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Created page with "'''Home * People * Leonardo Torres y Quevedo''' FILE:Leonardo Torres Quevedo (MUNCYT, Eulogia Merle).jpg|border|right|thumb|240px| Leonardo Torres y Queve..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[People]] * Leonardo Torres y Quevedo'''
[[FILE:Leonardo Torres Quevedo (MUNCYT, Eulogia Merle).jpg|border|right|thumb|240px| Leonardo Torres y Quevedo <ref>Portrait of Leonardo Torres y Quevedo by [https://eulogiamerle.com/ Eulogia Merle], September 02, 2011, Source: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_para_la_Ciencia_y_la_Tecnolog%C3%ADa Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons]</ref> ]]
'''Leonardo Torres y Quevedo''', (December 28, 1852 – December 18, 1936)<br/>
was an Spanish engineer and mathematician, influenced by the work of the English mathematician [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbage Charles Babbage] (1791-1871) and his [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_engine analytical engine]. Torres was most famous for the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Aerocar Aero Cable Car] on the Canadian side of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_River Niagara River] and analogue calculating machines.
In 1910 he began (other sources state 1890, or 1901) to construct a chess automaton, [[El Ajedrecista]] (The Chessplayer). In [[Timeline#1912|1912]] it was able to automatically play a white king and rook against the black king. A second, mechanical but not algorithmic improved El Ajedrecista was built by Leonardo Torres Quevedo's son '''Gonzalo''' in 1922, under the direction of his father. At the 1951 Paris Cybernetic Congress the advanced machine was introduced to a greater audience and explained to [[Norbert Wiener]] <ref>[http://web.mit.edu/mindell/www/ David Mindell], [http://jerome-segal.de/ Jérôme Segal], [http://web.mit.edu/slava/homepage/ Slava Gerovitch] ('''2003'''). ''[http://www.infoamerica.org/documentos_word/shannon-wiener.htm Cybernetics and Information Theory in the United States, France and the Soviet Union]''. in [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Walker Mark Walker], [http://books.google.com/books/about/Science_and_Ideology.html?id=0Nz7Gs-C-9MC&redir_esc=y Science and Ideology]: A Comparative History » [[Claude Shannon]], [[Norbert Wiener]], covers the 1951 Paris Cybernetic Congress</ref>.
=IEEE Recognition=
On March 17, 2007, the [[IEEE|Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE) recognized Torres’ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_control#History Telekine] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_P%C3%A9rez_Yuste Antonio Pérez Yuste], [http://www.ieeeaps.org/offandadcom.html Magdalena Salazar Palma] ('''2004'''). ''The First Wireless Remote-Control: The Telekine of Torres Quevedo''. [http://www.torresquevedo.org/LTQ10/images/Yuste.pdf pdf]</ref> with an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IEEE_milestones IEEE Milestone] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering Electrical Engineering] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing Computing] <ref>[http://wvegter.hivemind.net/abacus/CyberHeroes/Quevedo.htm Cyber Heroes of the past: Leonardo Torres y Quevedo]</ref>. The dedication was held at the Torres Quevedo Museum of Engineering, Institute of Civil Engineering, [[Technical University of Madrid|Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]] <ref>[http://www.torresquevedo.org/LTQ10/images/TelekinoMilestone2007.pdf Torres-Quevedo Museum of Engineering - Early Developments in Remote-Control, 1901 - The Telekine] (pdf, Spanish/English) [http://www.caminos.upm.es/ Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos] (Institute of Civil Engineering) - [[Technical University of Madrid|Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]]</ref>, where also a functional [[El Ajedrecista]] can be visited <ref>[http://www.upm.es/institucional/UPM/MuseosUPM/MuseoTorresQuevedo Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Museo "Torres Quevedo"]</ref>.
=Publications=
* [[Henri Vigneron]] ('''1914'''). ''Les Automates''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Nature La Nature], [http://cyberneticzoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Automates-La-Nature-Torres-1914.pdf pdf] from [http://cyberneticzoo.com/ cyberneticzoo.com], Translation by [[David Levy]] as ''Robots'' in [[David Levy]], [[Monroe Newborn]] ('''1982'''). ''All About Chess and Computers''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer], pp. 14-23, also in [[David Levy]] (ed.) ('''1988'''). ''[[Computer Chess Compendium]]'', pp. 273-278.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Randell Brian Randell] ('''1982'''). ''From Analytical Engine to Electronic Digital Computer: The Contributions of Ludgate, Torres, and Bush''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_Annals_of_the_History_of_Computing Annals of the History of Computing], Vol. 4, No. 4, [http://www.cs.newcastle.ac.uk/research/pubs/articles/papers/398.pdf pdf] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_Engine Analytical Engine from Wikipedia]</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Ludgate Percy Ludgate from Wikipedia]</ref> <ref>[[Mathematician#VannevarBush|Vannevar Bush]]</ref>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_P%C3%A9rez_Yuste Antonio Pérez Yuste], [http://grema.webs.tsc.uc3m.es/magdalena-salazar-palma/ Magdalena Salazar Palma] ('''2004'''). ''The First Wireless Remote-Control: The Telekine of Torres Quevedo''. [http://www.torresquevedo.org/LTQ10/images/Yuste.pdf pdf]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_Torres_y_Quevedo Leonardo Torres y Quevedo from Wikipedia]
* [http://wvegter.hivemind.net/abacus/CyberHeroes/Quevedo.htm Cyber Heroes of the past: Leonardo Torres y Quevedo]
* [http://history-computer.com/People/TorresBio.html History of Computers and Computing, Babbage, Leonardo Torres]
* [http://www.torresquevedo.org/LTQ10/index.php?title=Portada Torres Quevedo] (Spanish)
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Pioneer|Torres y Quevedo]]
[[FILE:Leonardo Torres Quevedo (MUNCYT, Eulogia Merle).jpg|border|right|thumb|240px| Leonardo Torres y Quevedo <ref>Portrait of Leonardo Torres y Quevedo by [https://eulogiamerle.com/ Eulogia Merle], September 02, 2011, Source: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_para_la_Ciencia_y_la_Tecnolog%C3%ADa Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons]</ref> ]]
'''Leonardo Torres y Quevedo''', (December 28, 1852 – December 18, 1936)<br/>
was an Spanish engineer and mathematician, influenced by the work of the English mathematician [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbage Charles Babbage] (1791-1871) and his [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_engine analytical engine]. Torres was most famous for the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Aerocar Aero Cable Car] on the Canadian side of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_River Niagara River] and analogue calculating machines.
In 1910 he began (other sources state 1890, or 1901) to construct a chess automaton, [[El Ajedrecista]] (The Chessplayer). In [[Timeline#1912|1912]] it was able to automatically play a white king and rook against the black king. A second, mechanical but not algorithmic improved El Ajedrecista was built by Leonardo Torres Quevedo's son '''Gonzalo''' in 1922, under the direction of his father. At the 1951 Paris Cybernetic Congress the advanced machine was introduced to a greater audience and explained to [[Norbert Wiener]] <ref>[http://web.mit.edu/mindell/www/ David Mindell], [http://jerome-segal.de/ Jérôme Segal], [http://web.mit.edu/slava/homepage/ Slava Gerovitch] ('''2003'''). ''[http://www.infoamerica.org/documentos_word/shannon-wiener.htm Cybernetics and Information Theory in the United States, France and the Soviet Union]''. in [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Walker Mark Walker], [http://books.google.com/books/about/Science_and_Ideology.html?id=0Nz7Gs-C-9MC&redir_esc=y Science and Ideology]: A Comparative History » [[Claude Shannon]], [[Norbert Wiener]], covers the 1951 Paris Cybernetic Congress</ref>.
=IEEE Recognition=
On March 17, 2007, the [[IEEE|Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE) recognized Torres’ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_control#History Telekine] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_P%C3%A9rez_Yuste Antonio Pérez Yuste], [http://www.ieeeaps.org/offandadcom.html Magdalena Salazar Palma] ('''2004'''). ''The First Wireless Remote-Control: The Telekine of Torres Quevedo''. [http://www.torresquevedo.org/LTQ10/images/Yuste.pdf pdf]</ref> with an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IEEE_milestones IEEE Milestone] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering Electrical Engineering] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing Computing] <ref>[http://wvegter.hivemind.net/abacus/CyberHeroes/Quevedo.htm Cyber Heroes of the past: Leonardo Torres y Quevedo]</ref>. The dedication was held at the Torres Quevedo Museum of Engineering, Institute of Civil Engineering, [[Technical University of Madrid|Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]] <ref>[http://www.torresquevedo.org/LTQ10/images/TelekinoMilestone2007.pdf Torres-Quevedo Museum of Engineering - Early Developments in Remote-Control, 1901 - The Telekine] (pdf, Spanish/English) [http://www.caminos.upm.es/ Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos] (Institute of Civil Engineering) - [[Technical University of Madrid|Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]]</ref>, where also a functional [[El Ajedrecista]] can be visited <ref>[http://www.upm.es/institucional/UPM/MuseosUPM/MuseoTorresQuevedo Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Museo "Torres Quevedo"]</ref>.
=Publications=
* [[Henri Vigneron]] ('''1914'''). ''Les Automates''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Nature La Nature], [http://cyberneticzoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Automates-La-Nature-Torres-1914.pdf pdf] from [http://cyberneticzoo.com/ cyberneticzoo.com], Translation by [[David Levy]] as ''Robots'' in [[David Levy]], [[Monroe Newborn]] ('''1982'''). ''All About Chess and Computers''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer], pp. 14-23, also in [[David Levy]] (ed.) ('''1988'''). ''[[Computer Chess Compendium]]'', pp. 273-278.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Randell Brian Randell] ('''1982'''). ''From Analytical Engine to Electronic Digital Computer: The Contributions of Ludgate, Torres, and Bush''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_Annals_of_the_History_of_Computing Annals of the History of Computing], Vol. 4, No. 4, [http://www.cs.newcastle.ac.uk/research/pubs/articles/papers/398.pdf pdf] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_Engine Analytical Engine from Wikipedia]</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Ludgate Percy Ludgate from Wikipedia]</ref> <ref>[[Mathematician#VannevarBush|Vannevar Bush]]</ref>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_P%C3%A9rez_Yuste Antonio Pérez Yuste], [http://grema.webs.tsc.uc3m.es/magdalena-salazar-palma/ Magdalena Salazar Palma] ('''2004'''). ''The First Wireless Remote-Control: The Telekine of Torres Quevedo''. [http://www.torresquevedo.org/LTQ10/images/Yuste.pdf pdf]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_Torres_y_Quevedo Leonardo Torres y Quevedo from Wikipedia]
* [http://wvegter.hivemind.net/abacus/CyberHeroes/Quevedo.htm Cyber Heroes of the past: Leonardo Torres y Quevedo]
* [http://history-computer.com/People/TorresBio.html History of Computers and Computing, Babbage, Leonardo Torres]
* [http://www.torresquevedo.org/LTQ10/index.php?title=Portada Torres Quevedo] (Spanish)
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Pioneer|Torres y Quevedo]]
