Difference between revisions of "Influence Quantity of Pieces"

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[[FILE:SamuelBakIntruder.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://chgs.elevator.umn.edu/asset/viewAsset/57f3b6787d58ae5f74bf8ba9#57f3b6d77d58ae5574bf8bd0|[[:Category:Samuel Bak|Samuel Bak]] - Intruder <ref>[http://chgs.elevator.umn.edu/asset/viewAsset/57f3b6787d58ae5f74bf8ba9#57f3b6d77d58ae5574bf8bd0 Chess in the Art of Samuel Bak] [http://chgs.elevator.umn.edu/ Center for Holocaust & Genocide Studies], [[University of Minnesota]]</ref> ]]
 
[[FILE:SamuelBakIntruder.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://chgs.elevator.umn.edu/asset/viewAsset/57f3b6787d58ae5f74bf8ba9#57f3b6d77d58ae5574bf8bd0|[[:Category:Samuel Bak|Samuel Bak]] - Intruder <ref>[http://chgs.elevator.umn.edu/asset/viewAsset/57f3b6787d58ae5f74bf8ba9#57f3b6d77d58ae5574bf8bd0 Chess in the Art of Samuel Bak] [http://chgs.elevator.umn.edu/ Center for Holocaust & Genocide Studies], [[University of Minnesota]]</ref> ]]
  
The '''influence quantity''' of pieces is defined by their number of unique [[Moves|moves]] with respect to their [[Origin Square|from]]- and [[Target Square|to-square]] coordinates, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinality cardinality] of the set of all possible moves, or [[Mobility#TheValueofReachingaSquare|potential, global]]  [[Mobility|mobility]] <ref>[[Dan Heisman]] ('''1990, 1999, 2010, 2015''').''[http://www.danheisman.com/elements-of-positional-evaluation.html The Positional Elements of Chess]''. Russell Enterprises</ref>. It might be used to enumerate and [[Encoding Moves|encode]] all those moves, i.e. associating each move, per piece and in total, with a unique number for [[Hash Table#MinimalPerfectHashing|minimal perfect hashing]] opposed to intermittent [[Butterfly Boards|Butterfly boards]].
+
The '''influence quantity''' of pieces is defined by their number of unique [[Moves|moves]] with respect to their [[Origin Square|from]]- and [[Target Square|to-square]] coordinates, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinality cardinality] of the set of all possible moves, or [[Mobility#TheValueofReachingaSquare|potential, global]]  [[Mobility|mobility]] <ref>[[Dan Heisman]] ('''1990, 1999, 2010'''). ''[https://www.danheisman.com/elements-of-positional-evaluation.html Elements of Positional Evaluation]''. Russell Enterprises</ref>. It might be used to enumerate and [[Encoding Moves|encode]] all those moves, i.e. associating each move, per piece and in total, with a unique number for [[Hash Table#MinimalPerfectHashing|minimal perfect hashing]] opposed to intermittent [[Butterfly Boards|Butterfly boards]].
  
 
For instance a [[Pawn|pawn]] (including [[Promotions|promotions]]) has 48 (8*6) single pushes and 84 (2*7*6) [[Captures|captures]], plus 8 possible double pushes on each [[Files|file]], which results in a influence quantity of 140 of either white or black pawns.The influence quantities of all pieces are divisible by four times seven (28), excluding pawn and [[King|king]] even by sixteen times seven (112). While obviously the number of [[Queen|queen]] quantities is the sum of [[Rook|rook]]- and [[Bishop|bishop]] quantities, it is at the first glance somehow surprising that the rook quantity is the sum of bishop- and [[Knight|knight]] quantities.  
 
For instance a [[Pawn|pawn]] (including [[Promotions|promotions]]) has 48 (8*6) single pushes and 84 (2*7*6) [[Captures|captures]], plus 8 possible double pushes on each [[Files|file]], which results in a influence quantity of 140 of either white or black pawns.The influence quantities of all pieces are divisible by four times seven (28), excluding pawn and [[King|king]] even by sixteen times seven (112). While obviously the number of [[Queen|queen]] quantities is the sum of [[Rook|rook]]- and [[Bishop|bishop]] quantities, it is at the first glance somehow surprising that the rook quantity is the sum of bishop- and [[Knight|knight]] quantities.  
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* [[Mathematician#Coxeter|H. S. M. Coxeter]] ('''1940'''). ''Mathematical Recreations and Essays''. from the [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/26839 original] by [[Mathematician#WWRouseBall|W. W. Rouse Ball]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers Macmillan]
 
* [[Mathematician#Coxeter|H. S. M. Coxeter]] ('''1940'''). ''Mathematical Recreations and Essays''. from the [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/26839 original] by [[Mathematician#WWRouseBall|W. W. Rouse Ball]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers Macmillan]
 
* [[Jack Good]] ('''1968'''). ''A Five-Year Plan for Automatic Chess - Appendix F. The Value of the Pieces and Squares''. [http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~shm/MI/mi2.html Machine Intelligence Vol. 2]
 
* [[Jack Good]] ('''1968'''). ''A Five-Year Plan for Automatic Chess - Appendix F. The Value of the Pieces and Squares''. [http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~shm/MI/mi2.html Machine Intelligence Vol. 2]
* [[Dan Heisman]] ('''1990, 1999, 2010, 2015''').''[http://www.danheisman.com/elements-of-positional-evaluation.html The Positional Elements of Chess]''. Russell Enterprises
+
* [[Dan Heisman]] ('''1990, 1999, 2010'''). ''[https://www.danheisman.com/elements-of-positional-evaluation.html Elements of Positional Evaluation]''. Russell Enterprises
 
* Peter Orantek ('''2008'''). ''[http://www.127jupiter.com/ Encyclopedia of Chess-Prehistory - Programming Language Chess]''.
 
* Peter Orantek ('''2008'''). ''[http://www.127jupiter.com/ Encyclopedia of Chess-Prehistory - Programming Language Chess]''.
  

Latest revision as of 16:33, 2 July 2021

Home * Chess * Pieces * Influence Quantity

Samuel Bak - Intruder [1]

The influence quantity of pieces is defined by their number of unique moves with respect to their from- and to-square coordinates, the cardinality of the set of all possible moves, or potential, global mobility [2]. It might be used to enumerate and encode all those moves, i.e. associating each move, per piece and in total, with a unique number for minimal perfect hashing opposed to intermittent Butterfly boards.

For instance a pawn (including promotions) has 48 (8*6) single pushes and 84 (2*7*6) captures, plus 8 possible double pushes on each file, which results in a influence quantity of 140 of either white or black pawns.The influence quantities of all pieces are divisible by four times seven (28), excluding pawn and king even by sixteen times seven (112). While obviously the number of queen quantities is the sum of rook- and bishop quantities, it is at the first glance somehow surprising that the rook quantity is the sum of bishop- and knight quantities.

Moves per Origin

Following table gives the distinct number of moves per piece and origin square and their sums from the lower left quarter of a board (a1-d4) and in total for the whole board:

    Knight          King            Bishop          Rook            Queen
     4  6  8  8      5  8  8  8      7  9 11 13     14 14 14 14     21 23 25 27
     4  6  8  8      5  8  8  8      7  9 11 11     14 14 14 14     21 23 25 25
     3  4  6  6      5  8  8  8      7  9  9  9     14 14 14 14     21 23 23 23
     2  3  4  4      3  5  5  5      7  7  7  7     14 14 14 14     21 21 21 21

sum 13 19 26 26     18 29 29 29     28 34 38 40     56 56 56 56     84 90 94 96
    84 = 3 * 4*7   105 = 3 *5*7   140 = 5 * 4*7   224 = 8 * 4*7   364 = 13 * 4*7
   336             420            560             896            1456

Whole Board Diagrams

Whole board tables cover pawn, knight, king and sliding pieces, and their file-, rank and total sums:

White pawn total                      white pawn a2                         white pawn d2
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+     +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+     +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |     |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |     |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 22  | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |   |   | 17  | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 22
| 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 22  | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |   |   |   | 14  | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 22
| 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 22  | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |   |   |   |   | 11  | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |   | 20
| 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 22  | 2 | 3 | 3 |   |   |   |   |   |  8  |   | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |   |   | 15
| 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 22  | 2 | 3 |   |   |   |   |   |   |  5  |   |   | 3 | 3 | 3 |   |   |   |  9
| 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 30  | 3 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |  3  |   |   |   | 4 |   |   |   |   |  4
|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |     |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |     |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+     +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+     +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
 13  19  19  19  19  19  19  13  140   13  15  12   9   6   3           58    6  12  15  19  15  12   9   4   92

Knight                                                                      King
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+                                           +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 26                                        | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 36
| 3 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 38                                        | 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 58
| 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 52                                        | 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 58
| 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 52                                        | 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 58
| 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 52                                        | 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 58
| 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 52                                        | 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 58
| 3 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 38                                        | 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 58
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 26                                        | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 36
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+                                           +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
 26  38  52  52  52  52  38  26  336                                         36  58  58  58  58  58  58  36  420

Bishop                                Rook                                  Queen
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+     +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+     +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 56  |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112  |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |168
| 7 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 68  |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112  |21 |23 |23 |23 |23 |23 |23 |21 |180
| 7 | 9 |11 |11 |11 |11 | 9 | 7 | 76  |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112  |21 |23 |25 |25 |25 |25 |23 |21 |188
| 7 | 9 |11 |13 |13 |11 | 9 | 7 | 80  |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112  |21 |23 |25 |27 |27 |25 |23 |21 |192
| 7 | 9 |11 |13 |13 |11 | 9 | 7 | 80  |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112  |21 |23 |25 |27 |27 |25 |23 |21 |192
| 7 | 9 |11 |11 |11 |11 | 9 | 7 | 76  |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112  |21 |23 |25 |25 |25 |25 |23 |21 |188
| 7 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 68  |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112  |21 |23 |23 |23 |23 |23 |23 |21 |180
| 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 56  |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112  |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |168
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+     +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+     +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
 56  68  76  80  80  76  68  56  560  112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112  896  168 180 188 192 192 188 180 168 1456

Board Circles

The concentric "circles" around the center with their respective influence sums of sliding pieces:

Bishop Circles                        Rook Circles                          Queen Circles
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+     +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+     +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|              196              |     |              392              |     |              588              |
+   +---+---+---+---+---+---+   +     +   +---+---+---+---+---+---+   +     +   +---+---+---+---+---+---+   +
|   |          180          |   |     |   |          280          |   |     |   |          460          |   |
+   +   +---+---+---+---+   +   +     +   +   +---+---+---+---+   +   +     +   +   +---+---+---+---+   +   +
|   |   |      132      |   |   |     |   |   |      168      |   |   |     |   |   |      300      |   |   |
+   +   +   +---+---+   +   +   +     +   +   +   +---+---+   +   +   +     +   +   +   +---+---+   +   +   +
|   |   |   |   52  |   |   |   |     |   |   |   |   56  |   |   |   |     |   |   |   |  108  |   |   |   |
+   +   +   +       +   +   +   +     +   +   +   +       +   +   +   +     +   +   +   +       +   +   +   +
|   |   |   | 4*13  |   |   |   |     |   |   |   | 4*14  |   |   |   |     |   |   |   | 4*27  |   |   |   |
+   +   +   +---+---+   +   +   +     +   +   +   +---+---+   +   +   +     +   +   +   +---+---+   +   +   +
|   |   |    12*11      |   |   |     |   |   |    12*14      |   |   |     |   |   |    12*25      |   |   |
+   +   +---+---+---+---+   +   +     +   +   +---+---+---+---+   +   +     +   +   +---+---+---+---+   +   +
|   |        20* 9          |   |     |   |        20*14          |   |     |   |        20*23          |   |
+   +---+---+---+---+---+---+   +     +   +---+---+---+---+---+---+   +     +   +---+---+---+---+---+---+   +
|            28* 7              |     |            28*14              |     |            28*21              |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+     +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+     +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

Quantities and Point Values

The mentioned move quantities of pawns and pieces only roughly correlate with their point values since the static enumeration of all moves with distinct coordinates does not take into account the reachability of all origin-squares. Only queen and rook can reach any square in at least two moves on the otherwise empty board. Bishop quantities cover all light and dark colored from-squares. While a single bishop is bounded to one square color, its individual influence quantity is therefor divided by two. Also, pawns can only move forward and can not reach each enumerated origin square, which decreases their individual influence accordantly. King and knights can reach every square on the otherwise empty board, but may take more time with respect to distance and knight-distance.

Divisibility by Seven

All influence quantities are divisible by four times seven, thanks to the double pushes. For a rook it is quite obvious, since each of the 64 from squares covers one rank and file each with seven squares left.

Piece # div 4 div 7 div 28
Pawn 140 35 20 5
Knight 336 84 48 12
King 420 105 60 15
Bishops 560 140 80 20
Bishop 280 70 40 10
Rook 896 224 128 32
Queen 1456 364 208 52
N 1792 448 256 64

Fibonacci Spiral

If we only consider pieces with disjoint moves (excluding pawns and king), and the queen as superset of bishop and rook, the influence quantities are even divisible by seven times sixteen, where the remaining quotients from knight to queen are Fibonacci numbers as shown by the Fibonacci spiral [3] [4] .

Chessfibspirale.jpg
Yupana 1.png
Fibonacci spiral [5] Yupana, counting tool of the Incas
Piece covers other pieces # ÷ (7x16)
Knight - 336 3
Bishop queen, king and pawn captures 560 5
Rook queen, king and pawn pushes 896 8
possible queen move coordinates 1456 13
possible from-to move coordinates 1792 16

Analogy in Astronomy

In his esoteric and pseudo scientific touched Encyclopedia of Chess-Prehistory, Peter Orantek [6] mentions a possible connection to astronomy, related to the orbital period of Earth and Venus. The influence quantity of a queen is equivalent to about 4 years (4 x 364 days), while the influence quantity of a rook is equivalent to 224 days x 4 Venus rotations.

FullMoon2010.jpg
Venus-real color.jpg
The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg
Moon Venus 224 Earth 364

In his German text sample [7] , Orantek further elaborates that queen quantities of the four center squares (four times 27) represent four earth moon rotations, while the three concentric rings around the center might related to various synodic periods of the four terrestrial planets. He associates following prime numbers with planets or objects orbiting the Sun [8] :

Prime
number
Piece Engine Planet
or Objects
Symbol Orbital period
in days
Synodic period
in days
3 Knight Black Knight
White Knight
Mercury
Mercury symbol.svg
87.9691 115.88
5 Bishop BlackBishop
The Crazy Bishop
Venus
Venus symbol.svg
224.70069 583.92

(579–589)

13 Queen Queen
Terra
Earth
Earth symbol.svg
365.256366
61 Mars
Mars symbol.svg
686.971 779.96

(764–811)

89 Anubis Asteroids
127 Jupiter Jupiter
Jupiter symbol.svg
4,331.572 398.88
167 Charon
181 Saturn
Saturn symbol.svg
10,759.220 378.09
307 Chiron Chiron
Chiron symbol.svg
18,539.000
487 Uranus
Uranus symbol.svg
30,799.095 369.66
499 Pholus 33,547.410
547 Neptune Neptune
Neptune symbol.svg
60,190.000 367.49
761 Pluto
Pluto symbol.svg
90,613.305 366.73
1307 Transpluto

See also

Move Enumeration

Publications

Forum Posts

External Links

Frank Zappa, George Duke, Napoleon Murphy Brock, Chester Thompson, Tom Fowler, Ruth Underwood, Captain Beefheart

References

  1. Chess in the Art of Samuel Bak Center for Holocaust & Genocide Studies, University of Minnesota
  2. Dan Heisman (1990, 1999, 2010). Elements of Positional Evaluation. Russell Enterprises
  3. The Fibonacci Series - The Series - Fibonacci Spiral In Action
  4. The relative piece values for {N, B, R, Q} of {3, 5, 8, 15} were mentioned by H. M. Taylor (1876). On the Relative Values of the Pieces in Chess. Philosophical Magazine, Series 5, Vol. 1, pp. 221-229 as reported in H. S. M. Coxeter (1940). Mathematical Recreations and Essays. pp. 162-165, from the original by W. W. Rouse Ball, Macmillan, as reported by Jack Good (1968). A Five-Year Plan for Automatic Chess - Appendix F. The Value of the Pieces and Squares. Machine Intelligence Vol. 2
  5. Peter Orantek: Encyclopedia of Chess-Prehistory
  6. Peter Orantek: Encyclopedia of Chess-Prehistory - Programming Language Chess
  7. Peter 0rantek: Encyclopedia of Chess-Prehistory - Decoded prehistorical books of Chess (pdf text sample)
  8. Peter 0rantek: Encyclopedia of Chess-Prehistory - Decoded prehistorical books of Chess - Contents (pdf)
  9. Clay animation by Bruce Bickford
  10. Kelly Fisher Lowe (2006). The Words and Music of Frank Zappa. Praeger Publishers, pp. 119 The lyrics to "Inca Roads" are absurdist in the extreme. They veer wildly from spacey - "Did a vehicle / Come from somewhere out there / Just to land in the Andes?," which both Watson and Courrier claim Zappa's satire on the popular-at-the-time book Chariots of the Gods? ...
  11. Nazca Lines from Wikipedia

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