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Created page with "'''Home * People * George Baylor''' '''George W. Baylor''',<br/> a retired professor of psychology from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univer..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[People]] * George Baylor'''
'''George W. Baylor''',<br/>
a retired professor of [[Psychology|psychology]] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al University of Montreal]. He is author of a number of papers on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream dreams] <ref>[http://www.angelfire.com/ak/electricdreams/rcwbib96.htm Bibliography of Dream Anthropology]</ref>, and is a consulting editor for the ''ASD journal, Dreaming'' <ref>[http://www.asdreams.org/asdj01.htm ASD journal, Dreaming]</ref> . He has done clinical training in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychosynthesis psychosynthesis] and now offer individual dream intensives at the Mountain Road Retreat in the Eastern Townships of Québec <ref>[http://www.asdreams.org/2002/updated_program_june7.pdf The Association for the Study of Dreams Dreams and Cultures] Dreams and Cultures, Nineteenth Annual International Dream Conference 2002 (pdf)</ref>. George Baylor was a student and friend of [[Herbert Simon]]. As chess player and student at [[Carnegie Mellon University]], Baylor was hired by Simon, to work on his and [[Allen Newell|Newell's]] chess machines. He wrote a ''mating combinations program'', dubbed [[Mater]], which was subject of his Masters thesis, and he later focused on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_psychology cognitive psychology].
=Mater=
'' see main article [[Mater]]''
Abstract from ''A chess mating combinations program'' <ref>[[George Baylor|George W. Baylor]], [[Herbert Simon|Herbert A. Simon]] ('''1966'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1464182.1464233&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE A chess mating combinations program]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Federation_of_Information_Processing_Societies AFIPS] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Computer_Conference Joint Computer Conferences]</ref>:
The program reported here is not a complete chess player; it does not play games. Rather, it is a chess analyst limited to [[Search|searching]] for [[Checkmate|checkmating]] [[Combination|combinations]] in [[Chess Position|positions]] containing [[Tactics|tactical]] possibilities. A combination in chess is a series of forcing moves with sacrifice that ends with an objective advantage for the active side. A checkmating combination, then, is a combination in which that objective advantage is checkmate. Thus the program described here - dubbed [[Mater|MATER]] - given a position, proceeds by [[Move Generation|generating]] that class of forcing moves that put the enemy King in [[Check|check]] or threaten mate in one move, and then by analyzing first those moves that appear most promising.
=Remembrance of Herbert A. Simon=
George W. Baylor on [[Herbert Simon|Herbert A. Simon]] <ref>[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/simon/all.html All Remembrance of Herbert A. Simon]</ref> :
Herb Simon has been such a towering influence and determining force in my life that it is hard to imagine what my life would have been like without him. It was in 1959-60, as a sophomore at Carnegie Institute of Technology, that I first met "Dr. Simon." I mainly played chess, but he and Allen Newell, were programming computers to play chess. I believe we played some games together and I beat him. He said that my "program" was better than his. Then he hired me as a summer research assistant to work on chess machines! A year or two later he sent me to Amsterdam to help translate [[Adriaan de Groot|Adriaan de Groot's]] book on the thought processes of the chess player. When I returned, he directed my masters thesis on a [[Mater|mating combinations program]], which he had already begun with his son, Pete. Like a clever father, he subtly transformed me from an aspiring chess professional - though, more likely, impoverished chess bum - into a cognitive psychologist. He also directed my doctoral dissertation, a computer simulation of some visual mental imagery tasks, though I knew he would have preferred me to continue working on chess. He was stuck with his prediction that a computer would beat the world chess champion within ten years - it took 40. But sons must differentiate themselves from their fathers, mustn't they?
By then it was 1967-68 and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War War in Vietnam] was still raging <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Lai_Massacre Mỹ Lai Massacre from Wikipedia]</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nice The Nice] - [http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=21795 America] (Live on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_One BBC One] "[http://peel.wikia.com/wiki/How_It_Is How It Is]" by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Peel John Peel], 1968), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video<br/>{{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dg9jHTYZ-6U|alignment=left|valignment=top}}</ref>. I went to Canada. Though Simon's views on the war were much less clear-cut than my own, he supported me. He even said that I could defend my thesis by teleconference. Though that proved unnecessary, you can imagine how much that meant to me. We continued to correspond and occasionally saw each other, but our lives diverged, as lives do. Thirty years later, in 1997-98, I returned to Carnegie-Mellon University to do a sabbatical with Herb. It was as though I was his graduate student all over again: I presented my research problems and he helped me solve them; he presented his research and I struggled to understand it. I never really overcame my fear of his staggering intellect, but it mattered less because the love between us was so palpable. This was also the time when he had his major heart operation, and I felt privileged to be near him and Dorothea. He told me a dream he had while in the hospital, and I was thrilled to be able to offer an interpretation - my turn to give. I am so grateful for those months in Pittsburgh. Thank you, Herb. I am so grateful for the decade at C. I. T.: Thank you, Dr. Simon. It is hard to imagine a world without you. May you rest in peace.
'''George W. Baylor'''
Ph.D., University of Montreal, a student and friend
=Selected Publications=
* [[George Baylor|George W. Baylor]] ('''1965'''). ''[http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD0619018 Report on a Mating Combinations Program]''. SDC Paper, No. SP-2150, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif.
* [[George Baylor|George W. Baylor]], [[Herbert Simon|Herbert A. Simon]] ('''1966'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1464182.1464233&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE A chess mating combinations program]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Federation_of_Information_Processing_Societies AFIPS] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Computer_Conference Joint Computer Conferences], reprinted in [[Herbert Simon|Herbert A. Simon]] ('''1979'''). ''[http://yalepress.yale.edu/yupbooks/book.asp?isbn=9780300024326 Models of Thought]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University_Press Yale University Press], pp. 181-200, in [[David Levy]] (ed.) ('''1988'''). ''[[Computer Chess Compendium]]''.
* [[George Baylor|George W. Baylor]] ('''1966'''). ''A Computer Model of Checkmating Behaviour in Chess''. in [[Adriaan de Groot]], [[Walter R. Reitman]] (eds.) ('''1966'''). ''Heuristic Processes in Thinking''. International Congress of Psychology, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauka_%28publisher%29 Nauka], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow Moscow]
* [[George Baylor|George W. Baylor]] ('''1971'''). ''Program and protocol analysis on a mental imagery task''. Proceedings of the 2nd international joint conference on Artificial intelligence <ref>[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1622898 Program and protocol analysis on a mental imagery task] from [http://portal.acm.org/portal.cfm ACM Portal]</ref>
=External Links=
* [http://www.asdreams.org/2002/2002_ceu_presentations.htm 19th Annual International Conference for the Association for the Study of Dreams, June 15 - 19, 2002]
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one Level]]'''
'''George W. Baylor''',<br/>
a retired professor of [[Psychology|psychology]] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al University of Montreal]. He is author of a number of papers on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream dreams] <ref>[http://www.angelfire.com/ak/electricdreams/rcwbib96.htm Bibliography of Dream Anthropology]</ref>, and is a consulting editor for the ''ASD journal, Dreaming'' <ref>[http://www.asdreams.org/asdj01.htm ASD journal, Dreaming]</ref> . He has done clinical training in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychosynthesis psychosynthesis] and now offer individual dream intensives at the Mountain Road Retreat in the Eastern Townships of Québec <ref>[http://www.asdreams.org/2002/updated_program_june7.pdf The Association for the Study of Dreams Dreams and Cultures] Dreams and Cultures, Nineteenth Annual International Dream Conference 2002 (pdf)</ref>. George Baylor was a student and friend of [[Herbert Simon]]. As chess player and student at [[Carnegie Mellon University]], Baylor was hired by Simon, to work on his and [[Allen Newell|Newell's]] chess machines. He wrote a ''mating combinations program'', dubbed [[Mater]], which was subject of his Masters thesis, and he later focused on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_psychology cognitive psychology].
=Mater=
'' see main article [[Mater]]''
Abstract from ''A chess mating combinations program'' <ref>[[George Baylor|George W. Baylor]], [[Herbert Simon|Herbert A. Simon]] ('''1966'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1464182.1464233&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE A chess mating combinations program]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Federation_of_Information_Processing_Societies AFIPS] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Computer_Conference Joint Computer Conferences]</ref>:
The program reported here is not a complete chess player; it does not play games. Rather, it is a chess analyst limited to [[Search|searching]] for [[Checkmate|checkmating]] [[Combination|combinations]] in [[Chess Position|positions]] containing [[Tactics|tactical]] possibilities. A combination in chess is a series of forcing moves with sacrifice that ends with an objective advantage for the active side. A checkmating combination, then, is a combination in which that objective advantage is checkmate. Thus the program described here - dubbed [[Mater|MATER]] - given a position, proceeds by [[Move Generation|generating]] that class of forcing moves that put the enemy King in [[Check|check]] or threaten mate in one move, and then by analyzing first those moves that appear most promising.
=Remembrance of Herbert A. Simon=
George W. Baylor on [[Herbert Simon|Herbert A. Simon]] <ref>[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/simon/all.html All Remembrance of Herbert A. Simon]</ref> :
Herb Simon has been such a towering influence and determining force in my life that it is hard to imagine what my life would have been like without him. It was in 1959-60, as a sophomore at Carnegie Institute of Technology, that I first met "Dr. Simon." I mainly played chess, but he and Allen Newell, were programming computers to play chess. I believe we played some games together and I beat him. He said that my "program" was better than his. Then he hired me as a summer research assistant to work on chess machines! A year or two later he sent me to Amsterdam to help translate [[Adriaan de Groot|Adriaan de Groot's]] book on the thought processes of the chess player. When I returned, he directed my masters thesis on a [[Mater|mating combinations program]], which he had already begun with his son, Pete. Like a clever father, he subtly transformed me from an aspiring chess professional - though, more likely, impoverished chess bum - into a cognitive psychologist. He also directed my doctoral dissertation, a computer simulation of some visual mental imagery tasks, though I knew he would have preferred me to continue working on chess. He was stuck with his prediction that a computer would beat the world chess champion within ten years - it took 40. But sons must differentiate themselves from their fathers, mustn't they?
By then it was 1967-68 and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War War in Vietnam] was still raging <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Lai_Massacre Mỹ Lai Massacre from Wikipedia]</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nice The Nice] - [http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=21795 America] (Live on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_One BBC One] "[http://peel.wikia.com/wiki/How_It_Is How It Is]" by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Peel John Peel], 1968), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video<br/>{{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dg9jHTYZ-6U|alignment=left|valignment=top}}</ref>. I went to Canada. Though Simon's views on the war were much less clear-cut than my own, he supported me. He even said that I could defend my thesis by teleconference. Though that proved unnecessary, you can imagine how much that meant to me. We continued to correspond and occasionally saw each other, but our lives diverged, as lives do. Thirty years later, in 1997-98, I returned to Carnegie-Mellon University to do a sabbatical with Herb. It was as though I was his graduate student all over again: I presented my research problems and he helped me solve them; he presented his research and I struggled to understand it. I never really overcame my fear of his staggering intellect, but it mattered less because the love between us was so palpable. This was also the time when he had his major heart operation, and I felt privileged to be near him and Dorothea. He told me a dream he had while in the hospital, and I was thrilled to be able to offer an interpretation - my turn to give. I am so grateful for those months in Pittsburgh. Thank you, Herb. I am so grateful for the decade at C. I. T.: Thank you, Dr. Simon. It is hard to imagine a world without you. May you rest in peace.
'''George W. Baylor'''
Ph.D., University of Montreal, a student and friend
=Selected Publications=
* [[George Baylor|George W. Baylor]] ('''1965'''). ''[http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD0619018 Report on a Mating Combinations Program]''. SDC Paper, No. SP-2150, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif.
* [[George Baylor|George W. Baylor]], [[Herbert Simon|Herbert A. Simon]] ('''1966'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1464182.1464233&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE A chess mating combinations program]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Federation_of_Information_Processing_Societies AFIPS] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Computer_Conference Joint Computer Conferences], reprinted in [[Herbert Simon|Herbert A. Simon]] ('''1979'''). ''[http://yalepress.yale.edu/yupbooks/book.asp?isbn=9780300024326 Models of Thought]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University_Press Yale University Press], pp. 181-200, in [[David Levy]] (ed.) ('''1988'''). ''[[Computer Chess Compendium]]''.
* [[George Baylor|George W. Baylor]] ('''1966'''). ''A Computer Model of Checkmating Behaviour in Chess''. in [[Adriaan de Groot]], [[Walter R. Reitman]] (eds.) ('''1966'''). ''Heuristic Processes in Thinking''. International Congress of Psychology, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauka_%28publisher%29 Nauka], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow Moscow]
* [[George Baylor|George W. Baylor]] ('''1971'''). ''Program and protocol analysis on a mental imagery task''. Proceedings of the 2nd international joint conference on Artificial intelligence <ref>[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1622898 Program and protocol analysis on a mental imagery task] from [http://portal.acm.org/portal.cfm ACM Portal]</ref>
=External Links=
* [http://www.asdreams.org/2002/2002_ceu_presentations.htm 19th Annual International Conference for the Association for the Study of Dreams, June 15 - 19, 2002]
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one Level]]'''
