https://www.chessprogramming.org/index.php?title=M-2&feed=atom&action=historyM-2 - Revision history2024-03-29T01:11:30ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.30.1https://www.chessprogramming.org/index.php?title=M-2&diff=17263&oldid=prevGerdIsenberg at 08:04, 25 January 20202020-01-25T08:04:50Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 08:04, 25 January 2020</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Architecture=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Architecture=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The M-2 was assembled in the period from April till December 1952, upgraded until 1956, since 1953 solving applied tasks on round-the-clock basis with fixed and [[Float|floating point]] numbers. Instructions were 34-bit wide, had [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_address_code three address codes] and 4-bit opcode.  The control circuit and [[Combinatorial Logic#ALU|ALU]] used [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_tube tube] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor semiconductor] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode diodes]. The internal storage devices included the main electrostatic device (standard cathode-ray tubes) that held up to 512 numbers and had regeneration cycle of 25 µs, and an additional magnetic drum that held up to 512 numbers and rotated at 2860 revolutions/min <ref>[http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/m2.htm The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2] <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">by </del>the [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]]</ref>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The M-2 was assembled in the period from April till December 1952, upgraded until 1956, since 1953 solving applied tasks on round-the-clock basis with fixed and [[Float|floating point]] numbers. Instructions were 34-bit wide, had [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_address_code three address codes] and 4-bit opcode.  The control circuit and [[Combinatorial Logic#ALU|ALU]] used [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_tube tube] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor semiconductor] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode diodes]. The internal storage devices included the main electrostatic device (standard cathode-ray tubes) that held up to 512 numbers and had regeneration cycle of 25 µs, and an additional magnetic drum that held up to 512 numbers and rotated at 2860 revolutions/min <ref>[http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/m2.htm The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2] <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">from </ins>the [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]]</ref>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=ITEP Chess Program=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=ITEP Chess Program=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The M-2 ran </del>the [[ITEP Chess Program]] developed <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">early 60s at </del>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[Alexander Kronrod|Alexander Kronrod’s</del>]<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] laboratory at </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Moscow </del>[[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics</del>]] by [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Anatoly Uskov]], [[Alexander Zhivotovsky]], A. Leman, </del>M<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Rozenfeld and Russian chess master [[Alexander Bitman</del>]] <ref>[[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Alexander Bitman]], [[Alexander Zhivotovsky]], [[Anatoly Uskov]] ('''1970'''). ''Programming a Computer to Play Chess''. [http://iopscience.iop.org/0036-0279/25/2 Russian Mathematical Surveys, Vol. 25], pp. 221-262</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">According to the description of the [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]], </ins>the [[ITEP Chess Program]] <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was </ins>developed <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">M-2 <ref></ins>[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/m2.htm The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2</ins>] <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">from </ins>the [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Russian Virtual Computer Museum</ins>]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></ref>, which seems wrong since all primary sources </ins>by [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">et al. mention the Chess Program was written for the </ins>[[M<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-20</ins>]] <ref>[[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Alexander Bitman]], [[Alexander Zhivotovsky]], [[Anatoly Uskov]] ('''1970'''). ''Programming a Computer to Play Chess''. [http://iopscience.iop.org/0036-0279/25/2 Russian Mathematical Surveys, Vol. 25], pp. 221-262</ref><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> We give a description of the principles used in organizing and processing information in the chess programs devised by the authors during the years 1961-6 for the electronic computer M-20. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=See also=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=See also=</div></td></tr>
</table>GerdIsenberghttps://www.chessprogramming.org/index.php?title=M-2&diff=3048&oldid=prevGerdIsenberg: Created page with "'''Home * Hardware * M-2''' '''M-2''' was a Soviet digital computer developed in the Laboratory of Electrical Systems in the Institute of Energy of the [htt..."2018-05-29T12:09:33Z<p>Created page with "'''<a href="/Main_Page" title="Main Page">Home</a> * <a href="/Hardware" title="Hardware">Hardware</a> * M-2''' '''M-2''' was a Soviet digital computer developed in the Laboratory of Electrical Systems in the Institute of Energy of the [htt..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Hardware]] * M-2'''<br />
<br />
'''M-2''' was a Soviet digital computer developed in the Laboratory of Electrical Systems in the Institute of Energy of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences#USSR_Academy_of_Sciences USSR Academy of Science], designed by [http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/galglory_en/Bruk.htm Isaak Semenovich Bruk]. The M-2 development team, at different stages, of 7 to 10 engineers was lead by [http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/galglory_en/kartsev.htm Mikhail Alexanderovich Kartsev]. <br />
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=Architecture=<br />
The M-2 was assembled in the period from April till December 1952, upgraded until 1956, since 1953 solving applied tasks on round-the-clock basis with fixed and [[Float|floating point]] numbers. Instructions were 34-bit wide, had [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_address_code three address codes] and 4-bit opcode. The control circuit and [[Combinatorial Logic#ALU|ALU]] used [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_tube tube] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor semiconductor] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode diodes]. The internal storage devices included the main electrostatic device (standard cathode-ray tubes) that held up to 512 numbers and had regeneration cycle of 25 µs, and an additional magnetic drum that held up to 512 numbers and rotated at 2860 revolutions/min <ref>[http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/m2.htm The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2] by the [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]]</ref>.<br />
<br />
=ITEP Chess Program=<br />
The M-2 ran the [[ITEP Chess Program]] developed in the early 60s at [[Alexander Kronrod|Alexander Kronrod’s]] laboratory at the Moscow [[Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics]] by [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Anatoly Uskov]], [[Alexander Zhivotovsky]], A. Leman, M. Rozenfeld and Russian chess master [[Alexander Bitman]] <ref>[[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Alexander Bitman]], [[Alexander Zhivotovsky]], [[Anatoly Uskov]] ('''1970'''). ''Programming a Computer to Play Chess''. [http://iopscience.iop.org/0036-0279/25/2 Russian Mathematical Surveys, Vol. 25], pp. 221-262</ref><br />
<br />
=See also=<br />
* [[M-20]]<br />
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=External Links=<br />
* [http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/m2.htm The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2] from the [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Universal_Digital_Computer_M-2 Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2 from Wikipedia]<br />
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=References= <br />
<references /><br />
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'''[[Hardware|Up one Level]]'''</div>GerdIsenberg