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'''Kaissa''', (Russian: Каисса)
the famous chess program developed from [[Timeline#1970|1970]] at the Moscow [[Institute of Control Sciences]] by a group of researchers around [[Mikhail Donskoy]] and authors of the former [[ITEP Chess Program]]. In 1972 it was named after the goddess of chess [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caissa Ca%C3%AFssa Caïssa] and won the [[WCCC 1974|1st World Computer Chess Championship]] 1974 in Stockholm, where it ran on an [[IBM 360]] compatible [[ICL 4-70|ICL 4/70]]<ref>[https://www.computer-museum.ru/articles/materialy-mezhdunarodnoy-konferentsii-sorucom-2017/1733/ Five ICL computers for the Soviet Union] (Russian)</ref> <ref>[https://a-jelly.livejournal.com/429560.html IBM or ICL?] (Russian)</ref>. Kaissa was a quite sophisticated program for that time. It was a [[Type A Strategy|Shannon Type A program]], using [[Bitboards]] for the internal [[Board Representation|board representation]] and advanced search techniques, notably already the idea of [[Null Move Pruning|null move pruning]] <ref>[[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Mikhail Donskoy]] ('''1975'''). ''Some Methods of Controlling the Tree Search in Chess Programs''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 361-371. Reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]]</ref> <ref>[[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Mikhail Donskoy]] ('''1977'''). ''On the Structure of an Important Class of Exhaustive Problems and Methods of Search Reduction for them''. [[Advances in Computer Chess 1]].</ref>.
=Photos & Games=
[[File:Kaissa_Baisley_Donskoy.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbd92710]]
[[Alan Baisley]] (left) faces [[Mikhail Donskoy]], Round 2 [[WCCC 1974]], [[Tech|Tech 2]] vs [[Kaissa]] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbd92710 Kaissa at the 1st World Computer Chess Championship in Stockholm], Photo by [[Monroe Newborn]], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
<pre>
</pre>
[[File:ArlazarovUshkovDonskoy.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link="http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc15a4a7]]
[[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Anatoly Uskov]], and [[Mikhail Donskoy]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow Moscow] 1980 <ref>[[Tony Marsland]], [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]] ('''1981'''). ''A brighter future for Soviet computer chess?'' [[ICGA Journal#4_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 4, No. 1]], [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~tony/OldPapers/Marsland-Newborn-1981.pdf pdf]</ref> <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc15a4a7 Arlazarov, Uskov, and Donskoy in Moscow 1980], Gift of [[Monroe Newborn]], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
[[File:AdelsonVelsky.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc168f00]]
Computer chess pioneer [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]] at chalkboard in Moscow 1980 <ref>[[Tony Marsland]], [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]] ('''1981'''). ''A brighter future for Soviet computer chess?'' [[ICGA Journal#4_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 4, No. 1]], [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~tony/OldPapers/Marsland-Newborn-1981.pdf pdf]</ref> <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc168f00 Computer chess pioneer Adelson-Velsky at chalkboard in Moscow 1980], Photo by [[Monroe Newborn]], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
=Further Authors=
directly working on the program <ref>[httphttps://www.computer-museum.ru/histsoftgames/kaissa1.htm История “Каиссы” Михаил Донской] see [[#HistoryofKaissa|History of Kaissa]]</ref> :
* [[Anatoly Uskov]]
* [[Alexander Bitman]]
* A. Baraev<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/AdelsonVelsky/photos/a.316678225153119/316678128486462/ A. Baraev] In the photo at the ICL computer console together with Marianna Rozenfeld (the names are indicated in the photo in the magazine "64" 1974, №33, p.1, [http://publ.lib.ru/ARCHIVES/SH/%27%2764_-_shahmatnoe_obozrenie%27%27/_%27%2764_-_shahmatnoe_obozrenie%27%27.html#1974 link] )</ref>* A. Leman<ref>[https://ichi.pro/ru/zabytaa-istoria-sovetskogo-ii-82419796384991 Andrey Leman] (Russian)</ref>* M. Rozenfeld<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/AdelsonVelsky/photos/a.316678225153119/316678128486462/ Marianna Rozenfeld] In the photo at the ICL computer console together with A. Baraev (the names are indicated in the photo in the magazine "64" 1974, №33, p.1, [http://publ.lib.ru/ARCHIVES/SH/%27%2764_-_shahmatnoe_obozrenie%27%27/_%27%2764_-_shahmatnoe_obozrenie%27%27.html#1974 link] )</ref>
=<span id="HistoryofKaissa"></span>History of Kaissa=
by [[Mikhail Donskoy]] (1999) <ref>[httphttps://www.computer-museum.ru/histsoftgames/kaissa1.htm|История “Каиссы” Михаил Донской] from [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]] (no longer available) translated with the help of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babel_Fish_%28website%29 Babel Fish] and [http://www.online-translator.com/text_Translation.aspx promt translator]</ref> <ref>[http://adamant1.fromru.com/kaissa.html|"Каисса" - Историю программы рассказывает один из ее создателей Михаил Донской]] - [http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ru&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fadamant1.fromru.com%2Fkaissa.html|Kaissa]] by [[Mikhail Donskoy]], translated by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate Google Translate]</ref>:
==Introduction==
By now it is already difficult to represent the era of mainframes - the large computers, each of which occupied decent bay but at the beginning of the 70th this was to be all the rage. In those years the computers only began to appear in the regions distant from the military needs. In the USSR for incomprehensible reasons were [[ICL 4-70|produced copies]] of the computers of the British company [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Computers_Limited|ICL]] (but not the then legislator of modes - [[IBM]]) at that time.
One of them felt in [[Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics|ITEP]], where it was necessary for the group of [[Vladimir Arlazarov|Arlazarov]] to be the trailblazers of package multitasking on the computer. Thus as far the programmers worked with that code, it became obvious, to use appropriate programming languages. Specifically, it was necessary, because multitasking did not allow the traditional at that time manual fastening of regions memory behind areas of program code and variables. However, the programming languages (FORTRAN and Assembler) seemed by violence above the creative thought. As a result an expensive and powerful (for those times) technology stayed almost always.
==Kaissa: The chronology of the events==
[[Timeline#1963|1963]] (1961) - beginning of the works on the first Soviet chess program in the [[Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics]] (ITEP) in the laboratory under [[Alexander Kronrod|Alexander Kronrod's]] management. The first authors - [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Alexander Bitman]], [[Alexander Zhivotovsky]], [[Anatoly Uskov]], A. Leman, M. Rozenfeld.
[[Timeline#1967|1967]] - first international match of chess programs. Competed the program ITEP and the program of [[Stanford University]], made under the management [[John McCarthy]]. McCarthy is famous fact that in 1952 on the beach in San Diego together with [[Alan Turing]] devised the word combination of "Artificial Intelligence", and fact that he is the author of the language Lisp - the first programming language, specially created for the tasks in the problems of artificial intelligence. Regulations of the [[Stanford-ITEP Match|match]] - four games. From the side of Stanford played one and the same version, from the ITEP side - two, which were being distinguished by the depth of search. Moves were transferred by the telegraph once a week (this to those- that times from "yadernogo" institute!). Match continued entire year and ended with the score the 3:1 in favor of ITEP.
[[Timeline#1969|1969]] (1968) - a [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8 letter ] in support of mathematician [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Esenin-Volpin Esenin-Volpin] (son of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Yesenin poet]) and his incorrect psychiatric confinement, among others signed by [[Alexander Kronrod]] and [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]]. As a result, the laboratory was disbanded and its major portion under [[Vladimir Arlazarov|Vladimir Arlazarov's]] management, but without Kronrod, after a certain time he settled in [[Institute of Control Sciences]] (ICF).
[[Timeline#1970|1970]] - the mechanic mathematical department of [[Moscow State University|MGU]] finished the entire group of the students of [[Alexander Kronrod]] and [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], that was being occupied in the famous seminar for discrete algorithms. Sums of the seminar:
| for each square, the strong square is the one, which is attacked by a pawn of one color and never may be attacked by a pawn of opposite color <ref>Not every square of the board may be the strong one. The squares which may be strong for the White are the following: b6, b7, c5, c6, c7, d5, d6, d7, e5, e6 ,e7, f5, f6, f7, g6, g7. For the Black the symmetry holds</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:right;" | 10
| for each pawn, these are pawns behind the strong squares
|
|-
| [[Rook On on Seventh|Rook on seventh rank]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 40
|
| [[Rook on Open File|Rooks on semiopen files]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 25
| for each rook ||
|-
| Rooks attacks on open files
|
|-
| [[Castling rightsRights|Castle right]] lost
| style="text-align:right;" | -60
|
| Pieces [[Mobility|mobility]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
| for each attack ||
|-
| [[Passed Pawn|Passed pawn]] [[Blockade of Stop|blocks]]
=See also=
* [[ITEP_Chess_Program|ITEP Chess Program]]
* [[David Levy#ScotchVersusVodka|Scotch versus Vodka]] - one of [[David Levy|David Levy's]] bets
* [[Bitboards#BitboardHistory|Bitboard History]]
* [[History|History of Computer Chess]]
* [[Null Move Pruning#History|History of Null Move Pruning]]
* [[Evaluation Overlap#Kaissa|Kaissa]] from [[Evaluation Overlap]] by [[Mark Watkins]]
* [[Walter Faxon]]
=Publications=
==1970 ...==
* [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]] ('''1974'''). ''Methods of strengthening chess programs.'' in Problems of Cybernetic, No. 29 , pp. 167-168
: [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky|Г.М. Адельсон-Вельский]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov|В.Л. Арлазаров]] ('''1974'''). ''Методы усиления шахматных программ.''/ Сб. Проблемы кибернетики №29, стр. 167-168
* [[Mikhail Donskoy]] ('''1974'''). ''About the program playing chess.'' in Problems of Cybernetic, No. 29 , pp. 169-200
: [[Mikhail Donskoy|М.В. Донской]] ('''1974'''). ''О программе играющей в шахматы.''/ Сб. Проблемы кибернетики №29, стр. 169-200
* [http://www.mathnet.ru/php/person.phtml?option_lang=eng&personid=96114 Ya. Yu. Gol'fand], [[Aaron L. Futer]] ('''1974'''). ''Implementation of the opening book for the chess program.'' in Problems of Cybernetic, No. 29 , pp. 201-210
: Я.Ю. Гольфанд, [[Aaron L. Futer|А.Л. Футер]] ('''1974'''). ''Реализация дебютной справочной для шахматной программы.''/ Сб. Проблемы кибернетики №29, стр. 201-210
* [[Edward Komissarchik]], [[Aaron L. Futer]] ('''1974'''). ''On the analysis of the queen endgame using a computer.'' in Problems of Cybernetic, No. 29 , pp. 211-220
: [[Edward Komissarchik|Э.А. Комиссарчик]], [[Aaron L. Futer|А.Л. Футер]] ('''1974'''). ''Об анализе ферзевого эндшпиля при помощи ЭВМ.''/ Сб. Проблемы кибернетики №29, стр. 211-220, English translation by [[Christian Posthoff]], revised in [[ICGA Journal#9_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 9, No. 4]]
* R. Guter, [[Mikhail Donskoy]] ('''1974'''). ''The machine plays chess.'' in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvant_(magazine) Kvant], No. 11, 12, pp. 17-22, 34-38
: Р.С. Гутер, [[Mikhail Donskoy|М.В. Донской]] ('''1974'''). ''Машина играет в шахматы.'' в журн. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvant_(magazine) Квант] № 11, 12, стр. 17-22, 34-38
* [[Mikhail Donskoy]], V. Khenkin ('''1974'''). ''Stockholm evenings. The nights of Kaissa.'' in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64_(magazine) 64], No. 33, pp. 4-7
: [[Mikhail Donskoy|М.В. Донской]], В. Хенкин ('''1974'''). ''Стокгольмские вечера. Ночи Каиссы.'' в журн. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64_(magazine) 64] № 33, стр. 4-7
* V. Tumanov, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Averbakh Yuri Averbakh] ('''1974'''). ''The tale has come true.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakhmaty_v_SSSR Shakhmaty v SSSR], No. 10, 16–17
: В. Туманов, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Averbakh Ю. Авербах] ('''1974'''). ''Сказка стала былью.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakhmaty_v_SSSR Шахматы в СССР] № 10, 16–17
==1975 ...==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Averbakh Yuri Averbakh] ('''1975'''). ''Kaissa's four victories.'' in [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%E2%80%94_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0 Znanie - sila], No. 1, pp. 30-32
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Averbakh Ю. Авербах] ('''1975'''). ''Четыре победы Каиссы.'' в журн. [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%E2%80%94_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0 Знание - сила], № 1, стр. 30-32
* V. Khenkin ('''1975'''). ''Kaissa is the world champion.'' in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauka_i_Zhizn Nauka i Zhizn], No. 1, pp. 118-124
: В. Хенкин ('''1975'''). ''"Каисса" - чемпион мира.'' в журн. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauka_i_Zhizn Наука и жизнь], № 1, стр. 118-124
* [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Mikhail Donskoy]] ('''1975'''). ''Some Methods of Controlling the Tree Search in Chess Programs''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Ingelligence], Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 361-371. Reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]] <ref>[http://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=19469 Method of Analogies??] by Bruce Cleaver, [[CCC]], May 29, 1998</ref>
* [[Monroe Newborn]] ('''1975'''). ''Computer Chess''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_Press Academic Press], New York, N.Y. ISBN 0-125-17250-8.
* [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Mikhail Donskoy]] ('''1977'''). ''On the Structure of an Important Class of Exhaustive Problems and Methods of Search Reduction for them''. [[Advances in Computer Chess 1]]
* [[Peter Jennings]] ('''1978'''). ''The Second World Computer Chess Championships - Where KAISSA Founders on a Bug and CHESS 4.6 Conquers All''. » [[WCCC 1977]], [[Chess (Program)|Chess]]
* [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Mikhail Donskoy]] ('''1978'''). ''Chess game programming.'' in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herald_of_the_Russian_Academy_of_Sciences Herald of the RAoS], No. 4 , pp. 82-91, [https://www.ras.ru/FStorage/download.aspx?Id=6ec533b1-a7f6-42a7-82bd-48dffec3ea0d doc]
: [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky|Г.М. Адельсон-Вельский]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov|В.Л. Арлазаров]], [[Mikhail Donskoy|М.В. Донской]] ('''1978'''). ''Программирование шахматной игры.''/ Сб. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herald_of_the_Russian_Academy_of_Sciences Вестник РАН], №4, стр. 82-91, [https://www.ras.ru/FStorage/download.aspx?Id=6ec533b1-a7f6-42a7-82bd-48dffec3ea0d doc]
==1980 ...==
* [[Mikhail Donskoy]] ('''1980'''). ''From Russia with Games''. [[Personal Computing#4_5|Personal Computing, Vol. 4, No. 5]], pp. 77
* [[Tony Marsland]], [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]] ('''1981'''). ''A brighter future for Soviet computer chess?'' [[ICGA Journal#4_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 4, No. 1]], [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~tony/OldPapers/Marsland-Newborn-1981.pdf pdf]
* [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky|Г.М. Адельсон-Вельский]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov|В.Л. Арлазаров]], [[Alexander Bitman|А.Р. Битман]], [[Mikhail Donskoy|М.В. Донской]] ('''1983'''). ''Машина играет в шахматы''. [http://genes1s.net/files/kaissa.pdf pdf] (book with detailed explanations of Kaissa algorithms, language: Russian)
* [[Mathematician#Landis|Evgenii Landis]], [[Mathematician#Yaglom|Isaak Yaglom]] ('''1987'''). ''Remembering A.S. Kronrod''. ('''2002'''). Translation by Viola Brudno, Edited by [http://www.cstranslatorscafe.purdue.educom/people/faculty/wxgcafe/ member16949.htm Viola Brudno], Edited by [[Mathematician#WaGautschi|Walter Gautschi]], [httphttps://dipwww.suncs.ac.za/%7Elaurie/sccm00-01.ps.gz zipped ps], [http://sccm.stanfordpurdue.edu/pubhomes/sccmwxg/sccm00-01Kronrod.ps.gz zipped ps]* [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Mikhail Donskoy]] ('''1988'''). ''[https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-4612-3796-9 Algorithms for Games]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer-Verlag, New York, NY. ISBN 3-540-96629-3]
* [http://www.cs.toronto.edu/%7Ebrudno/ Michael Brudno] ('''2000'''). ''Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess'', [http://www.cs.toronto.edu/%7Ebrudno/essays/cchess.pdf pdf]
=Forum Posts=
* [httphttps://groups.google.com/groupd/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/browse_frm/thread6fW4CaesCVI/e9f5b809a7ac0952 LCQcjEpaI4kJ Kaissa & Botvinik] by [[Shay Bushinsky]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], October 16, 1997
* [http://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=105999 Re: What Chess programs existed in the '60s?] by [[David Blackman]], [[CCC]], April 14, 2000
* [http://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=210429 KAISSA for PC, I'm the proud owner] by Joshua Lee, [[CCC]], January 28, 2002
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaissa Kaissa from Wikipedia]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20071221115817/http://classicchess.googlepages.com/Chess.htm Classic Computer Chess - ... The programs of yesteryear]] by [[Carey Bloodworth|Carey]], hosted by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Archive Internet Archive] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=56938&start=2 Re: Old programs CHAOS and USC] by [[Dann Corbit]], [[CCC]], July 11, 2015</ref>
* [http://www.chess.com/blog/billwall/kaissa-computer-chess-program KAISSA] by [[Bill Wall]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com [Chess.com]], December 29, 2011
* [http://sites.google.com/site/grekochess/ GreKo - Download] has a Kaissa [[IBM PC|PC]] port in [[C|Turbo C]] from 1992, hosted by [[Vladimir Medvedev]]
* [httphttps://adamant1www.fromrucomputer-museum.comru/games/kaissakaissa1.html htm "Каисса" - Историю программы рассказывает один из ее создателей Михаил Донской] - (Russian)* [http://translatewww.googlecomputer-museum.comru/games/translate?sl=ru&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fadamant1.fromru.com%2Fkaissadonchess.html Kaissahtm История компьютерных игр] by from the [[Mikhail DonskoyRussian Virtual Computer Museum]], translated by (Russian)* [https://enwww.wikipediasvoboda.org/wikia/24203756.html Компьютерные программы, как конец спортивных шахмат] (Russian)* [https://gorod.tomsk.ru/Google_Translate Google Translateindex-1232431930.php Михаил Донской: "Шахматные программы перестали быть искусственным интеллектом, как только научились прилично играть"](Russian)
* [http://www.polit.ru/article/2008/08/20/programmist/ Михаил Донской: Жизненный цикл программиста - ПОЛИТ.РУ] (Russian) [[Mikhail Donskoy]] - [http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ru&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polit.ru%2Farticle%2F2008%2F08%2F20%2Fprogrammist%2F The life cycle of a programmer] translated by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate Google Translate], [https://www.facebook.com/politru polit.ru] August 20, 2008
* [http://acm.mipt.ru/twiki/bin/view/Algorithms/ArlazarovChessHistory Развитие искусственного интеллекта в шахматных программах] (Russian)
* [https://arzamas.academy/materials/2233 Владимир Арлазаров: «Игры помогли нам понять, как человек решает трудные логические задачи»] (Russian)
* Photo: 1) In the computer room of the Institute of Control Sciences in August 1974 [https://www.facebook.com/AdelsonVelsky/photos/a.316678225153119/316678128486462/] and (presumably) in December 1975 [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=936618083023458&set=a.768126203205981] [https://ruchess.ru/upload/7tur/14_4%20Untitled-5R_resize.jpg]. 2) Kaissa's Gold Medal [https://ruchess.ru/upload/7tur/14_5%20%D0%A8_0032-2.jpg].
==Misc==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caissa Caissa (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one Level]]'''[[Category:EnginesMainframe]][[Category:Namesake]]
[[Category:Mythology]]
