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a German engineer and computer pioneer <ref>[[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''1990'''). ''An Interview with Konrad Zuse.'' [[ICGA Journal#13_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 13, No. 2]]</ref>. His greatest achievement was the world's first functional program-controlled [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing-complete Turing-complete] computer, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z3_%28computer%29 Z3], in 1941. Between 1943 and 1945 Zuse designed the high-level programming language [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plankalk%C3%BCl Plankalkül] <ref>[[Raúl Rojas]], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/g/G=ouml=ktekin:C=uuml=neyt.html Cüneyt Göktekin], [http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/%7Efractor/homepage/About_Me.html Gerald Friedland], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mike_Kr%C3%BCger Mike Krüger], [http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/groups/ag-ti/members/scharf.html Ludmila Scharf], [http://www.feinarbeit.de/ Olaf Langmack], [http://www.linkedin.com/pub/denis-kuniss/9/792/303 Denis Kuniß] ('''2000'''). ''[http://www.zib.de/zuse/Inhalt/Programme/Plankalkuel/Plankalkuel-Report/Plankalkuel-Report.htm Plankalkül: The First High-Level Programming Language and its Implementation]'', [[Free University of Berlin]]</ref> , first published about in 1948. Since 1941 Zuse worked on chess playing algorithms and formulated program routines <ref>[[Mathematician#Bauer|Friedrich L. Bauer]] ('''2000'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=351209.351223&coll=DL&dl=GUIDE&CFID=75486307&CFTOKEN=41804850 The Plankalkül of Konrad Zuse - revisited]''. in [http://www.lib.muohio.edu/multifacet/record/mu3ugb2811208 The first computers : history and architectures] edited by [[Raúl Rojas]] and [http://www.deutsches-museum.de/forschung/wissenschaftl-mitarbeiter/ebene1/ebene2/dr-ulf-hashagen/ Ulf Hashagen], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press MIT Press]</ref> in Plankalkül in [[Timeline#1945|1945]].
His [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculating_Space Calculating Space] <ref>Konrad Zuse ('''1969'''). ''Rechnender Raum''. Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn. [http://www.zib.de/zuse/Inhalt/Texte/Chrono/60er/Pdf/76scan.pdf pdf], ('''1970'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculating_Space Calculating Space]'', MIT Technical Translation AZT-70-164-GEMIT, [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_MAC#Project_MAC Project MAC])</ref> started the field of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_physics Digital Physics] in 1969, later popularized and extended by [[Edward Fredkin]], [[Jürgen Schmidhuber]] <ref>[http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/digitalphysics.html Zuse's Thesis - Zuse hypothesis - Algorithmic Theory of Everything - Digital Physics, Rechnender Raum (Computing Space, Computing Cosmos) - Computable Universe - The Universe is a Computer - Theory of Everything] by [[Jürgen Schmidhuber]]</ref> and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Wolfram [Mathematician#SWolfram|Stephen Wolfram]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Zuse#Calculating_Space Konrad Zuse | Calculating Space from Wikipedia]</ref>.
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=Plankalkül and Chess=
