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'''Kaissa''', (Russian: Каисса)
the famous chess program developed from [[Timeline#1970|1970]] at the Moscow [[Institute of Control Sciences]] by a group of researchers around [[Mikhail Donskoy]] and authors of the former [[ITEP Chess Program]]. In 1972 it was named after the goddess of chess [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caissa Ca%C3%AFssa Caïssa] and won the [[WCCC 1974|1st World Computer Chess Championship]] 1974 in Stockholm, where it ran on an [[IBM 360]] compatible [[ICL 4-70|ICL 4/70]]. Kaissa was a quite sophisticated program for that time. It was a [[Type A Strategy|Shannon Type A program]], using [[Bitboards]] for the internal [[Board Representation|board representation]] and advanced search techniques, notably already the idea of [[Null Move Pruning|null move pruning]] <ref>[[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Mikhail Donskoy]] ('''1975'''). ''Some Methods of Controlling the Tree Search in Chess Programs''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 361-371. Reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]]</ref> <ref>[[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Mikhail Donskoy]] ('''1977'''). ''On the Structure of an Important Class of Exhaustive Problems and Methods of Search Reduction for them''. [[Advances in Computer Chess 1]].</ref>.
=Photos & Games=
[[File:Kaissa_Baisley_Donskoy.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbd92710]]
[[Alan Baisley]] (left) faces [[Mikhail Donskoy]], Round 2 [[WCCC 1974]], [[Tech|Tech 2]] vs [[Kaissa]] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbd92710 Kaissa at the 1st World Computer Chess Championship in Stockholm], Photo by [[Monroe Newborn]], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
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[[File:ArlazarovUshkovDonskoy.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc15a4a7]]
[[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Anatoly Uskov]], and [[Mikhail Donskoy]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow Moscow] 1980 <ref>[[Tony Marsland]], [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]] ('''1981'''). ''A brighter future for Soviet computer chess?'' [[ICGA Journal#4_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 4, No. 1]], [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~tony/OldPapers/Marsland-Newborn-1981.pdf pdf]</ref> <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc15a4a7 Arlazarov, Uskov, and Donskoy in Moscow 1980], Gift of [[Monroe Newborn]], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
[[File:AdelsonVelsky.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc168f00]]
Computer chess pioneer [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]] at chalkboard in Moscow 1980 <ref>[[Tony Marsland]], [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]] ('''1981'''). ''A brighter future for Soviet computer chess?'' [[ICGA Journal#4_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 4, No. 1]], [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~tony/OldPapers/Marsland-Newborn-1981.pdf pdf]</ref> <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc168f00 Computer chess pioneer Adelson-Velsky at chalkboard in Moscow 1980], Photo by [[Monroe Newborn]], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
| for each square, the strong square is the one, which is attacked by a pawn of one color and never may be attacked by a pawn of opposite color <ref>Not every square of the board may be the strong one. The squares which may be strong for the White are the following: b6, b7, c5, c6, c7, d5, d6, d7, e5, e6 ,e7, f5, f6, f7, g6, g7. For the Black the symmetry holds</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
| for each pawn, these are pawns behind the strong squares
| [[Rook on Open File|Rooks on semiopen files]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 25
| for each rook ||
|-
| Rooks attacks on open files
|
|-
| [[Castling rightsRights|Castle right]] lost
| style="text-align:right;" | -60
|
| Pieces [[Mobility|mobility]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
| for each attack ||
|-
| [[Passed Pawn|Passed pawn]] [[Blockade of Stop|blocks]]
* [[Null Move Pruning#History|History of Null Move Pruning]]
* [[Evaluation Overlap#Kaissa|Kaissa]] from [[Evaluation Overlap]] by [[Mark Watkins]]
* [[Walter Faxon]]
* [[Tony Marsland]], [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]] ('''1981'''). ''A brighter future for Soviet computer chess?'' [[ICGA Journal#4_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 4, No. 1]], [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~tony/OldPapers/Marsland-Newborn-1981.pdf pdf]
* [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky|Г.М. Адельсон-Вельский]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov|В.Л. Арлазаров]], [[Alexander Bitman|А.Р. Битман]], [[Mikhail Donskoy|М.В. Донской]] ('''1983'''). ''Машина играет в шахматы''. [http://genes1s.net/files/kaissa.pdf pdf] (book with detailed explanations of Kaissa algorithms, language: Russian)
* [[Mathematician#Landis|Evgenii Landis]], [[Mathematician#Yaglom|Isaak Yaglom]] ('''1987'''). ''Remembering A.S. Kronrod''. ('''2002'''). Translation by Viola Brudno, Edited by [http://www.cstranslatorscafe.purdue.educom/people/faculty/wxgcafe/ member16949.htm Viola Brudno], Edited by [[Mathematician#WaGautschi|Walter Gautschi]], [httphttps://dipwww.suncs.ac.za/%7Elaurie/sccm00-01.ps.gz zipped ps], [http://sccm.stanfordpurdue.edu/pubhomes/sccmwxg/sccm00-01Kronrod.ps.gz zipped ps]
* [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Mikhail Donskoy]] ('''1988'''). ''Algorithms for Games''. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY. ISBN 3-540-96629-3
* [http://www.cs.toronto.edu/%7Ebrudno/ Michael Brudno] ('''2000'''). ''Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess'', [http://www.cs.toronto.edu/%7Ebrudno/essays/cchess.pdf pdf]
=Forum Posts=
* [httphttps://groups.google.com/groupd/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/browse_frm/thread6fW4CaesCVI/e9f5b809a7ac0952 LCQcjEpaI4kJ Kaissa & Botvinik] by [[Shay Bushinsky]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], October 16, 1997
* [http://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=105999 Re: What Chess programs existed in the '60s?] by [[David Blackman]], [[CCC]], April 14, 2000
* [http://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=210429 KAISSA for PC, I'm the proud owner] by Joshua Lee, [[CCC]], January 28, 2002
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one Level]]'''[[Category:EnginesNamesake]]
[[Category:Mythology]]
