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[[FILE:FredSchwarz.JPG|border|right|thumb|171px|link=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&dat=19791129&id=N3gsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zPoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7021,5104937|Fred Swartz at [[ACM 1979]] <ref>[http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&dat=19791129&id=N3gsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zPoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7021,5104937 Chess players are experiencing CHAOS, Lakeland Ledger - November 29, 1979] from [http://news.google.com/nwshp Google News] on [[ACM 1979]]</ref> ]]

an American computer scientist and former computer chess programmer. In the early 70s, at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA RCA] Systems Programming division in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnaminson_Township,_New_Jersey Cinnaminson, NJ], Fred Swartz started chess programming along with [[Victor Berman]] to develop the chess program [[CHAOS]]. The take over of RCA by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperry_Corporation Sperry Univac] eventually moved everything to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Bell,_Pennsylvania Blue Bell, Pennsylvania], until CHAOS was affiliated with the Computing Center of the [[University of Michigan]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan Ann Arbor], and its team grew in the meantime when [[Mike Alexander]], [[Ira Ruben]], [[William Toikka]], [[Joe Winograd]] and later [[Mark Hersey]] and [[Jack O’Keefe]] joined by and by <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=42 Chaos' ICGA Tournaments]</ref><ref>pp. 52, Table I. History of the [[ACM North American Computer Chess Championship|ACM Tournaments]] from

[[Ben Mittman]], [[Monroe Newborn]] ('''1980'''). ''Computer chess at [[ACM 1979|ACM 79]]: the tournament and the man vs. man and machine match''. Communications of the [[ACM]], Vol. 23, Issue 1, [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/3-1%20and%203-2%20and%203-3.Computer_chess_at_ACM_79/3-1%20and%203-2%20and%203-3.Computer_chess_at_ACM_79.062303018.pdf pdf] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>. CHAOS was one of the strongest programs of the 70s and early 80s, using an unique, knowledge based and selective [[Best-First|best-first]], iterative widening approach, keeping the [[Search Tree|search tree]] in memory <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=doc-431614f6cdeeb The Eleventh ACM's North American Computer Chess Championship] as [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/3-1%20and%203-2%20and%203-3.1980_11th_ACM_NACCC/The_Eleventh_ACMs_North_American_Computer_Chess_Championship.1980.062303015.sm.pdf pdf reprint] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>.