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the famous chess program developed from [[Timeline#1970|1970]] at the Moscow [[Institute of Control Sciences]] by a group of researchers around [[Mikhail Donskoy]] and authors of the former [[ITEP Chess Program]]. In 1972 it was named after the goddess of chess [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%AFssa Caïssa] and won the [[WCCC 1974|1st World Computer Chess Championship]] 1974 in Stockholm, where it ran on an [[IBM 360]] compatible [[ICL 4-70|ICL 4/70]]<ref>[https://www.computer-museum.ru/articles/materialy-mezhdunarodnoy-konferentsii-sorucom-2017/1733/ Five ICL computers for the Soviet Union] (Russian)</ref> <ref>[https://a-jelly.livejournal.com/429560.html IBM or ICL?] (Russian)</ref>. Kaissa was a quite sophisticated program for that time. It was a [[Type A Strategy|Shannon Type A program]], using [[Bitboards]] for the internal [[Board Representation|board representation]] and advanced search techniques, notably already the idea of [[Null Move Pruning|null move pruning]] <ref>[[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Mikhail Donskoy]] ('''1975'''). ''Some Methods of Controlling the Tree Search in Chess Programs''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 361-371. Reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]]</ref> <ref>[[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Mikhail Donskoy]] ('''1977'''). ''On the Structure of an Important Class of Exhaustive Problems and Methods of Search Reduction for them''. [[Advances in Computer Chess 1]].</ref>.

directly working on the program <ref>[httphttps://www.computer-museum.ru/histsoftgames/kaissa1.htm История “Каиссы” Михаил Донской] see [[#HistoryofKaissa|History of Kaissa]]</ref> :

* A. Baraev<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/AdelsonVelsky/photos/a.316678225153119/316678128486462/ A. Baraev] In the photo at the ICL computer console together with Marianna Rozenfeld (the names are indicated in the photo in the magazine "64" 1974, №33, p.1, [http://publ.lib.ru/ARCHIVES/SH/%27%2764_-_shahmatnoe_obozrenie%27%27/_%27%2764_-_shahmatnoe_obozrenie%27%27.html#1974 link] )</ref>* A. Leman<ref>[https://ichi.pro/ru/zabytaa-istoria-sovetskogo-ii-82419796384991 Andrey Leman] (Russian)</ref>* M. Rozenfeld<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/AdelsonVelsky/photos/a.316678225153119/316678128486462/ Marianna Rozenfeld] In the photo at the ICL computer console together with A. Baraev (the names are indicated in the photo in the magazine "64" 1974, №33, p.1, [http://publ.lib.ru/ARCHIVES/SH/%27%2764_-_shahmatnoe_obozrenie%27%27/_%27%2764_-_shahmatnoe_obozrenie%27%27.html#1974 link] )</ref>

by [[Mikhail Donskoy]] (1999) <ref>[httphttps://www.computer-museum.ru/histsoftgames/kaissa1.htm|История “Каиссы” Михаил Донской] from [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]] (no longer available) translated with the help of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babel_Fish_%28website%29 Babel Fish] and [http://www.online-translator.com/text_Translation.aspx promt translator]</ref> <ref>[http://adamant1.fromru.com/kaissa.html|"Каисса" - Историю программы рассказывает один из ее создателей Михаил Донской]] - [http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ru&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fadamant1.fromru.com%2Fkaissa.html|Kaissa]] by [[Mikhail Donskoy]], translated by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate Google Translate]</ref>:

By now it is already difficult to represent the era of mainframes - the large computers, each of which occupied decent bay but at the beginning of the 70th this was to be all the rage. In those years the computers only began to appear in the regions distant from the military needs. In the USSR for incomprehensible reasons were [[ICL 4-70|produced copies]] of the computers of the British company [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Computers_Limited|ICL]] (but not the then legislator of modes - [[IBM]]) at that time.

| [[Rook On on Seventh|Rook on seventh rank]]

* [http://www.chess.com/blog/billwall/kaissa-computer-chess-program KAISSA] by [[Bill Wall]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com [Chess.com]], December 29, 2011

* [httphttps://adamant1www.fromrucomputer-museum.comru/games/kaissakaissa1.html htm "Каисса" - Историю программы рассказывает один из ее создателей Михаил Донской] - (Russian)* [http://translatewww.googlecomputer-museum.comru/games/translate?sl=ru&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fadamant1.fromru.com%2Fkaissadonchess.html Kaissahtm История компьютерных игр] by from the [[Mikhail DonskoyRussian Virtual Computer Museum]], translated by (Russian)* [https://enwww.wikipediasvoboda.org/wikia/24203756.html Компьютерные программы, как конец спортивных шахмат] (Russian)* [https://gorod.tomsk.ru/Google_Translate Google Translateindex-1232431930.php Михаил Донской: "Шахматные программы перестали быть искусственным интеллектом, как только научились прилично играть"](Russian)