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Hydra

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=System Hydra=
[[FILE:SystemHydra.png|none|border|text-bottom|580px|link=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_(Schachcomputer)]]
System architecture of Hydra <ref>[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_(Schachcomputer) Hydra (Schachcomputer) – Wikipedia.de] (German)</ref>ran on a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrinet Myrinet] interconnected [[Linux]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_cluster cluster] of four (later eight) dual [[IBM PC|PC]] server nodes able to handle two [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventional_PCI PCI] buses, which are conneced to a FPGA card each, simultaneously. The [[Parallel Search|distributed search]] algorithm ran on the [[x86]] nodes as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_Passing_Interface MPI] [[Process|processes]], where the last three [[Ply|plies]] of an n-ply search including [[Quiescence Search|quiescence]] and all [[Evaluation|evaluations]] are delegated to the FPGA card, typically 100.000 times per second and processor. For further information see the [[Brutus#Description|description]] of [[Brutus]].
=Team Hydra=
=Publications=
* [[Chrilly Donninger]], [[Ulf Lorenz]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://www.springerlink.com/content/hp9la9pwq0a1cmrp/ The Chess Monster Hydra]''. in [http://www.springerlink.com/content/8grv6pu2e8hd/?p=3037c8af6a0147319f6f5a8e133083dd&pi=0 Field Programmable Logic and Application], 14th International Conference, FPL 2004, Leuven, Belgium, August 30-September 1, 2004[https://en. Proceedings, pp 927-932wikipedia. org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-540-22989-6], [http://www2.cswww.unitop-paderborn5000.de/cs/ag-monien/PERSONAL/FLULOnl/publicationsps/fpl04The%20chess%20monster%20Hydra.pdf pdf]
: Abstract
: With the help of the FPGA technology, the boarder between hard- and software has vanished. It is now possible to develop complex designs and fine grained parallel applications without the long-lasting chip design cycles. Additionally, it has become easier to write coarse grained parallel applications with the help of message passing libraries like MPI. The chess program Hydra is a high level hardware-software co-design application which profits from both worlds. We describe the design philosophy, general architecture and performance of Hydra. The time critical part of the search tree, near the leaves, is explored with the help of fine grain parallelism of FPGA cards. For nodes near the root, the search algorithm runs distributed on a cluster of conventional processors. A nice detail is that the FPGA cards allow the implementation of sophisticated chess knowledge without decreasing the computational speed.
* [[Carl Bicknell]] ('''2004'''). ''Interview with Chrilly Donninger, Subject: Hydra''. [[Selective Search]] 113, pp. 19, [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/SS_113.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Mike Watters]]
* [[Chrilly Donninger]], [[Ulf Lorenz]] ('''2005'''). ''The Hydra project''. Xcell Journal, Issue 53, pp. 94–97, [https://www.xilinx.com/publications/archives/xcell/Xcell53.pdf pdf]
* [[ChessBase]], the Editor, [[John Nunn]], [[David Levy]] ('''2005'''). ''Adams Outclassed by HYDRA''. [[ICGA Journal#28_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 28, No. 2]]
* [[David Levy]] ('''2005'''). ''Man vs. Machine – What Next?'' [[ICGA Journal#28_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 28, No. 2]]
* [[Peter Vossen]] ('''2007'''). ''Computer-WM Amsterdam''. [[Computerschach und Spiele|Computerschach und Spiele Online]], [http://computerschach.de/Files/2007/Computer-WM%20Amsterdam%20%281%29.pdf pdf1] <ref>[http://computerschach.de/Files/2007/Computer-WM%20Amsterdam%20%281%29.pdf Part 1] has an interview with [[Chrilly Donninger]] about [[Hydra]]</ref>
* [[Chrilly Donninger]] ('''2007'''). ''Flugstunden mit Ken Thompson''. [https://brigitte-godot.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Flugstunden.pdf pdf] (German)
* [[Ulf Lorenz]], [[Chrilly Donninger|Christian Donninger]], [[Mohammed Nasir Ali|Muhammad N. Ali]], [[Erdogan Günes]], [[Christopher Lutz]] ('''2020'''). ''Hydra: Report and technical overview''. [[ICGA Journal#42_23|ICGA Journal, Vol. 42, Nos. 2-3]]
=Forum Posts=
==Chess Entity==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_%28chess%29 Hydra (chess) from Wikipedia]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080518105542/http://www.hydrachess.com/ Hydrachess.com] ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine Wayback Machine], May 18, 2008)
* [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=87303 Games at chessgames.com]
* [https://www.donau-uni.ac.at/en/aktuell/news/archiv/02436/index.php From Brutus to Hydra - The mathematician Donninger about the evolution of his chess program], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danube_University_Krems Danube University Krems], January 19, 2004
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/nine-headed-monster-wins-paderborn Nine-headed monster wins Paderborn], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], February 15, 2004
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/hydra-shocks-shredder-with-2-0-lead Hydra shocks Shredder with 2-0 lead], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], August 16, 2004
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