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==Bitsets==
Machine representation of sets i.e. foundation of [[Bitboards]] and [[Piece-Sets]] <ref>[http://ershov.iis.nsk.su/archive/eaimage.asp?did=28792&fileid=173670 preprint pp. 43]</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazar_Lyusternik [Mathematician#LLyusternik|Lazar A. Lyusternik]], [http://www.mathnet.ru/php/person.phtml?personid=30351&option_lang=eng [Mathematician#AAbramov|Aleksandr A. Abramov]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Shestakov [Mathematician#VIShestakov|Victor I. Shestakov]], [[Mikhail R. Shura-Bura]] ('''1952'''). ''Programming for High-Speed Electronic Computers''. (Программирование для электронных счетных машин)</ref>
In 1952, Shura-Bura proposed a universal method for machine representation of sets which are subsets of some general enumerated set {m1,...,mn}. Each such subset {mi1, ... ,mik} is represented by a binary vector |β1,...,βn| where βi1 = βi2 = ... = βik = 1 while the other elements are all equal to zero. Such a vector is called a "logical scale". Computing the [[Population Count|cardinality]] of such sets and other set theoretic operations are rather conveniently reduced to machine instructions such as [[General Setwise Operations#ShiftingBitboards|shift]], [[BitScan#DoubleConversionBSR|normalization]] and [[General Setwise Operations#Bitwisebooleanoperations|bitwise logical operations]].
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* [[Mikhail R. Shura-Bura|M. Šura-Bura]] ('''1941'''). ''К теории бикомпактных пространств''. (Zur Theorie der bikompakten Räume), Recueil Mathématique - Matematicheskii Sbornik. Novaya Seriya, Vol. 9(51), No. 2, [http://www.mathnet.ru/links/21a1738438d9e76cfb6c25345cd0c6e7/sm6092.pdf pdf] (Russian, German Resume)
* [[Mikhail R. Shura-Bura]] ('''1952'''). ''The Questions of Solving Mathematical Problems Involving a Large Number of Operations''. Doctoral Dissertation
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazar_Lyusternik [Mathematician#LLyusternik|Lazar A. Lyusternik]], [http://www.mathnet.ru/php/person.phtml?personid=30351&option_lang=eng [Mathematician#AAbramov|Aleksandr A. Abramov]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Shestakov [Mathematician#VIShestakov|Victor I. Shestakov]], [[Mikhail R. Shura-Bura]] ('''1952'''). ''Programming for High-Speed Electronic Computers''. (Программирование для электронных счетных машин)
* [http://www.mathnet.ru/php/person.phtml?option_lang=eng&personid=63222 V. I. Sobel'man], [[Mikhail R. Shura-Bura]] ('''1962'''). ''[http://www.mathnet.ru/php/archive.phtml?wshow=paper&jrnid=zvmmf&paperid=7886&option_lang=eng Realization of recursive procedures in the language of AlGOL-60]''. (Реализация Рекурсивных Процедур В Языке Алгол-60) [http://www.mathnet.ru/php/archive.phtml?jrnid=zvmmf&option_lang=eng&wshow=statlist Zhurnal Vychislitel'noi Matematiki i Matematicheskoi Fiziki], Vol. 2, No. 2
* [[Mikhail R. Shura-Bura]] ('''1974''') ''Software Implementation Studies: Problems and Prospects''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/ifip/ifip74.html#Shura-Bura74 IFIP Congress 1974], Stockholm, Sweden » [[WCCC 1974]]
