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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Organizations]] * Novag'''
[[FILE:Novag_logo.GIF|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Novag| Novag Logo <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Novag_En Novag] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]</ref> ]]
'''Novag Industries Ltd.''' is a designer and manufacturer of [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computers]] founded in 1978 by [[Peter Auge]] and [[Eric Winkler]], located in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong Hong Kong], one of two [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_administrative_region_%28People%27s_Republic_of_China%29 special administrative regions] (SARs) of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China People's Republic of China] and at that time (until 1997) under [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Hong_Kong British administration].
=The First Clone=
Novag's first chess computer, the [[Chess Champion MK I]] appeared in September 1978 <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Novag_Chess_Champion_MK_I Novag Chess Champion MK I] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]</ref> . It had a [[Fairchild F8]] 8-Bit processor running with 1.78 MHz, 2 KB [[Memory#ROM|ROM]], and 256 bytes [[Memory#RAM|RAM]]. The program was a [[Clones|clone]] of the ''Data Cash Systems Inc.'' [[CompuChess]] program, which was developed by [[David B. Goodrich]] & Associates <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/CompuChess CompuChess] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]</ref> , while other sources assume [[David Levy]] was involved in the development <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html Scisys and Novag : The Early Years] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> <ref>[http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Etluif/chescom/EngNovCCM1.html Chess Champion Mk 1] by [http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Etluif/ Tom Luif]</ref> . The Mk I was sold in the USA by [[Joseph Sugarman|Joseph Sugarman's]] company ''JS&A'' <ref>[http://books.google.de/books?id=fgEAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&source=bl&ots=eaMgfAOx-j&sig=RtU-YrzsPWpN_-C_YkWrcIv3vy4&hl=en&ei=nhgeTZy5EsjEswalyIj7DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false Karpov Accepts - Popular Science March 1979 - Google Books]</ref> , and in 1979 ''Data Cash Systems'' took legal action against ''JS&A'' for breach of copyright <ref>[http://www2.newpaltz.edu/%7Ezuckerpr/cases/data-chs.htm DATA CASH Systems, Inc. v. JS&A Group, Inc., et al. ]</ref> , which failed because it transpired that the copyright had not been adequately protected in terms of USA law <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html Scisys and Novag : The Early Years] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> <ref>[http://itlaw.wikia.com/wiki/Data_Cash_Systems_v._JS%26A_Group Data Cash Systems v. JS&A Group - The IT Law Wiki]</ref> <ref>[http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=2740925334562415320 Data Cash Systems, Inc. v. JS&A GROUP, INC., 480 F. Supp. 1063 - Dist. Court, ND Illinois 1979 - Google Scholar]</ref> <ref>[http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=6047525544656937218 Data Cash Systems, Inc. v. JS&A GROUP, INC., 628 F. 2d 1038 - Court of Appeals, 7th Circuit 1980 - Google Scholar]</ref>.
=The SciSys Split=
The Novag [[Chess Champion MK II]] in 1979 had a [[6502]] compatible 6504 CPU with a program by [[Peter Jennings]]. Novag's third computer, the [[Chess Champion Super System III]] with a [[6502]] CPU and a program developed by [[Mike Johnson]] and [[David Levy]] was already manufactured by [[Saitek|SciSys-W Ltd]]. Despite commercial success, Winkler and Auge decided to part company in late 1979. Winkler had already founded SciSys, and Auge continued with Novag, both first sharing their products, for instance [[Chess Partner 2000]] acknowledged to "programmer" [[David Levy]] was delivered in different boxes <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html Scisys and Novag : The Early Years] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> .
=Kittinger=
In 1981, Peter Auge hired [[David Kittinger]] and his [[MyChess]] program which went into the [[Novag Micro Chess]], [[Super Sensor IV]] and [[Savant]] all in 1981. In the following years the [[Robot Adversary]], [[Constellation]] and most notably the [[Super Constellation]] appeared. Their cooperation continued over 20 year, despite reissue of his programs in new models, Kittinger made a last update for the [[Novag Star Diamond]] in 2003 <ref>[http://kittinger.yolasite.com/ David Kittinger - Interview] by [[Bryan Whitby]]</ref>. In 2009, Novag was sold to a company called ''Solar Wide Industrial Ltd'', but continued to manufacture chess computers <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html Scisys and Novag : The Early Years] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> .
<span id="NovagAward"></span>
=Novag Best-Publication Award=
{{Novag Best-Publication Award}}
=Publications=
* [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-39867523.html Schachcomputer: Markt und Müll], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 49/1979, December 03, 1979, (German) [http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=39867523&aref=image035/E0513/PPM-SP197904901190131.pdf pdf]
* [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14334137.html Schachcomputer: Tricks und Trug], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 50/1980, December 08, 1980, (German) [http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=14334137&aref=image036/2006/06/16/cq-sp198005000620071.pdf pdf]
* [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14356596.html Schachcomputer: Lästig, nicht lustig], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 49/1982, December 06, 1982, (German) [http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=14356596&aref=image036/2006/06/20/cq-sp198204902240229.pdf pdf]
* [[Tony Harrington]] ('''1983'''). ''Inter~Galactic Moves''. [[Personal Computer World]], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive_1983.html October 1983]
* [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/10-1985,%20Interview%20mit%20Peter%20Auge,%20Ich%20bin%20ja%20nur%20der%20Chef.pdf Interview with Peter Auge] (pdf), Erwerbsquelle: 10-1985, Zeitschrift Schachcomputer (Herausgeber Florian Piel) hosted by [[Hein Veldhuis]] (German)
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/Novag_Article_May_1986.pdf 100,000 Chess Computers a year Peter Auge says his HK product can only be beaten by masters and grand masters], The Bulletin, May 1986, pdf hosted by [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK]
=Computers and Programs=
* [[Chess Champion MK I]]
* [[Chess Champion MK II]]
* [[Chess Champion Pocket Chess]]
* [[Chess Champion Super System III]]
* [[Chess Partner 2000]]
* [[Constellation]]
* [[Novag Citrine]]
* [[Novag Sapphire#Diamond|Novag Diamond]]
* [[Novag Expert]]
* [[Novag Forte]]
* [[Novag Micro Chess]]
* [[Novag Sapphire]]
* [[Novag Star Diamond]]
* [[Novag X]]
* [[Robot Adversary]]
* [[Savant]]
* [[Super Constellation]]
* [[Super Sensor IV]]
=Forum Posts=
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=27987 Novag - Sold] by [[Bryan Whitby]], [[CCC]], May 19, 2009
=External Links=
* [http://www.trademarkia.com/novag-74219301.html NOVAG - Trademark by Novag Industries Ltd. Kowloon]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html Scisys and Novag : The Early Years] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/novag.html Novag] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/sets/72157600922171918/ Novag | Photo collection] by [[Steve Blincoe|Chewbanta]]
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Novag_En Novag] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]
* [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/schaakcomputers/Novag.php Novag Schaakcomputers] by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
* [http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Etluif/chescom/EngNOV.html Novag Computers] by [http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Etluif/ Tom Luif]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/dave_kittinger.html David Kittinger - Interview] by [[Bryan Whitby]], 2008
=References=
<references />
'''[[Organizations|Up one Level]]'''
[[FILE:Novag_logo.GIF|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Novag| Novag Logo <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Novag_En Novag] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]</ref> ]]
'''Novag Industries Ltd.''' is a designer and manufacturer of [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computers]] founded in 1978 by [[Peter Auge]] and [[Eric Winkler]], located in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong Hong Kong], one of two [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_administrative_region_%28People%27s_Republic_of_China%29 special administrative regions] (SARs) of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China People's Republic of China] and at that time (until 1997) under [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Hong_Kong British administration].
=The First Clone=
Novag's first chess computer, the [[Chess Champion MK I]] appeared in September 1978 <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Novag_Chess_Champion_MK_I Novag Chess Champion MK I] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]</ref> . It had a [[Fairchild F8]] 8-Bit processor running with 1.78 MHz, 2 KB [[Memory#ROM|ROM]], and 256 bytes [[Memory#RAM|RAM]]. The program was a [[Clones|clone]] of the ''Data Cash Systems Inc.'' [[CompuChess]] program, which was developed by [[David B. Goodrich]] & Associates <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/CompuChess CompuChess] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]</ref> , while other sources assume [[David Levy]] was involved in the development <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html Scisys and Novag : The Early Years] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> <ref>[http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Etluif/chescom/EngNovCCM1.html Chess Champion Mk 1] by [http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Etluif/ Tom Luif]</ref> . The Mk I was sold in the USA by [[Joseph Sugarman|Joseph Sugarman's]] company ''JS&A'' <ref>[http://books.google.de/books?id=fgEAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&source=bl&ots=eaMgfAOx-j&sig=RtU-YrzsPWpN_-C_YkWrcIv3vy4&hl=en&ei=nhgeTZy5EsjEswalyIj7DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false Karpov Accepts - Popular Science March 1979 - Google Books]</ref> , and in 1979 ''Data Cash Systems'' took legal action against ''JS&A'' for breach of copyright <ref>[http://www2.newpaltz.edu/%7Ezuckerpr/cases/data-chs.htm DATA CASH Systems, Inc. v. JS&A Group, Inc., et al. ]</ref> , which failed because it transpired that the copyright had not been adequately protected in terms of USA law <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html Scisys and Novag : The Early Years] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> <ref>[http://itlaw.wikia.com/wiki/Data_Cash_Systems_v._JS%26A_Group Data Cash Systems v. JS&A Group - The IT Law Wiki]</ref> <ref>[http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=2740925334562415320 Data Cash Systems, Inc. v. JS&A GROUP, INC., 480 F. Supp. 1063 - Dist. Court, ND Illinois 1979 - Google Scholar]</ref> <ref>[http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=6047525544656937218 Data Cash Systems, Inc. v. JS&A GROUP, INC., 628 F. 2d 1038 - Court of Appeals, 7th Circuit 1980 - Google Scholar]</ref>.
=The SciSys Split=
The Novag [[Chess Champion MK II]] in 1979 had a [[6502]] compatible 6504 CPU with a program by [[Peter Jennings]]. Novag's third computer, the [[Chess Champion Super System III]] with a [[6502]] CPU and a program developed by [[Mike Johnson]] and [[David Levy]] was already manufactured by [[Saitek|SciSys-W Ltd]]. Despite commercial success, Winkler and Auge decided to part company in late 1979. Winkler had already founded SciSys, and Auge continued with Novag, both first sharing their products, for instance [[Chess Partner 2000]] acknowledged to "programmer" [[David Levy]] was delivered in different boxes <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html Scisys and Novag : The Early Years] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> .
=Kittinger=
In 1981, Peter Auge hired [[David Kittinger]] and his [[MyChess]] program which went into the [[Novag Micro Chess]], [[Super Sensor IV]] and [[Savant]] all in 1981. In the following years the [[Robot Adversary]], [[Constellation]] and most notably the [[Super Constellation]] appeared. Their cooperation continued over 20 year, despite reissue of his programs in new models, Kittinger made a last update for the [[Novag Star Diamond]] in 2003 <ref>[http://kittinger.yolasite.com/ David Kittinger - Interview] by [[Bryan Whitby]]</ref>. In 2009, Novag was sold to a company called ''Solar Wide Industrial Ltd'', but continued to manufacture chess computers <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html Scisys and Novag : The Early Years] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> .
<span id="NovagAward"></span>
=Novag Best-Publication Award=
{{Novag Best-Publication Award}}
=Publications=
* [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-39867523.html Schachcomputer: Markt und Müll], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 49/1979, December 03, 1979, (German) [http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=39867523&aref=image035/E0513/PPM-SP197904901190131.pdf pdf]
* [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14334137.html Schachcomputer: Tricks und Trug], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 50/1980, December 08, 1980, (German) [http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=14334137&aref=image036/2006/06/16/cq-sp198005000620071.pdf pdf]
* [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14356596.html Schachcomputer: Lästig, nicht lustig], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 49/1982, December 06, 1982, (German) [http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=14356596&aref=image036/2006/06/20/cq-sp198204902240229.pdf pdf]
* [[Tony Harrington]] ('''1983'''). ''Inter~Galactic Moves''. [[Personal Computer World]], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive_1983.html October 1983]
* [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/10-1985,%20Interview%20mit%20Peter%20Auge,%20Ich%20bin%20ja%20nur%20der%20Chef.pdf Interview with Peter Auge] (pdf), Erwerbsquelle: 10-1985, Zeitschrift Schachcomputer (Herausgeber Florian Piel) hosted by [[Hein Veldhuis]] (German)
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/Novag_Article_May_1986.pdf 100,000 Chess Computers a year Peter Auge says his HK product can only be beaten by masters and grand masters], The Bulletin, May 1986, pdf hosted by [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK]
=Computers and Programs=
* [[Chess Champion MK I]]
* [[Chess Champion MK II]]
* [[Chess Champion Pocket Chess]]
* [[Chess Champion Super System III]]
* [[Chess Partner 2000]]
* [[Constellation]]
* [[Novag Citrine]]
* [[Novag Sapphire#Diamond|Novag Diamond]]
* [[Novag Expert]]
* [[Novag Forte]]
* [[Novag Micro Chess]]
* [[Novag Sapphire]]
* [[Novag Star Diamond]]
* [[Novag X]]
* [[Robot Adversary]]
* [[Savant]]
* [[Super Constellation]]
* [[Super Sensor IV]]
=Forum Posts=
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=27987 Novag - Sold] by [[Bryan Whitby]], [[CCC]], May 19, 2009
=External Links=
* [http://www.trademarkia.com/novag-74219301.html NOVAG - Trademark by Novag Industries Ltd. Kowloon]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html Scisys and Novag : The Early Years] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/novag.html Novag] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/sets/72157600922171918/ Novag | Photo collection] by [[Steve Blincoe|Chewbanta]]
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Novag_En Novag] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]
* [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/schaakcomputers/Novag.php Novag Schaakcomputers] by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
* [http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Etluif/chescom/EngNOV.html Novag Computers] by [http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Etluif/ Tom Luif]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/dave_kittinger.html David Kittinger - Interview] by [[Bryan Whitby]], 2008
=References=
<references />
'''[[Organizations|Up one Level]]'''
