Changes

The [[ITEP Chess Program]], forerunner of [[Kaissa]], developed since 1963 <ref>[http://adamant1.fromru.com/kaissa.html "Каисса" - Историю программы рассказывает один из ее создателей Михаил Донской] (Russian [[Kaissa]] - by [[Mikhail Donskoy]])</ref> at [[Alexander Kronrod|Alexander Kronrod’s]] laboratory at the Moscow [[Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics]] ('''ITEP''') by [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Anatoly Uskov]], [[Alexander Zhivotovsky]], A. Leman, M. Rozenfeld and Russian chess master [[Alexander Bitman]] <ref>[[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Alexander Bitman]], [[Alexander Zhivotovsky]], [[Anatoly Uskov]] ('''1970'''). ''Programming a Computer to Play Chess''. Russian Mathematical Surveys, Vol. 25, pp. 221-262.</ref> is mentioned to ran the [[Stanford-ITEP Match]] on a [[M-2]] computer <ref>[http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/m2.htm The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2] by the [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]]</ref>, while it was also ported to run on the [[M-20]] <ref>[http://sites.google.com/site/grekochess/ GreKo - Download] has a listing of the [[ITEP Chess Program]] for the [[M-20]] computer, hosted by [[Vladimir Medvedev]]</ref> <ref>[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~brudno/ Michael Brudno] ('''2000'''). ''Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess'', [http://www.cs.toronto.edu/%7Ebrudno/essays/cchess.pdf pdf]</ref>.

<span id="DonskoyOnM20"></span>

==Butenko's Program==

After [[Mikhail Botvinnik]] introduced his early computer chess ideas concerning [[Attack and Defend Maps|attack maps]] and [[Trajectory|trajectories]] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_Centres Moscow Central Chess Club] <ref>[http://en.chessbase.com/home/TabId/211/PostId/4007513 The last day of the “Botvinnik Memorial”] by [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Denissowna_Burtassowa Anna Burtasova], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], September 07, 2011</ref> in 1966, with the skeptical [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]] and others attending, he found [[Vladimir Butenko]] as supporter and collaborator. Butenko first implemented the [[Vector Attacks|15x15 vector attacks]] board representation, [[Distance#15x15|determining trajectories]] on a [[M-20]] computer in a program which apparently was a forerunner of [[Pioneer]], which also evolved to [[Butenko's program]] after he refused further cooperation with Botvinnik in 1970 <ref>[http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/Frame/index.html Лингвистическая Геометрия] Бориса Штильмана, [http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=de&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/Frame/index.html&usg=ALkJrhjGqyvJey-MTGqcGxzMU53Od0Y7VQ Linguistic Geometry] [[Boris Stilman]] by [[Alexander Timofeev]] ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate Google Translate])