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Mikhail R. Shura-Bura

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=Biography=
Mikhail R. Shura-Bura studied at the Institute of Mathematics at [[Moscow State University]] under the guidance of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Alexandrov [Mathematician#PAlexandrov|Pavel Alexandrov]], where he researched on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_topology general topology] and submitted a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidate_of_Sciences candidate dissertation] thesis in 1947 on ''Projection Spectra of Bicompact Spaces'', and in 1952 he defended a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis doctoral dissertation] on ''The Questions of Solving Mathematical Problems Involving a Large Number of Operations'' <ref>The Editorial Board ('''2009'''). ''To the Memory of Mikhail Romanovich Shura-Bura''. [http://www.springer.com/computer/journal/11086 Programming and Computer Software], Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 181–182. © [http://www.maikonline.com/maik/about.do?tileName=about.copyright Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.], Original Russian Text © Editorial Board, published in [http://www.maik.ru/cgi-perl/journal.pl?name=procom&page=main Programmirovanie], Vol. 35, No. 4, [http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134%2FS036176880904001X.pdf pdf]</ref> . In 1952, he co-authored the first Soviet textbook on programming <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazar_Lyusternik [Mathematician#LLyusternik|Lazar A. Lyusternik]], [http://www.mathnet.ru/php/person.phtml?personid=30351&option_lang=eng [Mathematician#AAbramov|Aleksandr A. Abramov]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Shestakov [Mathematician#VIShestakov|Victor I. Shestakov]], [[Mikhail R. Shura-Bura]] ('''1952'''). ''Programming for High-Speed Electronic Computers''. (Программирование для электронных счетных машин)</ref> . Mikhail R. Shura-Bura was head of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keldysh_Institute_of_Applied_Mathematics Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences Moscow Academy of Sciences], and professor of the department of system programming, Moscow State University, head of its Software Engineering Chair, and since 1994 Professor Emeritus at MSU. Two times Mikhail Romanovich Shura-Bura was awarded with the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSR_State_Prize USSR State Prize], in 1955 for his contribution in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_atomic_bomb_project Soviet atomic bomb project], and in 1978 for the development of computer software <ref>[http://www.chernyshov.com/PROGRAMMERS/GrosProg.htm Выдающиеся программисты и математики-программисты] (Outstanding programmers and mathematicians)</ref> .
=Strela=
=Computer Chess=
[[Shura-Bura's Program|Shura-Bura's chess playing program]], presumably for the [[M-20]], was developed in 1961 by a team headed by Shura-Bura <ref>В. Туманов ('''1961'''). ''Лучший ход» — за 58 секунд''. Таль—Ботвинник: матч-реванш на первенство мира. Бюллетень Центрального шахматно<br/>V. Tomanov Tumanov ('''1961'''). ''The best move in 58 seconds''. in the 8th Bulletin of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1961 Botvinnik Tal 1961 revenge-match] (Russian)</ref> <ref>[[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''1983'''). ''Computerschaak, Schaakwereld en Kunstmatige Intelligentie''. Ph.D. thesis, [[Delft University of Technology]]. Academic Service, The Hague. ISBN 90 62 33 093 2 (Dutch), 2.2.9. Sjoera-Boera - translation from Russian by J.P. Warris, Russian teacher at TH Delft</ref> <ref>[http://www.schachcomputer.at/gesch6.htm Schachcomputer - Geschichte - 6] by [[Karsten Bauermeister]] (German)</ref> <ref>[http://www.dsk1931evtalkchess.decom/Computerschachforum3/computerviewtopic.php?f=2&t=70939&start=5 Re: The mystery of Alex Bernstein] by [[Sergei Markoff|Sergei S.htm Computerschach - ein ÜberblickMarkoff]], [[CCC]], June 08, 2019 » [[Alex Bernstein]] von Mathias Grontzki (German)</ref>.
=Quotes=
<span id="Bitsets"></span>
==Bitsets==
Machine representation of sets i.e. foundation of [[Bitboards]] and [[Piece-Sets]] <ref>[http://ershov.iis.nsk.su/archive/eaimage.asp?did=28792&fileid=173670 preprint pp. 43]</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazar_Lyusternik [Mathematician#LLyusternik|Lazar A. Lyusternik]], [http://www.mathnet.ru/php/person.phtml?personid=30351&option_lang=eng [Mathematician#AAbramov|Aleksandr A. Abramov]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Shestakov [Mathematician#VIShestakov|Victor I. Shestakov]], [[Mikhail R. Shura-Bura]] ('''1952'''). ''Programming for High-Speed Electronic Computers''. (Программирование для электронных счетных машин)</ref>
In 1952, Shura-Bura proposed a universal method for machine representation of sets which are subsets of some general enumerated set {m1,...,mn}. Each such subset {mi1, ... ,mik} is represented by a binary vector |β1,...,βn| where βi1 = βi2 = ... = βik = 1 while the other elements are all equal to zero. Such a vector is called a "logical scale". Computing the [[Population Count|cardinality]] of such sets and other set theoretic operations are rather conveniently reduced to machine instructions such as [[General Setwise Operations#ShiftingBitboards|shift]], [[BitScan#DoubleConversionBSR|normalization]] and [[General Setwise Operations#Bitwisebooleanoperations|bitwise logical operations]].
<span id="ComputerizedChess"></span>
==Computerized Chess==
{{Quote Shura-Bura}}
=See also=
* [[Shura-Bura's Program]]
 
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[http://www.mathnet.ru/php/person.phtml?option_lang=eng&personid=23635 Persons: Shura-Bura Mikhail Romanovich]</ref> <ref>[http://ershov.iis.nsk.su/archive/eacard.asp?pplid=1319 Academician A. Ershov's archive | Documents associated with Michael R. Shura-Bura]</ref> <ref>[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hd/s/Shura=Bura:Mikhail_R= dblp: Mikhail R. Shura-Bura]</ref>
* [[Mikhail R. Shura-Bura|M. Šura-Bura]] ('''1941'''). ''К теории бикомпактных пространств''. (Zur Theorie der bikompakten Räume), Recueil Mathématique - Matematicheskii Sbornik. Novaya Seriya, Vol. 9(51), No. 2, [http://www.mathnet.ru/links/21a1738438d9e76cfb6c25345cd0c6e7/sm6092.pdf pdf] (Russian, German Resume)
* [[Mikhail R. Shura-Bura]] ('''1952'''). ''The Questions of Solving Mathematical Problems Involving a Large Number of Operations''. Doctoral Dissertation
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazar_Lyusternik [Mathematician#LLyusternik|Lazar A. Lyusternik]], [http://www.mathnet.ru/php/person.phtml?personid=30351&option_lang=eng [Mathematician#AAbramov|Aleksandr A. Abramov]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Shestakov [Mathematician#VIShestakov|Victor I. Shestakov]], [[Mikhail R. Shura-Bura]] ('''1952'''). ''Programming for High-Speed Electronic Computers''. (Программирование для электронных счетных машин)
* [http://www.mathnet.ru/php/person.phtml?option_lang=eng&personid=63222 V. I. Sobel'man], [[Mikhail R. Shura-Bura]] ('''1962'''). ''[http://www.mathnet.ru/php/archive.phtml?wshow=paper&jrnid=zvmmf&paperid=7886&option_lang=eng Realization of recursive procedures in the language of AlGOL-60]''. (Реализация Рекурсивных Процедур В Языке Алгол-60) [http://www.mathnet.ru/php/archive.phtml?jrnid=zvmmf&option_lang=eng&wshow=statlist Zhurnal Vychislitel'noi Matematiki i Matematicheskoi Fiziki], Vol. 2, No. 2
* [[Mikhail R. Shura-Bura]] ('''1974''') ''Software Implementation Studies: Problems and Prospects''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/ifip/ifip74.html#Shura-Bura74 IFIP Congress 1974], Stockholm, Sweden » [[WCCC 1974]]
=External Links=
* [http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/galglory_en/Shura-Bura.htm Mikhail Romanovich Shura-Bura] from the [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]]
* [httphttps://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=106676 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Mikhail Shura-Bura]
* [http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87 Шура-Бура, Михаил Романович - Материал из Википедии] (Wikipedia.ru Russian)
* [http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B-%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B Лемма Шуры-Буры - Материал из Википедии] (Wikipedia.ru Russian, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemma_%28mathematics%29 Lemma] Shura-Bura)
[[Category:Mathematician|Shura-Bura]]
[[Category:Pioneer|Shura-Bura]]
[[Category:Quotes|Shura-Bura]]

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