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Kalah

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=Kalah in AI=
Kalah has a long history in [[Artificial Intelligence]] research. First Kalah programs were already written in the 60s, [[Alex Bell]] popularized Kalah programming in 1968 <ref>[[Alex Bell]] ('''1968'''). ''[http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acl/literature/reports/p003.htm Kalah on Atlas]''. [http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acl/literature/reports/overview.htm Literature: Reports] hosted by [[Atlas Computer Laboratory]]</ref>. In 1968, [[James R. Slagle]] and [[Philip Bursky]] used Kalah in [[James R. Slagle#TheoremProving|Theorem-Proving]] <ref>[[James R. Slagle]] and , [[Philip Bursky]] ('''1968'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=321444 Experiments With a Multipurpose, Theorem-Proving Heuristic Program]''. [[ACM#Journal|Journal of the ACM]], Vol. 15, No. 1</ref>, and in 1970, Slagle and [[John K. Dixon|Dixon]] illustrated their [[James R. Slagle#MNprocedure|M & N search algorithm]] with Kalah as well <ref>[[James R. Slagle]] and , [[John K. Dixon]] ('''1970'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=362052.362054 Experiments with the M & N Tree-Searching Program]''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 147-154</ref>.
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=Jugend forscht=
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Frielinghaus Paul Erich Frielinghaus], a German actor, developed a Kalah program (he called the game Serata) as High School student in 1978 and participated in the German youth science competition [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugend_forscht Jugend forscht] <ref>[httphttps://www.jugend-forscht.de/stiftung-jugend-forscht-e-v/historie/erfolgreiche-ehemalige/dr-lessing-loest-jeden-fall.html Jugend forscht | Dr. Lessing löst jeden Fall - Paul Erich Frielinghaus - 5. Preis Mathematik/Informatik 1978] (German)</ref>.
=Solving Kalah=
=Selected Publications=
* [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/s/Silver:Roland.html Roland Silver] ('''1961'''). ''The Kalah Game Playing Program''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation Digital Equipment Corporation], [http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp1/memos/M-1098_Kalah_Mar61.pdf pdf], and PDP Application Note as [http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/DEC/pdp-1/DEC.pdp_1.1961.102645673.pdf pdf]
* R. Russell ('''1964'''). ''Kalah- the game and program''. Stanford artificial intelligence projectArtificial Intelligence Project, Memo. No. 22.
* [[Alex Bell]] ('''1968'''). ''[http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acl/literature/reports/p003.htm Kalah on Atlas]''. [http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acl/literature/reports/overview.htm Literature: Reports] hosted by [[Atlas Computer Laboratory]]
* [[James R. Slagle]], [[Philip Bursky]] ('''1968'''). ''[httphttps://portaldl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=321444 Experiments With a Multipurpose, Theorem-Proving Heuristic Program]''. [[ACM#Journal|Journal of the ACM]], Vol. 15, No. 1 <ref>[http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS?service=UI&version=1.0&verb=Display&handle=euclid.jsl/1183737432 Cooper: Review: James R. Slagle, Philip Bursky, Experiments with a Multipurpose, Theorem-Proving Heuristic Program]</ref>
* [[James R. Slagle]], [[John K. Dixon]] ('''1969'''). ''Experiments With Some Programs That Search Game Trees''. [[ACM#Journal|Journal of the ACM]], Vol. 16, No. 2, [http://wiki.cs.pdx.edu/wurzburg2009/nfp/abmin.pdf pdf]
* [[James R. Slagle]], [[John K. Dixon]] ('''1970'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=362052.362054 Experiments with the M & N Tree-Searching Program]''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 13, No. 3
* [[Geoffrey Irving]], [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]] ('''2000'''). ''Solving Kalah''. [[5th Computer Olympiad#Workshop|5th Computer Olympiad Workshop]]
* [[Geoffrey Irving]], [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]] ('''2000'''). ''Solving Kalah''. [[ICGA Journal]]#23_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 23, No. 3, [http://naml.us/~irving/papers/irving2000_kalah.pdf pdf]]* [[Wee -Chong Oon]], [[Yew Jin Lim]] ('''2003'''). ''An Investigation on Piece Differential Information in Co-Evolution on Games Using Kalah.'' Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC2003), Vol. 3, [http://www.yewjin.com/storage/papers/Kalah_CEC2003.pdf pdf]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalah Kalah from Wikipedia]
* [http://mancala.wikia.com/wiki/Kalah Kalah] from [http://mancala.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page Mancala World]
* [http://www.fdg.unimaas.nl/educ/donkers/games/kalah/ Kalah page] by [[Jeroen Donkers]]* [http://www.gamesmuseumhealthy.uwaterloo.ca/museum/VirtualExhibits/countcap/pages/kalah.html Kalah: A Commercial Count and Capture Game] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliott_Avedon_Museum_and_Archive_of_Games Elliott Avedon Museum and Archive of Games], [[University of Waterloo]]
* [http://kalaha.krus.dk/ Solving (6,6)-Kalaha] by [[Anders Carstensen]], first published April 14, 2011

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