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an early Soviet chess program, developed since [[Timeline#19631961|19631961]] <ref>[http://adamant1.fromru.com/kaissa.html "Каисса" - Историю программы рассказывает один из ее создателей Михаил Донской] - [http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ru&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fadamant1.fromru.com%2Fkaissa.html Kaissa] by [[Mikhail Donskoy]], translated by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate Google Translate]</ref> at [[Alexander Kronrod|Alexander Kronrod’s]] laboratory at the Moscow [[Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics]] ('''ITEP''') by [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Anatoly Uskov]], [[Alexander Zhivotovsky]], A. Leman, M. Rozenfeld and Russian chess master [[Alexander Bitman]] <ref>[[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Alexander Bitman]], [[Alexander Zhivotovsky]], [[Anatoly Uskov]] ('''1970'''). ''Programming a Computer to Play Chess''. [http://iopscience.iop.org/0036-0279/25/2 Russian Mathematical Surveys, Vol. 25], pp. 221-262</ref>, to run under the Soviet [[M-20]] computer. According to the description of the [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]], the ITEP Chess Program was developed for the [[M-2]] <ref>[http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/m2.htm The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2] from the [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]]</ref> and , which seems wrong since all primary sources mention the Chess Program was written for the M-20 <ref>[[MGeorgy Adelson-20Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Alexander Bitman]], [[Alexander Zhivotovsky]], [[Anatoly Uskov]] computers('''1970'''). ''Programming a Computer to Play Chess''. [http://iopscience.iop.org/0036-0279/25/2 Russian Mathematical Surveys, Vol. 25], pp. 221-262</ref>.

In 1965, while [[John McCarthy]] visited the Soviet Union, he was challenged by Kronrod, who considered the [[Kotok-McCarthy-Program]] to be the best program in the United States at the time <ref>[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~brudno/ Michael Brudno] ('''2000'''). ''Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess'', [http://www.cs.toronto.edu/%7Ebrudno/essays/cchess.pdf pdf]</ref>. At the end of 1966 the [[Stanford-ITEP Match|four game match]] was arranged between Kotok-McCarthy, running on a [[IBM 7090]] computer, and the ITEP Program on a [[M-220]] <ref>[http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/m2.htm The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2] from [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]]</ref>. The match played over nine months was won 3-1 by the ITEP Program, which searches either three (first two games) or five plies (improved version) ahead. =Photos=[[FILE:ItepTeamTV.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|800px|link=#Video]] [[Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics|ITEP]] team during TV interview, November 24, 1967, [[M-20]] in the background, from left:<br/>[[Anatoly Uskov]], [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], interviewer, [[Alexander Bitman]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]] and [[Alexander Zhivotovsky]] <ref>Image captured from the [[#Video|Video В шахматы "играет" ЭВМ. Телевизионные новости. Эфир 24.11.1967]], 3:03</ref>

* [http://adamant1.fromru.com/kaissa.html "Каисса" - Историю программы рассказывает один из ее создателей Михаил Донской] - [http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ru&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fadamant1.fromru.com%2Fkaissa.html Kaissa] by [[Mikhail Donskoy]], translated by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate Google Translate]* [http://www.polit.ru/article/2008/08/20/programmist/ Михаил Донской: Жизненный цикл программиста - ПОЛИТ.РУ] (Russian) [[Mikhail Donskoy]] - The life cycle of a programmer, [httphttps://translatewww.googlefacebook.com/translate?sl=politru polit.ru&tl] August 20, 2008* <span id="Video"></span>The computer "plays" chess. TV news, November 24, 1967, [https://en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video: В шахматы "играет" ЭВМ. Телевизионные новости. Эфир 24.11.1967 <ref>The date of 24.11.1968 in the video title seems wrong. As announced, the interview was taken a week after the end of the [[Stanford-8&u=httpITEP Match]] in 1967. A broadcast in November 1968 is further unlikely due to the famous [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%3AB5%2FD0%2Fwww.polit.ruB2%2FarticleD1%2F20088F%2F08D1%2F2082%2FprogrammistD0%2F The life cycle B8 letter] in support of a programmer] translated by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate Google TranslateAlexander_Esenin-Volpin Esenin-Volpin], [</ref>: {{#evu:https://www.facebookyoutube.com/politru polit.ru] August 20, 2008watch?v=LZEd6ZtSxCo|alignment=left|valignment=top}}