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GPU

56 bytes removed, 05:55, 27 October 2021
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Hardware Model
=Hardware Model=
A common scheme on GPUs is to run multiple threads in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_instruction,_multiple_threads SIMT] fashion and a multitude of SIMT waves on the same [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIMD SIMD] unit to hide memory latencies. Multiple processing elements (GPU cores) are members of a SIMD unit, multiple SIMD units are coupled to a compute unit, with up to hundreds of compute units present on a discrete GPU. The actual SIMD units may have architecture dependent different numbers of cores (SIMD8, SIMD16, SIMD32), and different computation abilities, floating-point and/or integer with specific bit-width of the FPU/ALU and registers. There is a difference between a vector-processor with variable bit-width and SIMD units with fix bit-width cores. Different architecture white papers from different vendors leave room for speculation about the concrete underlying hardware implementation and the concrete classification as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn%27s_taxonomy#Single_instruction_stream,_multiple_data_streams_(SIMD) hardware architecture]. Scalar units present in the compute unit perform special functions the SIMD units are not capable of and MMAC units (matrix-multiply-accumulate units) are used to speed up neural networks further.
=Programming Model=
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