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Loop (Program)

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'''Loop''',<br/>
an [[UCI]] compliant chess engine by [[Fritz Reul]] with different [[Board Representation|board representations]] for 32-bit and 64-bit platforms, at times commercial. Loop became subject of its author's Ph.D. thesis ''New Architectures in Computer Chess'' <ref>[[Fritz Reul]] ('''2009'''). ''New Architectures in Computer Chess''. Ph.D. Thesisthesis</ref> . Despite different board representation, both Loop versions presumably share same [[Search|search]] and [[Evaluation|evaluation]] with similar features and weights.
=<span id="32bit"></span>32-bit Loop=
The 32-bit program, based on Reul's former program [[List (Program)|List]], relies on a [[Vector Attacks#15x12|15x12 board]] representation in conjunction with disjoint [[Piece-Lists#NewArchitecture|piece-lists]] with adequate [[Move Generation|move generation]] of [[Vector Attacks#NewArchitecture|blocker loops]]. It participated as ''Loop Leiden'' at the [[DOCCC 2006]], becoming strong runner up behind [[Rybka]]. A specially adapted version called ''Loop Express'' became the engine of [[Wii Chess]] for the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo Nintendo] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wii Wii] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_console console] in 2008 <ref>[[Fritz Reul]] ('''2009'''). ''New Architectures in Computer Chess'', Ph.D. Thesisthesis, 2.2.2 Nintendo Wii Chess, pp. 11</ref> . The non-bitboard data-structure of Loop was also applied in [[Chrilly Donninger|Chrilly Donninger's]] chess machine [[Hydra]] <ref>[[Fritz Reul]] ('''2009'''). ''New Architectures in Computer Chess'', Ph.D. Thesisthesis, 2.2.1 The Chess Machine Hydra, pp. 11</ref> .
Reul in his thesis <ref>[[Fritz Reul]] ('''2009'''). ''New Architectures in Computer Chess'', Ph.D. Thesisthesis, 5.1.1 Non-Bitboard Architectures, pp. 96</ref> :
This computerchess architecture was first implemented in the quite successful computerchess engine Loop Leiden 2006. The computerchess architecture was later implemented partially in Hydra and completely in Wii Chess by Nintendo (see Section 2.1). The high performance was just as important for these projects as the simplicity and ease of implementation in the following two environments: (1) the environment of a sophisticated computer-chess machine (Hydra) and (2) the environment of a commercial games console with the highest quality and security standards.
The [[Bitboards|bitboard]] based Loop applies [[Magic Bitboards]] for [[Sliding Piece Attacks|sliding piece attack generation]]. Further, iterative [[Alpha-Beta|alpha-beta]] bounded [[Static Exchange Evaluation|static exchange evaluation]] was applied to ''Loop Amsterdam'' <ref>[[Fritz Reul]] ('''2010'''). ''Static Exchange Evaluation with αβ-Approach''. [[ICGA Journal#33_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 1]]</ref> , also performing a [[Parallel Search|parallel search]] for a quad-core processor, which played a strong [[WCCC 2007]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam Amsterdam], and became Third, behind the later disqualified [[Rybka]], and [[Zappa]] <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/tournament.php?id=173 15th World Computer Chess Championship - Amsterdam 2007 (ICGA Tournaments)]</ref> .
Fritz Reul on an essential reason of Loop's success in Amsterdam in his thesis <ref>[[Fritz Reul]] ('''2009'''). ''New Architectures in Computer Chess'', Ph.D. Thesisthesis, 5.1.2 Magic Hash Functions for Bitboards, pp. 97</ref> :
A complete computer-chess architecture based on hash functions and magic multiplications for the examination of bitboards is implemented in the computerchess engine Loop Amsterdam. This engine was able to reach the 3rd place at the 15th World Computer-Chess Championship, Amsterdam (NL) 2007. An essential reason for the success of this 64-bit computer-chess engine was the use of highly sophisticated perfect hash functions and magic multipliers for the computation of compound bit-patterns (bitboards) via perfect hashing.
=Evaluation=
==Preliminary Considerations==
Evaluation was only marginally covered in Reul's thesis. In ''Preliminary Considerations'' he mentioned discussions with [[Chrilly Donninger]], [[Fabien Letouzey]] and [[Tord Romstad]], and the exchange of source codes <ref>[[Fritz Reul]] ('''2009'''). ''New Architectures in Computer Chess'', Ph.D. Thesisthesis, 1.2 Preliminary Considerations, pp. 3-4</ref> : This thesis also does not aim at the explicit consideration of known computer-chess architectures, such as [[Rotated Bitboards]] <ref>[[Stuart Cracraft]] ('''1984'''). ''Bitmap move generation in Chess''. [[ICGA Journal#7_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 7, No. 3]]</ref> <ref>[[Robert Hyatt]] ('''1999'''). ''[http://www.cis.uab.edu/hyatt/bitmaps.html Rotated Bitmaps, a New Twist on an Old Idea]''. [[ICGA Journal#22_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 22, No. 4]]</ref> or the [[0x88]] representation <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20070716111804/www.brucemo.com/compchess/programming/0x88.htm 0x88 Move Generation] by [[Bruce Moreland]]</ref>. Many a reference used in this thesis is not available in a scientifically elaborate form. This includes personal conversations with programmers <ref>[[Chrilly Donninger]] ('''2006'''). ''Discussion with Dr. Christian Donninger''.</ref>, <ref>[[Fabien Letouzey]] ('''2006'''). ''Personal discussion with Fabien Letouzey''.</ref> <ref>[[Tord Romstad]] ('''2007'''). ''Discussion with Tord Romstad''.</ref> , and the '''exchange of source codes''' as well as discussions via email. In this way the contents of this thesis can be regarded to be on a state-of the-art level of the research and development in the field of the computer-chess architectures.
==Fruit Evaluation Overlap==
=Publications=
* [[Fritz Reul]] ('''2009'''). ''New Architectures in Computer Chess''. Ph.D. Thesisthesis, [https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/1098572/Proefschrift_Fritz_Reul_170609.pdf pdf]
* [[Fritz Reul]] ('''2010'''). ''Static Exchange Evaluation with αβ-Approach''. [[ICGA Journal#33_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 1]]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_while_loop Do while loop]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_loop Infinite loop]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_Loops Dirty Loops] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_in_the_Deep Rolling in the Deep] ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adele Adele] Cover), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsqh9jHkHlM|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
[[Category:Commercial]]
[[Category:Industrial Heritage Trail]]
[[Category:Music]]

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