Difference between revisions of "ITEP Chess Program"
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'''The ITEP Chess Program''',<br/> | '''The ITEP Chess Program''',<br/> | ||
| − | an early Soviet chess program, developed since [[Timeline#1963|1963]] <ref>[http://adamant1.fromru.com/kaissa.html "Каисса" - Историю программы рассказывает один из ее создателей Михаил Донской] - | + | an early Soviet chess program, developed since [[Timeline#1963|1963]] <ref>[http://adamant1.fromru.com/kaissa.html "Каисса" - Историю программы рассказывает один из ее создателей Михаил Донской] - Kaissa by [[Mikhail Donskoy]]</ref> at [[Alexander Kronrod|Alexander Kronrod’s]] laboratory at the Moscow [[Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics]] ('''ITEP''') by [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Anatoly Uskov]], [[Alexander Zhivotovsky]], A. Leman, M. Rozenfeld and Russian chess master [[Alexander Bitman]] <ref>[[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Alexander Bitman]], [[Alexander Zhivotovsky]], [[Anatoly Uskov]] ('''1970'''). ''Programming a Computer to Play Chess''. [http://iopscience.iop.org/0036-0279/25/2 Russian Mathematical Surveys, Vol. 25], pp. 221-262</ref>, to run under the Soviet [[M-2]] <ref>[http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/m2.htm The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2] from [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]]</ref> and [[M-20]] computers. |
=Shannon Type A= | =Shannon Type A= | ||
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* [http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/m2.htm The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2] from [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]] | * [http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/m2.htm The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2] from [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]] | ||
* [http://sites.google.com/site/grekochess/ GreKo - Download] has a listing of the ITEP Chess Program for the [[M-20]] computer, hosted by [[Vladimir Medvedev]] | * [http://sites.google.com/site/grekochess/ GreKo - Download] has a listing of the ITEP Chess Program for the [[M-20]] computer, hosted by [[Vladimir Medvedev]] | ||
| − | * [http://adamant1.fromru.com/kaissa.html "Каисса" - Историю программы рассказывает один из ее создателей Михаил Донской] - | + | * [http://adamant1.fromru.com/kaissa.html "Каисса" - Историю программы рассказывает один из ее создателей Михаил Донской] - Kaissa by [[Mikhail Donskoy]] |
| − | * [http://www.polit.ru/article/2008/08/20/programmist/ Михаил Донской: Жизненный цикл программиста - ПОЛИТ.РУ] (Russian) [[Mikhail Donskoy]] - | + | * [http://www.polit.ru/article/2008/08/20/programmist/ Михаил Донской: Жизненный цикл программиста - ПОЛИТ.РУ] (Russian) [[Mikhail Donskoy]] - The life cycle of a programmer, [https://www.facebook.com/politru polit.ru] August 20, 2008 |
=References= | =References= | ||
Revision as of 09:11, 8 June 2019
Home * Engines * ITEP Chess Program
The ITEP Chess Program,
an early Soviet chess program, developed since 1963 [1] at Alexander Kronrod’s laboratory at the Moscow Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) by Georgy Adelson-Velsky, Vladimir Arlazarov, Anatoly Uskov, Alexander Zhivotovsky, A. Leman, M. Rozenfeld and Russian chess master Alexander Bitman [2], to run under the Soviet M-2 [3] and M-20 computers.
Contents
Shannon Type A
The ITEP Program already was a Shannon Type A program, encouraged by Kronrod’s "general recursive search scheme", and by Alexander Brudno's description of the Alpha-Beta algorithm [4].
Stanford-ITEP
In 1965, while John McCarthy visited the Soviet Union, he was challenged by Kronrod, who considered the Kotok-McCarthy-Program to be the best program in the United States at the time [5]. At the end of 1966 the four game match was arranged between Kotok-McCarthy, running on a IBM 7090 computer, and the ITEP Program on a M-2 [6]. The match played over nine months was won 3-1 by the ITEP Program, which searches either three (first two games) or five plies (improved version) ahead.
Kaissa
By 1971, Mikhail V. Donskoy joined with Arlazarov and Uskov to program its successor on an ICL System 4/70 at the Institute of Control Sciences, called Kaissa, which became the first World Computer Chess Champion at the WCCC 1974 in Stockholm.
Quotes
Donskoy
Quote from Mikhail Donskoy's life cycle of a programmer [7]:
When I was in high school I learned to program on the M-20 ... In the group of programmers at Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, where computing work was done on nuclear physics on the M-20, they came up with arrays, lists, the need for subroutines and more. One of my teachers, Georgy Adelson-Velsky came up with a hash memory. Details can be found in another of my teachers - Alexander Kronrod "Conversations about programming". Even before Dijkstra's basic principles of structured programming was known, Alexander Brudno published the book "Programming in meaningful notation." There was also created the first chess program ... The chess program ITEP, the predecessor of Kaissa fit in memory of M-20, namely in 4096 cells, each of which has a 48-bit ...
Yershov
Quote from Biography AS Kronrod by Alexander Yershov [8]
In 1958, Kronrod, Adelson-Velsky, and Landis selected "Snap" ("подкидного дурака") as the intellectual foundations for the development of the game heuristic programming [9]. The program itself was a fiasco - but the basic principles (board games, search techniques and limited depth) were formulated. Further research laboratories in the field of game theory culminated in the first ever chess duel between the program of the Institute of Soviet and American best program developed at Stanford University under the direction of J. McCarthy. By telegraph match was played in four games ended 3-1 in favor of our institute. At the time, chess became a guinea pig for all programmers interested in artificial intelligence.
External Links
- The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2 from Russian Virtual Computer Museum
- GreKo - Download has a listing of the ITEP Chess Program for the M-20 computer, hosted by Vladimir Medvedev
- "Каисса" - Историю программы рассказывает один из ее создателей Михаил Донской - Kaissa by Mikhail Donskoy
- Михаил Донской: Жизненный цикл программиста - ПОЛИТ.РУ (Russian) Mikhail Donskoy - The life cycle of a programmer, polit.ru August 20, 2008
References
- ↑ "Каисса" - Историю программы рассказывает один из ее создателей Михаил Донской - Kaissa by Mikhail Donskoy
- ↑ Georgy Adelson-Velsky, Vladimir Arlazarov, Alexander Bitman, Alexander Zhivotovsky, Anatoly Uskov (1970). Programming a Computer to Play Chess. Russian Mathematical Surveys, Vol. 25, pp. 221-262
- ↑ The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2 from Russian Virtual Computer Museum
- ↑ Alexander Brudno (1963). Bounds and valuations for shortening the search of estimates. Problemy Kibernetiki (10) 141–150 and Problems of Cybernetics (10) 225–241
- ↑ Michael Brudno (2000). Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess, pdf
- ↑ The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2 from Russian Virtual Computer Museum
- ↑ Михаил Донской: Жизненный цикл программиста - ПОЛИТ.РУ (Russian) Mikhail Donskoy - The life cycle of a programmer translated by Google Translate, polit.ru August 20, 2008
- ↑ Биография А.С. Кронрода (Biography AS Kronrod) by Alexander Yershov
- ↑ Boris Polyak. Memories.
