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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[People]] * John von Neumann'''
[[FILE:JohnvonNeumann-LosAlamos.gif|border|right|thumb| John von Neumann <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_von_Neumann John von Neumann from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''John von Neumann''', (December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957)<br/>
a Hungarian-born American mathematician. Beside his contributions in a vast range of fields, he was a pioneer in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory game-theory] and computer science and specially noted for the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture computer architecture] with a single storage for instructions and data.
=Chess=
John von Neumann classified chess as two-player [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-sum_(game_theory) zero-sum] game with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_information perfect information] and proved the [[Minimax|minimax]] theorem in [[Timeline#1928|1928]]. Since 1943 von Neumann was member of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Project Manhattan Project] at the [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]. In the early fifties von Neumann developed the [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/MANIAC_I MANIAC I] computer. A group around [[Stanislaw Ulam]], [[Paul Stein]], [[Mark Wells]] and [[John Pasta]] developed the [[MANIAC I|MANIAC I chess program]], which could play [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Alamos_chess Los Alamos chess] <ref>[[Paul Stein]], [[Stanislaw Ulam]] ('''1957'''). ''Experiments in chess on electronic computing machines''. Chess Review, 13 January 1957.</ref> <ref>[[James Kister]], [[Paul Stein]], [[Stanislaw Ulam]], [[William Walden]], [[Mark Wells]] ('''1957'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=320868.320877&coll=DL&dl=GUIDE&CFID=628969023&CFTOKEN=30690604 Experiments in Chess]''. [[ACM#Journal|Journal of the ACM]], Vol. 4, No. 2</ref>.
=See also=
* [[Games]]
* [[History|History of Computer Chess]]
* [[Nils Barricelli]] - [[Nils Barricelli#Video|The Birth of the Computer]]
=Selected Publications=
==1920 ...==
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1923'''). ''Zur Einführung der transfiniten Zahlen''. [[John von Neumann|Acta litt. Acad. Sc. Szeged]], English translation by [[Mathematician#JvHeijenoort|Jean van Heijenoort]] ('''1963'''). ''On the introduction of transfinite numbers''. in ''[http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674324497 From Frege to Godel: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879-1931]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University_Press Harvard University Press]
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1925'''). ''[http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/img/?PID=GDZPPN002169606 Eine Axiomatisierung der Mengenlehre]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crelle%27s_Journal Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik], Band 154, English translation by [[Mathematician#JvHeijenoort|Jean van Heijenoort]] ('''1963'''). ''[https://philpapers.org/rec/VONAAO An Axiomatisation of Set Theory]''. in ''[http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674324497 From Frege to Godel: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879-1931]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University_Press Harvard University Press]
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1928'''). ''[https://eudml.org/doc/159291 Zur Theorie der Gesellschaftsspiele]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematische_Annalen Mathematische Annalen], Vol. 100 <ref>[[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''2005'''). ''Die Entwicklung der Spielprogrammierung: Von John von Neumann bis zu den hochparallelen Schachmaschinen''. [http://www.informatik.hu-berlin.de/studium/ringvorlesung/ss05/slides/05-06-02.pdf slides as pdf], Themen der Informatik im historischen Kontext Ringvorlesung an der [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin HU Berlin], 02.06.2005 (English paper, German title)</ref>
==1930 ...==
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1932'''). ''[http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/img/?PID=PPN379400774 Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer], English translation by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_T._Beyer Robert T. Beyer] ('''1955'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_Foundations_of_Quantum_Mechanics Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press Princeton University Press]
==1940 ...==
* [[John von Neumann]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Morgenstern Oskar Morgenstern] ('''1944'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_Games_and_Economic_Behavior Theory of Games and Economic Behavior]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press Princeton University Press]
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1945'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Draft_of_a_Report_on_the_EDVAC First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC]''. [https://sites.google.com/site/michaeldgodfrey/vonneumann/vnedvac.pdf?attredirects=0&d=1 pdf], introduction by [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=KJcpDPYAAAAJ&hl=en Michael D. Godfrey] ('''1993, 2011'''). [[IEEE#Annals|IEEE Annals of the History of Computing]]
==1950 ...==
* [http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/senate/inmemoriam/georgewbrown.htm George W. Brown], [[John von Neumann]] ('''1950'''). ''Solutions of Games by Differential Equations''. in
: [[Mathematician#HWKuhn|Harold W. Kuhn]], [[Mathematician#AWTucker|Albert W. Tucker]] (eds) ('''1950'''). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=TpbbVU4tA58C&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9780691079349&hl=de&ei=r2i1TabJL8_usgaW-rj7Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Contributions to the Theory of Games I]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press Princeton University Press]
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1951'''). ''Various Techniques used in Connection with Random Digits''. in [[Mathematician#ASHouseholder|A.S. Householder]], [[Mathematician#GEForsythe|G.E. Forsythe]], and [http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=7951 H.H. Germond], eds., ''Monte Carlo Method''. National Bureau of Standards Applied Mathematics Series, Vol. 12, No. 1, [http://www-apr.lip6.fr/~lumbroso/References/VonNeumann51.pdf pdf] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle-square_method Middle-square method from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Mathematician#Borel|Émile Borel]], [[Mathematician#MRFrechet|Maurice R. Fréchet]], [[John von Neumann]] ('''1953'''). ''Discussion of the Early History of the Theory of Games, with Special Reference to the Minimax Theorem''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econometrica Econometrica], Vol. 21, 97-127
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1953'''). ''A Certain Zero-sum Two-person Game Equivalent to the Optimal Assignment Problem''. in
: [[Mathematician#HWKuhn|Harold W. Kuhn]], [[Mathematician#AWTucker|Albert W. Tucker]] (eds) ('''1953'''). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ulrGpTmQ8wQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9780691079356&hl=de&ei=42C1TZquO4nDswa2-vHfDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Contributions to the Theory of Games II]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press Princeton University Press]
* [[Mathematician#DBGillies|Donald B. Gillies]], [[Mathematician#Mayberry|John P. Mayberry]], [[John von Neumann]] ('''1953'''). ''Two Variants of Poker''. in
: [[Mathematician#HWKuhn|Harold W. Kuhn]], [[Mathematician#AWTucker|Albert W. Tucker]] (eds) ('''1953'''). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ulrGpTmQ8wQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9780691079356&hl=de&ei=42C1TZquO4nDswa2-vHfDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Contributions to the Theory of Games II]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press Princeton University Press]
==1955 ...==
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1956'''). ''Probabilistic Logic and the Synthesis of Reliable Organisms From Unreliable Components''. in
: [[Claude Shannon]], [[John McCarthy]] (eds.) ('''1956'''). ''Automata Studies''. [http://press.princeton.edu/math/series/amh.html Annals of Mathematics Studies], No. 34, pp. 43–98, [http://www.dna.caltech.edu/courses/cs191/paperscs191/VonNeumann56.pdf pdf]
* [[Mathematician#HWKuhn|Harold W. Kuhn]], [[Mathematician#AWTucker|Albert W. Tucker]] ('''1958'''). ''[http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS?service=UI&version=1.0&verb=Display&handle=euclid.bams/1183522375 John von Neumann's work in the theory of games and mathematical economics]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_American_Mathematical_Society Bulletin American Mathematical Sociaty] Vol. 64, No. 3, [http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS/Repository/1.0/Disseminate?view=body&id=pdf_1&handle=euclid.bams/1183522375 pdf]
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1958, 2000'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Computer_and_the_Brain The Computer and the Brain]''. [http://www.amazon.com/Computer-Brain-Silliman-Memorial-Lectures/dp/0300084730/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&qid=1298758228&sr=8-5 Second Edition] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com amazon.com]
==1960 ...==
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1963'''). ''Various techniques used in connection with random digits''. von Neumann's Collected Works, Vol. 5, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamon_Press Pergamon Press], [https://dornsifecms.usc.edu/assets/sites/520/docs/VonNeumann-ams12p36-38.pdf pdf] » [[Pseudorandom Number Generator]]
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1966'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1102024 Theory of self-reproducing automata]''. edited by [[Mathematician#Burks|Arthur W. Burks]], [http://www.wjzeng.net/Ref/VonNeumann_TheoryOfSelfReproducingAutomata.pdf pdf]
==2000 ...==
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''2005'''). ''Die Entwicklung der Spielprogrammierung: Von John von Neumann bis zu den hochparallelen Schachmaschinen''. [http://www.informatik.hu-berlin.de/studium/ringvorlesung/ss05/slides/05-06-02.pdf slides as pdf], Themen der Informatik im historischen Kontext Ringvorlesung an der [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin HU Berlin], 02.06.2005 (English paper, German title)
* [http://ideas.repec.org/e/ple21.html Robert Leonard] ('''2006'''). ''From Chess to Catastrophe: Psychology, Politics and the Genesis of von Neumann’s Game Theory''. CIRST, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Qu%C3%A9bec_%C3%A0_Montr%C3%A9al Université du Québec à Montréal], [http://www.cirst.uqam.ca/Portals/0/docs/note_rech/2006_04.pdf pdf]
* [http://ideas.repec.org/e/ple21.html Robert Leonard] ('''2007'''). ''New Light on von Neumann: politics, psychology and the creation of game theory''. [http://www.cesmep.unito.it/WP/2007/7_WP_Cesmep.pdf pdf]
==2010 ...==
* [http://ideas.repec.org/e/ple21.html Robert Leonard] ('''2010'''). ''[http://www.cambridge.org/asia/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521562669&ss=fro Von Neumann, Morgenstern, and the Creation of Game Theory - From Chess to Social Science, 1900–1960]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press Cambridge University Press]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Copeland B. Jack Copeland], [http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/ucresearchprofile/researcher.aspx?researcherid=84367 Diane Proudfoot] ('''2011-2012'''). ''[http://www.rutherfordjournal.org/article040101.html Turing, Father of the Modern Computer]''. [http://www.rutherfordjournal.org/index.html The Rutherford Journal - The New Zealand Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology], Vol. 4 » with photos of [[Alan Turing]], [[John von Neumann]], [[Dietrich Prinz]], [[Christopher Strachey]], [[Jack Good]], [[Arthur Samuel]], [[Herbert Simon]], [[Allen Newell]], ...
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_von_Neumann John von Neumann from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_von_Neumann John von Neumann - Wikiquote]
* [http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=53213 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - John (Janos) von Neumann]
* [http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/vonNeumannPhoto.shtml John von Neumann] from the [http://www.atomicarchive.com/index.shtml Atomic Archive]
* [http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/VonNeumann.html John Louis von Neumann] © [http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~janlee/Janlee.html J. A. N. Lee], 1994-2002.
* [http://46halbe.org/proofEng.html Proof by Erasure - The Life of John von Neumann], Feature Script by [http://waste.informatik.hu-berlin.de/46halbe/default_e.html Constanze Kurz], [http://waste.informatik.hu-berlin.de/46halbe/default_e.html#node3 Hörspiel-Werkstatt]
* John von Neumann, Der Denker des Computer Zeitalters (German), ([https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4960538/?ref_=nm_flmg_dr_1 John Von Neumann, Prophète du XXIème siécle]), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte Arte] [http://programm.ard.de/TV/Themenschwerpunkte/Dokus--Reportagen/Geschichte/Startseite/?sendung=2872415126016067 broadcast 2015], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTbZRcW_iTM|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
==List of Things ...==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_John_von_Neumann List of things named after John von Neumann from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_algebra Von Neumann algebra from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture Von Neumann architecture from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_neighborhood Von Neumann neighborhood from Wikipedia] » [[Manhattan-Distance]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_programming_languages Von Neumann programming languages from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_universe Von Neumann universe from Wikipedia]
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[FILE:JohnvonNeumann-LosAlamos.gif|border|right|thumb| John von Neumann <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_von_Neumann John von Neumann from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''John von Neumann''', (December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957)<br/>
a Hungarian-born American mathematician. Beside his contributions in a vast range of fields, he was a pioneer in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory game-theory] and computer science and specially noted for the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture computer architecture] with a single storage for instructions and data.
=Chess=
John von Neumann classified chess as two-player [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-sum_(game_theory) zero-sum] game with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_information perfect information] and proved the [[Minimax|minimax]] theorem in [[Timeline#1928|1928]]. Since 1943 von Neumann was member of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Project Manhattan Project] at the [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]. In the early fifties von Neumann developed the [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/MANIAC_I MANIAC I] computer. A group around [[Stanislaw Ulam]], [[Paul Stein]], [[Mark Wells]] and [[John Pasta]] developed the [[MANIAC I|MANIAC I chess program]], which could play [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Alamos_chess Los Alamos chess] <ref>[[Paul Stein]], [[Stanislaw Ulam]] ('''1957'''). ''Experiments in chess on electronic computing machines''. Chess Review, 13 January 1957.</ref> <ref>[[James Kister]], [[Paul Stein]], [[Stanislaw Ulam]], [[William Walden]], [[Mark Wells]] ('''1957'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=320868.320877&coll=DL&dl=GUIDE&CFID=628969023&CFTOKEN=30690604 Experiments in Chess]''. [[ACM#Journal|Journal of the ACM]], Vol. 4, No. 2</ref>.
=See also=
* [[Games]]
* [[History|History of Computer Chess]]
* [[Nils Barricelli]] - [[Nils Barricelli#Video|The Birth of the Computer]]
=Selected Publications=
==1920 ...==
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1923'''). ''Zur Einführung der transfiniten Zahlen''. [[John von Neumann|Acta litt. Acad. Sc. Szeged]], English translation by [[Mathematician#JvHeijenoort|Jean van Heijenoort]] ('''1963'''). ''On the introduction of transfinite numbers''. in ''[http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674324497 From Frege to Godel: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879-1931]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University_Press Harvard University Press]
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1925'''). ''[http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/img/?PID=GDZPPN002169606 Eine Axiomatisierung der Mengenlehre]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crelle%27s_Journal Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik], Band 154, English translation by [[Mathematician#JvHeijenoort|Jean van Heijenoort]] ('''1963'''). ''[https://philpapers.org/rec/VONAAO An Axiomatisation of Set Theory]''. in ''[http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674324497 From Frege to Godel: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879-1931]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University_Press Harvard University Press]
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1928'''). ''[https://eudml.org/doc/159291 Zur Theorie der Gesellschaftsspiele]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematische_Annalen Mathematische Annalen], Vol. 100 <ref>[[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''2005'''). ''Die Entwicklung der Spielprogrammierung: Von John von Neumann bis zu den hochparallelen Schachmaschinen''. [http://www.informatik.hu-berlin.de/studium/ringvorlesung/ss05/slides/05-06-02.pdf slides as pdf], Themen der Informatik im historischen Kontext Ringvorlesung an der [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin HU Berlin], 02.06.2005 (English paper, German title)</ref>
==1930 ...==
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1932'''). ''[http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/img/?PID=PPN379400774 Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer], English translation by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_T._Beyer Robert T. Beyer] ('''1955'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_Foundations_of_Quantum_Mechanics Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press Princeton University Press]
==1940 ...==
* [[John von Neumann]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Morgenstern Oskar Morgenstern] ('''1944'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_Games_and_Economic_Behavior Theory of Games and Economic Behavior]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press Princeton University Press]
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1945'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Draft_of_a_Report_on_the_EDVAC First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC]''. [https://sites.google.com/site/michaeldgodfrey/vonneumann/vnedvac.pdf?attredirects=0&d=1 pdf], introduction by [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=KJcpDPYAAAAJ&hl=en Michael D. Godfrey] ('''1993, 2011'''). [[IEEE#Annals|IEEE Annals of the History of Computing]]
==1950 ...==
* [http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/senate/inmemoriam/georgewbrown.htm George W. Brown], [[John von Neumann]] ('''1950'''). ''Solutions of Games by Differential Equations''. in
: [[Mathematician#HWKuhn|Harold W. Kuhn]], [[Mathematician#AWTucker|Albert W. Tucker]] (eds) ('''1950'''). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=TpbbVU4tA58C&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9780691079349&hl=de&ei=r2i1TabJL8_usgaW-rj7Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Contributions to the Theory of Games I]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press Princeton University Press]
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1951'''). ''Various Techniques used in Connection with Random Digits''. in [[Mathematician#ASHouseholder|A.S. Householder]], [[Mathematician#GEForsythe|G.E. Forsythe]], and [http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=7951 H.H. Germond], eds., ''Monte Carlo Method''. National Bureau of Standards Applied Mathematics Series, Vol. 12, No. 1, [http://www-apr.lip6.fr/~lumbroso/References/VonNeumann51.pdf pdf] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle-square_method Middle-square method from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Mathematician#Borel|Émile Borel]], [[Mathematician#MRFrechet|Maurice R. Fréchet]], [[John von Neumann]] ('''1953'''). ''Discussion of the Early History of the Theory of Games, with Special Reference to the Minimax Theorem''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econometrica Econometrica], Vol. 21, 97-127
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1953'''). ''A Certain Zero-sum Two-person Game Equivalent to the Optimal Assignment Problem''. in
: [[Mathematician#HWKuhn|Harold W. Kuhn]], [[Mathematician#AWTucker|Albert W. Tucker]] (eds) ('''1953'''). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ulrGpTmQ8wQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9780691079356&hl=de&ei=42C1TZquO4nDswa2-vHfDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Contributions to the Theory of Games II]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press Princeton University Press]
* [[Mathematician#DBGillies|Donald B. Gillies]], [[Mathematician#Mayberry|John P. Mayberry]], [[John von Neumann]] ('''1953'''). ''Two Variants of Poker''. in
: [[Mathematician#HWKuhn|Harold W. Kuhn]], [[Mathematician#AWTucker|Albert W. Tucker]] (eds) ('''1953'''). ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ulrGpTmQ8wQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9780691079356&hl=de&ei=42C1TZquO4nDswa2-vHfDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Contributions to the Theory of Games II]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press Princeton University Press]
==1955 ...==
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1956'''). ''Probabilistic Logic and the Synthesis of Reliable Organisms From Unreliable Components''. in
: [[Claude Shannon]], [[John McCarthy]] (eds.) ('''1956'''). ''Automata Studies''. [http://press.princeton.edu/math/series/amh.html Annals of Mathematics Studies], No. 34, pp. 43–98, [http://www.dna.caltech.edu/courses/cs191/paperscs191/VonNeumann56.pdf pdf]
* [[Mathematician#HWKuhn|Harold W. Kuhn]], [[Mathematician#AWTucker|Albert W. Tucker]] ('''1958'''). ''[http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS?service=UI&version=1.0&verb=Display&handle=euclid.bams/1183522375 John von Neumann's work in the theory of games and mathematical economics]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_American_Mathematical_Society Bulletin American Mathematical Sociaty] Vol. 64, No. 3, [http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS/Repository/1.0/Disseminate?view=body&id=pdf_1&handle=euclid.bams/1183522375 pdf]
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1958, 2000'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Computer_and_the_Brain The Computer and the Brain]''. [http://www.amazon.com/Computer-Brain-Silliman-Memorial-Lectures/dp/0300084730/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&qid=1298758228&sr=8-5 Second Edition] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com amazon.com]
==1960 ...==
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1963'''). ''Various techniques used in connection with random digits''. von Neumann's Collected Works, Vol. 5, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamon_Press Pergamon Press], [https://dornsifecms.usc.edu/assets/sites/520/docs/VonNeumann-ams12p36-38.pdf pdf] » [[Pseudorandom Number Generator]]
* [[John von Neumann]] ('''1966'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1102024 Theory of self-reproducing automata]''. edited by [[Mathematician#Burks|Arthur W. Burks]], [http://www.wjzeng.net/Ref/VonNeumann_TheoryOfSelfReproducingAutomata.pdf pdf]
==2000 ...==
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''2005'''). ''Die Entwicklung der Spielprogrammierung: Von John von Neumann bis zu den hochparallelen Schachmaschinen''. [http://www.informatik.hu-berlin.de/studium/ringvorlesung/ss05/slides/05-06-02.pdf slides as pdf], Themen der Informatik im historischen Kontext Ringvorlesung an der [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin HU Berlin], 02.06.2005 (English paper, German title)
* [http://ideas.repec.org/e/ple21.html Robert Leonard] ('''2006'''). ''From Chess to Catastrophe: Psychology, Politics and the Genesis of von Neumann’s Game Theory''. CIRST, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Qu%C3%A9bec_%C3%A0_Montr%C3%A9al Université du Québec à Montréal], [http://www.cirst.uqam.ca/Portals/0/docs/note_rech/2006_04.pdf pdf]
* [http://ideas.repec.org/e/ple21.html Robert Leonard] ('''2007'''). ''New Light on von Neumann: politics, psychology and the creation of game theory''. [http://www.cesmep.unito.it/WP/2007/7_WP_Cesmep.pdf pdf]
==2010 ...==
* [http://ideas.repec.org/e/ple21.html Robert Leonard] ('''2010'''). ''[http://www.cambridge.org/asia/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521562669&ss=fro Von Neumann, Morgenstern, and the Creation of Game Theory - From Chess to Social Science, 1900–1960]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press Cambridge University Press]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Copeland B. Jack Copeland], [http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/ucresearchprofile/researcher.aspx?researcherid=84367 Diane Proudfoot] ('''2011-2012'''). ''[http://www.rutherfordjournal.org/article040101.html Turing, Father of the Modern Computer]''. [http://www.rutherfordjournal.org/index.html The Rutherford Journal - The New Zealand Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology], Vol. 4 » with photos of [[Alan Turing]], [[John von Neumann]], [[Dietrich Prinz]], [[Christopher Strachey]], [[Jack Good]], [[Arthur Samuel]], [[Herbert Simon]], [[Allen Newell]], ...
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_von_Neumann John von Neumann from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_von_Neumann John von Neumann - Wikiquote]
* [http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=53213 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - John (Janos) von Neumann]
* [http://www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/vonNeumannPhoto.shtml John von Neumann] from the [http://www.atomicarchive.com/index.shtml Atomic Archive]
* [http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/VonNeumann.html John Louis von Neumann] © [http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~janlee/Janlee.html J. A. N. Lee], 1994-2002.
* [http://46halbe.org/proofEng.html Proof by Erasure - The Life of John von Neumann], Feature Script by [http://waste.informatik.hu-berlin.de/46halbe/default_e.html Constanze Kurz], [http://waste.informatik.hu-berlin.de/46halbe/default_e.html#node3 Hörspiel-Werkstatt]
* John von Neumann, Der Denker des Computer Zeitalters (German), ([https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4960538/?ref_=nm_flmg_dr_1 John Von Neumann, Prophète du XXIème siécle]), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte Arte] [http://programm.ard.de/TV/Themenschwerpunkte/Dokus--Reportagen/Geschichte/Startseite/?sendung=2872415126016067 broadcast 2015], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTbZRcW_iTM|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
==List of Things ...==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_John_von_Neumann List of things named after John von Neumann from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_algebra Von Neumann algebra from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture Von Neumann architecture from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_neighborhood Von Neumann neighborhood from Wikipedia] » [[Manhattan-Distance]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_programming_languages Von Neumann programming languages from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_universe Von Neumann universe from Wikipedia]
=References=
<references />
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