge and become unacceptable for playing. In practice, while the second has those opening books are usually very small with some important advantageslines or positions only, they cannot be used for real game playing but for testing.
The third has some important advantages, especially for computer chess engines. Opening databases built on all positions are usually more space efficient and overcome the problem of [[Transposition|transpositions]]. Often these positions are stored as hash value to allow fast access. Some opening database formats store with each positions position as well some information about it. (e.g. number of times occurred, number of games won by white/black / drawn with this position, average/maximum Elo of players playing to this opening position, chess program's success with the position) . So when a chess program has to decide on a move, it will look up all positions that could arise after moving in the database and then make a decision upon the information given with each position. Depends on designs, an item may take 10 - 16 bytes. To build and/or edit those opening books, users need to use special software.
=Generation=
* [[ABK]] - [[Arena|Arena's]] book format
* [[PolyGlot|BIN]] - [[PolyGlot]] book fomat
* [[CTG]] - [[ChessBase]] book format
=Classification of Chess Openings=
=Selected Publications=
==1974 ...==
* [http://www.mathnet.ru/php/person.phtml?option_lang=eng&personid=96114 Ya. Yu. Gol'fand], [[Aaron L. Futer]] ('''1974'''). ''Implementation of the opening book for the chess program.'' in Problems of Cybernetic, No. 29 , pp. 201-210
: Я.Ю. Гольфанд, [[Aaron L. Futer|А.Л. Футер]] ('''1974'''). ''Реализация дебютной справочной для шахматной программы.''/ Сб. Проблемы кибернетики №29, стр. 201-210
==1980 ...==
* [[John F. White]] ('''1982'''). ''[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/19/chess-book-openings/ Chess-Book Openings]''. [[Your Computer]], [http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/15/february-1982-contents-and-editorial/ February 1982]
* [[Kathe Spracklen]] ('''1983'''). ''Tutorial: Representation of an Opening Tree''. [[ICGA Journal#6_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 6, No. 1]]
* [[Joe Condon]] and , [[Ken Thompson]] ('''1983'''). ''BELLE''. [[Chess Skill in Man and Machine]]
==1990 ...==
* [[John F. White]] ('''1990'''). ''The Amateur's Book-Opening Routine''. [[ICGA Journal#13_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1]]
* [[Chrilly Donninger]], [[Ulf Lorenz]] ('''2005'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11922155_1 Innovative Opening-Book Handling]''. [[Advances in Computer Games 11]], [http://www2.cs.uni-paderborn.de/cs/ag-monien/PERSONAL/FLULO/publications/icga_open_springer.pdf pdf]
* [[Jeff Rollason]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://www.aifactory.co.uk/newsletter/2006_01_fuzzy_books.htm Fuzzy books - Approximate opening knowledge]''. [[AI Factory]], Spring 2006
* [[Mark Levene]], [[Judit Bar-Ilan]] ('''2006'''). ''Comparing Typical Opening Move Choices Made by Humans and Chess Engines''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0610060 arXiv:cs/0610060]
* [[Mark Levene]], [[Judit Bar-Ilan]] ('''2007'''). ''Comparing Typical Opening Move Choices Made by Humans and Chess Engines''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Computer_Journal The Computer Journal], Vol. 50, No. 5
* [[Jeff Rollason]] ('''2007'''). ''[http://www.aifactory.co.uk/newsletter/2007_03_creating_book.htm Creating Book Knowledge]''. [[AI Factory]], Autumn 2007
* [[Mark Levene]], [[Judit Bar-Ilan]] ('''2007'''). ''[http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.AI/0610060 Comparing Typical Opening Move Choices Made by Humans and Chess Engines]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Computer_Journal Computer Journal], 50, [http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/cs/pdf/0610/0610060v1.pdf pdf]
* [http://gobase.org/information/players/?pp=Pierre%20Audouard Pierre Audouard], [[Guillaume Chaslot]], [[Jean-Baptiste Hoock]], [[Arpad Rimmel]], [[Julien Pérez]], [[Olivier Teytaud]] ('''2009'''). ''Grid co-evolution for adaptive simulations; application to the building of opening books in the game of Go''. [http://www.lri.fr/~rimmel/publi/ouvertures.pdf pdf]
* [[Guillaume Chaslot]], [[Jean-Baptiste Hoock]], [[Julien Pérez]], [[Arpad Rimmel]], [[Olivier Teytaud]], [[Mark Winands]] ('''2009'''). ''Meta Monte-Carlo Tree Search for Automatic Opening Book Generation''. [http://www.personeel.unimaas.nl/m-winands/documents/ouvertures9x9.pdf pdf]
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=226258 question about book and learning] by [[Uri Blass]], [[CCC]], April 26, 2002
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=267805 Book design] by [[Sune Fischer]], [[CCC]], November 28, 2002
* [http://www.open-aurec.com/wbforum/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=42820 Opening Bug in Nejmet and Pharaon] by Mainflame, [[Computer Chess Forums|Winboard Forum]], May 31, 2003 » [[Nejmet]], [[Pharaon]]
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=330362 Why use opening books in machine-machine competitions?] by [[Mig Greengard]], [[CCC]], November 25, 2003
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=368697 Performance rating calculation] by [[Dan Wulff]], [[CCC]], June 02, 2004
'''2019'''
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=70518 Book creation papers] by [[Robert Pope]], [[CCC]], April 18, 2019
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=71386 Database snapshot] by [[noobpwnftw]], [[CCC]], July 27, 2019
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=71764 ChessDBCN] by [[noobpwnftw]], [[CCC]], September 09, 2019
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=72432 Polyglot FRC/960 Opening Book] by [[Dennis Sceviour]], [[CCC]], November 27, 2019 » [[PolyGlot]], [[Chess960]]
=External Links=
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/news_item.php?id=35 The use of openings books] by the [[ICGA]], September 15, 2008
==Engine Books==
* [http://www.top-5000.nl/tools.htm Source code Pro Deo Book] by [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]] » [[ProDeo]]
* [http://www.top-5000.nl/eoc.htm Source code ProDeo EOC database] by [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]]
* [http://chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=7069 HIARCS 13 – the Professional Openings Book] by [[Mark Uniacke]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], March 10, 2011 » [[HIARCS]] <ref>[http://www.open-chess.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=1073#p11368 Re: Opening Books Battle..] by BB+ ([[Mark Watkins]]), [[Computer Chess Forums|OpenChess Forum]], March 12, 2011</ref>
* [http://hardy.uhasselt.be/Toga/book_format.html Polyglot book format]
* [http://www.g-sei.org/wp-content/Users/Fauzi/fauzi.html Fauzi's Opening Books] by [[Fauzi Akram Dabat]], [[G 6]] site
==Online Opening Tree==
* [https://www.chessdb.cn/queryc_en/ Chess Cloud Database Query Interface] by [[noobpwnftw]]
* [https://database.chessbase.com/?lang=en/ Chess database with eight million games. Openings, players, tournaments - Online] - [[ChessBase (Database)|ChessBase]]
* [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/explorer Chess Opening Explorer] from [http://www.chessgames.com/index.html chessgames.com]
<references />
'''[[Knowledge|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Schaeffer Quotes]]
[[Category:Jan Klare]]
[[Category:Achim Zepezauer]]
[[Category:The Dorf]]

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