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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Games]] * General Game Playing'''
'''General Game Playing''',(GGP)<br/>an approach of Artificial Intelligence programs to be able to play more than one game successfully. For games like [[Chess|chess]], computers are programmed to play these games using a specially designed algorithm - a chess playing program cannot play [[Checkers|checkers]]. A General Game Playing system, if well designed, would be able to help in other areas, such as in providing intelligence for search and rescue missions <ref>[http://www.general-game-playing.de/ General Game Playing - Home]</ref>. One well know known commercial General Game program is [[Zillions of Games]] by [[Jeff Mallett]] and [[Mark Lefler]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zillions_of_Games Zillions of Games from Wikipedia]</ref> . =GVGP=General video game playing (GVGP) is the concept of GGP adjusted to the purpose of playing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game video games] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_video_game_playing General video game playing from Wikipedia]</ref>, and to apply [[Reinforcement Learning|reinforcement learning]] and [[Monte-Carlo Tree Search|Monte-Carlo tree search]] to master video and [[Atari 8-bit|Atari]] games of skill and strategy.
=Selected Publications=
* [[Tomoyuki Kaneko]], [[Kazunori Yamaguchi]], [[Satoru Kawai]] ('''2003'''). ''Automated Identification of Patterns in Evaluation Functions for General Game Players''. [[Advances in Computer Games 10]]
==2005 ...==
* [[Michael Genesereth]], [http://dblp[Nathaniel Love]], et al.uni-trier('''2005''').de/pers/hd/l/Love''General Game Playing:Nathaniel Game Description Language Specification''. Technical report, [[Stanford University]]* [[Michael Genesereth]], [[Nathaniel Love]], [[Barney Pell]] ('''2005'''). ''General Game Playing: Overview of the AAAI Competition''. [[AAAI#AIMAG|AI Magazine]], Vol. 26, No. 2, [http://logic.stanford.edu/classes/cs227/2013/readings/aaai.pdf pdf]
* [[Michael Thielscher]] ('''2005'''). ''Flux: A logic programming method for reasoning agents''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/journals/tplp/tplp5.html#Thielscher05 Theory Pract.Log. Program, 5(4-5)]
* [[Stephan Schiffel]], [[Michael Thielscher]] ('''2007'''). ''Fluxplayer: A successful general game player''. [http://www.aaai.org/Press/Proceedings/aaai07.php Proceedings of the AAAI National Conference on Artificial Intelligence], [http://www.aaai.org/Papers/AAAI/2007/AAAI07-189.pdf pdf]
* [[Michel Quenault]], [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2007'''). ''Extended General Gaming Model''. [[CGW 2007]]
* [[James Clune]] ('''2007'''). ''Heuristic Evaluation Functions for General Game Playing''. [[Conferences#AAAI-2007|AAAI 2007]], [https://www.aaai.org/Papers/AAAI/2007/AAAI07-180.pdf pdf]* [[Joseph Reisinger]], [[Erkin Bahçeci]], [[Igor Karpov]], [[Risto Miikkulainen]] ('''2007'''). ''[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Coevolving-Strategies-for-General-Game-Playing-Reisinger-Bah%C3%A7eci/9a39c1411b6e68457ece391b057dcc26142c23a7 Coevolving Strategies for General Game Playing]''. [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/cig/cig2007.html CIG 2007]* [[Hilmar Finnsson]] and , [[Yngvi Björnsson]]. ('''2008'''). ''Simulation-Based Approach to General Game Playing.'' In The Twenty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, [[AAAI]] Press, 2008. Accepted. [http://www.ru.is/faculty/yngvi/pdf/FinnssonB08a.pdf pdf], [http://www.aaai.org/Papers/AAAI/2008/AAAI08-041.pdf pdf]
* [[Jean Méhat]], [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2008'''). ''Ary: A Program for General Game Playing''. [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/poster2008.pdf pdf]
* [[Jean Méhat]], [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2008'''). ''Monte-Carlo Tree Search for General Game Playing''. [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/ggp2008.pdf pdf]
* [[Karol Walędzik]], [[Jacek Mańdziuk]] ('''2010'''). ''CI in General Game Playing - to date Achievements and Perspectives''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/icaisc/icaisc2010-2.html#WaledzikM10 10. ICAISC], [http://www.mini.pw.edu.pl/~mandziuk/PRACE/ICAISC10.pdf pdf]
'''2011'''
* [[Michael Thielscher]] ('''2011'''). ''The General Game Playing Description Language Is Universal''. [[Conferences#IJCAI2011|IJCAI 2011]] [https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/11/Papers/189.pdf pdf]
* [[Jean Méhat]], [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2011'''). ''A Parallel General Game Player''. [http://www.kuenstliche-intelligenz.de/ KI Journal], Vol. 25, No. 1, [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/rootparallelggp.pdf pdf]
* [[Mesut Kirci]], [[Nathan Sturtevant]], [[Jonathan Schaeffer]] ('''2011'''). ''A GGP Feature Learning Algorithm''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/journals/ki/ki25.html#KirciSS11 KI 25(1)]: 35-42, [http://web.cs.du.edu/~sturtevant/papers/FeatureLearning.pdf pdf]
* [[Jacek Mańdziuk]], [[Maciej Świechowski]] ('''2012'''). ''Generic Heuristic Approach to General Game Playing''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/sofsem/sofsem2012.html#MandziukS12 38. SOFSEM], [http://www.mini.pw.edu.pl/~mandziuk/PRACE/SOFSEM12.pdf pdf]
'''2013'''
* [[Michael Genesereth]], [[Yngvi Björnsson]] ('''2013'''). ''[https://aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2475 The International
General Game Playing Competition].'' [[AAAI#AIMAG|AI Magazine]], Vol. 34, No. 2
* [[Yngvi Björnsson]], [[Stephan Schiffel]] ('''2013'''). ''[http://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=jRcb4G4AAAAJ&citation_for_view=jRcb4G4AAAAJ:7PzlFSSx8tAC Comparison of GDL Reasoners]''. [[Conferences#IJCAI2013|IJCAI 2013]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Description_Language Game Description Language from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Volodymyr Mnih]], [[Koray Kavukcuoglu]], [[David Silver]], [[Alex Graves]], [[Ioannis Antonoglou]], [[Daan Wierstra]], [[Martin Riedmiller]] ('''2013'''). ''Playing Atari with Deep Reinforcement Learning''. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.5602 arXiv:1312.5602] <ref>[http://www.nervanasys.com/demystifying-deep-reinforcement-learning/ Demystifying Deep Reinforcement Learning] by [http://www.nervanasys.com/author/tambet/ Tambet Matiisen], [http://www.nervanasys.com/ Nervana], December 21, 2015</ref>
* [[John Levine]], [[Clare Bates Congdon]], [[Marc Ebner]], [[Graham Kendall]], [[Simon Lucas]], [[Risto Miikkulainen]], [[Tom Schaul]], [[Tommy Thompson]] ('''2013'''). ''[https://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2013/4337/ General Video Game Playing]''. [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/dagstuhl/dfu6.html Artificial and Computational Intelligence in Games 2013]
* [[Marc Ebner]], [[John Levine]], [[Simon Lucas]], [[Tom Schaul]], [[Tommy Thompson]], [[Julian Togelius]] ('''2013'''). ''[https://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2013/4338/ Towards a Video Game Description Language]''. [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/dagstuhl/dfu6.html Artificial and Computational Intelligence in Games 2013]
'''2014'''
* [[Michael Genesereth]], [[Michael Thielscher]] ('''2014'''). ''[httphttps://www.morganclaypool.com/doi/abs/10.2200/S00564ED1V01Y201311AIM024 General Game Playing]''. [httphttps://www.morganclaypool.com/toc/aim/81/2 1 Synthesis Lectures on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning], [http://www.morganclaypool.com/ Morgan & Claypool Publishers]March 2014
* [[Stephan Schiffel]], [[Michael Thielscher]] ('''2014'''). ''[https://www.jair.org/papers/paper4115.html Representing and Reasoning About the Rules of General Games With Imperfect Information]''. [https://www.jair.org/vol/vol49.html JAIR Vol. 49]
* [[Edouard Bonnet|Édouard Bonnet]], [[Abdallah Saffidine]] ('''2014'''). ''On the Complexity of General Game Playing''. [[ECAI CGW 2014]]
* [[Maciej Świechowski]], [[Jacek Mańdziuk]] ('''2014'''). ''Self-Adaptation of Playing Strategies in General Game Playing''. [[IEEE#TOCIAIGAMES|IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games]], Vol. 6, No. 4
==2015 ...==
* [[Alexander Braylan]], [[Mark Hollenbeck]], [[Elliot Meyerson]], [[Risto Miikkulainen]] ('''2015'''). ''Reuse of Neural Modules for General Video Game Playing''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.01537 arXiv:1512.01537]
* [[Cameron Browne]] ('''2016'''). ''A Class Grammar for General Games''. [[CG 2016]]
* [[Nera Nesic]], [[Stephan Schiffel]] ('''2016'''). ''Heuristic Function Evaluation Framework''. [[CG 2016]]
* [[Armin Chitizadeh]], [[Michael Thielscher]] ('''2018'''). ''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-24337-1_5 Iterative Tree Search in General Game Playing with Incomplete Information]''. [[Conferences#CGW|CGW 2018]] @ [[Conferences#IJCAI2018|IJCAI 2018]]
* [[Armin Chitizadeh]], [[Michael Thielscher]] ('''2018'''). ''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-03991-2_5 General Language Evolution in General Game Playing]''. [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ausai/ausai2018.html Australasian Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2018]
* [[Eric Piette]], [[Dennis Soemers]], [[Matthew Stephenson]], [[Chiara Sironi]], [[Mark Winands]], [[Cameron Browne]] ('''2019'''). ''Ludii - The Ludemic General Game System''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.05013 arXiv:1905.05013]
* [[Cameron Browne]], [[Matthew Stephenson]], [[Eric Piette]], [[Dennis Soemers]] ('''2019'''). ''A Practical Introduction to the Ludii General Game System''. [[Advances in Computer Games 16]]
==2020 ...==
* [[Tristan Cazenave]], [[Yen-Chi Chen]], [[Guan-Wei Chen]], [[Shi-Yu Chen]], [[Xian-Dong Chiu]], [[Julien Dehos]], [[Maria Elsa]], [[Qucheng Gong]], [[Hengyuan Hu]], [[Vasil Khalidov]], [[Cheng-Ling Li]], [[Hsin-I Lin]], [[Yu-Jin Lin]], [[Xavier Martinet]], [[Vegard Mella]], [[Jeremy Rapin]], [[Baptiste Roziere]], [[Gabriel Synnaeve]], [[Fabien Teytaud]], [[Olivier Teytaud]], [[Shi-Cheng Ye]], [[Yi-Jun Ye]], [[Shi-Jim Yen]], [[Sergey Zagoruyko]] ('''2020'''). ''Polygames: Improved zero learning''. [[ICGA Journal#42_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 42, No. 4]], [https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.09832 arXiv:2001.09832]
* [https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=tC5klQYAAAAJ&hl=en Raluca D. Gaina], [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/d/Devlin:Sam Sam Devlin], [[Simon Lucas]], [[Diego Perez|Diego Perez-Liebana]] ('''2020'''). ''Rolling Horizon Evolutionary Algorithms for General Video Game Playing''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.12331 arXiv:2003.12331]
* [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/b/Balla:Martin Martin Balla], [[Simon Lucas]], [[Diego Perez|Diego Perez-Liebana]] ('''2020'''). ''Evaluating Generalisation in General Video Game Playing''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.11247 arXiv:2005.11247]
* [[Dennis Soemers]], [[Eric Piette]], [[Matthew Stephenson]], [[Cameron Browne]] ('''2021'''). ''Optimised Playout Implementations for the Ludii General Game System''. [[Advances in Computer Games 17]]
* [[Cameron Browne]], [[Eric Piette]], [[Matthew Stephenson]], [[Dennis Soemers]] ('''2021'''). ''General Board Geometry''. [[Advances in Computer Games 17]]
* [[Dennis Soemers]], [[Vegard Mella]], [[Cameron Browne]], [[Olivier Teytaud]] ('''2021'''). ''Deep learning for general game playing with Ludii and Polygames''. [[ICGA Journal#43_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 43, No. 3]]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_video_game_playing General video game playing from Wikipedia]
* [http://ggp.stanford.edu/ General Game Playing] from [[Stanford University|Stanford]]
* [http://ludeme.eu/ Digital Ludeme Project] from [[Maastricht University]]
==GDL==
* <span id="GDL"></span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Description_Language Game Description Language from Wikipedia]
* [http://cadia.ru.is/wiki/public:cadiaplayer:main CADIAPlayer]
* [http://www.general-game-playing.de/research.html Research - FluxPlayer]
* [httphttps://barneyludii.csgames/ Ludii Portal]* [https://github.unicom/Ludeme/Ludii GitHub -potsdamLudeme/Ludii: The Ludii general game system, developed as part of the ERC-funded Digital Ludeme Project]* [https://ai.defacebook.com/tracblog/centurio Welcome to Centurioopen-sourcing-polygames-a-new-framework-for-training-ai-bots-through-self-play/ Open-sourcing Polygames, a new framework for training AI bots through self-play]* [https://github.com/facebookarchive/Polygames GitHub - facebookarchive/Polygames: The project is a platform of zero learning with a library of games]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Games|Up one Level]]'''
