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Created page with "'''Home * People * Fernand Gobet''' FILE:Fernand Gobet.jpg|border|right|thumb|| Fernand Gobet <ref>Image by [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:LaM%C..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[People]] * Fernand Gobet'''
[[FILE:Fernand Gobet.jpg|border|right|thumb|| Fernand Gobet <ref>Image by [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:LaM%C3%A8reVeille LaMèreVeille], February 28, 2018, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Gobet Fernand Gobet from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Fernand Gobet''',<br/>
a Swiss [[Psychology|psychologist]] and chess master <ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/player/fernand_gobet.html The chess games of Fernand Gobet] from [http://www.chessgames.com/index.html chessgames.com]</ref>, professor of psychological sciences at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Liverpool University of Liverpool] <ref>[https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/psychology-health-and-society/staff/fernand-gobet/ Fernand Gobet - University of Liverpool]</ref>. Former appointments include professor at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunel_University_London Brunel University London], visiting researcher at [[Carnegie Mellon University]], and lecturer at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nottingham University of Nottingham]. He holds a Ph.D. from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Fribourg University of Fribourg], Switzerland, ''The memories of a chessplayer'' (in French) in Psychology, 1992 <ref>[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/ Fernand GOBET - Professor of Cognitive Psychology]</ref>.
At [[Carnegie Mellon University]], Gobet collaborated with [[Herbert Simon]] and together with [[Peter Jansen]], member of the [[Deep Thought]] team, he wrote the [[Pattern Learning|pattern learning]] chess program [[CHUMP]], which was introduced as ''A chess program based on a model of human memory'' <ref>[[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Jansen]] ('''1994'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/abstracts/chess_program.html Towards a Chess Program Based on a Model of Human Memory].'' [[Advances in Computer Chess 7]]</ref> at the [[Advances in Computer Chess 7|7th Advances in Computer Chess]] conference, July 1-2, 1993. With [[Adriaan de Groot]] he wrote the book ''Perception and memory in chess'' <ref>[[Adriaan de Groot]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1996'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/abstracts/deGroot_abstract.html Perception and memory in chess]. Heuristics of the professional eye.'' Assen: Van Gorcum, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-232-2949-5. Chapter 9; A discussion: Two authors, two different views? [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/preprints/DeGroot_Gobet_Chapter_9.doc word reprint].</ref>.
=Chunk Hierarchies=
Fernand Gobet is principal investigator of [[CHREST]], an acronym for Chunk Hierarchy and REtrieval STructures <ref>[http://www.chrest.info/ CHREST Home]</ref>, and is a complete computational model for the processes of [[Learning|learning]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception perception] used by human experts in a variety of domains. One application of CHREST was the pattern learning chess program [[CHUMP]].
=See also=
* [[CHREST]]
* [[CHUMP]]
* [[Chunking]]
* [[Cognition]]
* [[Psychology]]
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/docs/References.pdf ICGA Reference Database] (pdf)</ref> <ref>[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/bibliography-by-topic.html Fernand Gobet - Scientific Publications by Topic]</ref> <ref>[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hd/g/Gobet:Fernand.html DBLP: Fernand Gobet]</ref>
==1993 ...==
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1993'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/papers/ModelChessMem/Chess%20Memory.html A Computer Model of Chess Memory].'' Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 463-468.
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Jansen]] ('''1994'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/abstracts/chess_program.html Towards a Chess Program Based on a Model of Human Memory].'' [[Advances in Computer Chess 7]]
* [[Howard B. Richman]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[James J. Staszewski]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1995'''). ''[http://ptfs.library.cmu.edu/awweb/main.jsp?flag=browse&smd=1&awdid=1 Perceptual and Memory Processes in the Acquisition of Expert Performance: The EPAM Model]''. Complex Information Processing, Working Paper #528
* [[Adriaan de Groot]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1996'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/abstracts/deGroot_abstract.html Perception and memory in chess]. Heuristics of the professional eye.'' Assen: Van Gorcum, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-232-2949-5. Chapter 9; A discussion: Two authors, two different views? [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/preprints/DeGroot_Gobet_Chapter_9.doc word reprint].
: [[FILE:DeGroot-Perception.JPG|none|border|text-bottom|link=http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/abstracts/deGroot_abstract.html]]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1996'''). ''Templates in Chess Memory: A Mechanism for Recalling Several Boards.'' Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 31, pp. 1-40.
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1996'''). ''Recall of random and distorted positions: Implications for the theory of expertise.'' Memory & Cognition, 24, 493-503.
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1996'''). ''Recall of rapidly presented random chess positions is a function of skill.'' Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 159-163, [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/preprints/Recall_random_pos.doc word reprint].
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1997'''). ''A Pattern-Recognition Theory of Search in Expert Problem Solving.'' Thinking and Reasoning, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 291-313. ISSN 1354-6783.
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1997'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/papers/DeepBlue.html Can Deep Blue make us happy? Reflections on Human and Artificial Expertise]''. [http://www.dblp.org/db/conf/aaai/aaai1997w6.html AAAI Workshop: Deep Blue Versus Kasparov: The Significance for Artificial Intelligence 1997]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Howard B. Richman]], [[James J. Staszewski]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1997'''). ''Goals, Representations, and Strategies in a Concept Attainment Task: The EPAM model''. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 37, [http://digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=34259 pdf]
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1998'''). ''Chess players’ thinking revisited.'' Swiss Journal of Psychology, 57, 18-32.
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1998'''). ''Expert chess memory: Revisiting the chunking hypothesis.'' Memory, 6, 225-255, [http://v-scheiner.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/1343/1/Copy-Task-NEW-BJP.pdf pdf]
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1998'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/papers/Meaningless/Meaningless.html Memory for the Meaningless: How Chunks Help]'' Proceedings of the 20th Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. (pp. 398-403). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1998'''). ''Pattern recognition makes search possible: Comments on Holding (1992)''. Psychological Research, Vol. 61, [http://v-scheiner.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/816/1/Paper_on_Holding.pdf pdf] <ref>[[Dennis H. Holding]] ('''1992'''). ''Theories of Chess Skill''. Psychological Research, Vol. 54, No. 1</ref>
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1999'''). ''[http://www.newinchess.com/Fernand_Gobet-aa-372.html De Groot, A.D. The Father of Chess Psychology]'', [http://www.newinchess.com/ New In Chess Magazine] 1999/8, page 84
==2000 ...==
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''2000'''). ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1207/s15516709cog2404_4/abstract Five Seconds or Sixty? Presentation Time in Expert Memory]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society Cognitive Science], Vol. 24, No. 4
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2001'''). ''[http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/contents/content24-1.htm#HERBERT%20A.%20SIMON HERBERT A. SIMON (1916 - 2001): THE SCIENTIST OF THE ARTIFICIAL]''. [[ICGA Journal#24_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 24, No. 1]]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]], [http://my.ilstu.edu/~sfcroke/ Steve Croker], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/c/Cheng:Peter_C=_H=.html Peter C-H. Cheng], [http://www.ntu.ac.uk/apps/Profiles/53951-1-4/Dr_Gary_Jones.aspx Gary Jones], [http://ijosblog.blogspot.de/2012_02_01_archive.html Iain Oliver], [http://www.liv.ac.uk/psychology-health-and-society/staff/julian-pine/ Julian M. Pine] ('''2001'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661300016624 Chunking mechanisms in human learning]''. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 6
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2001'''). ''Is Experts' Knowledge Modular?'' Proceedings of the 23rd Meeting of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society Cognitive Science Society], [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/papers/CogSci-2001-DAPCS.pdf pdf]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Guillermo Campitelli]] ('''2002'''). ''Intelligence and Chess''. In [[Jean Retschitzki]], [[Rosita Haddad-Zubel]] (eds.) ('''2002'''). ''Step by step''. Proceedings of the 4th colloquium Board games in academia. Edition [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Fribourg Universitaires Fribourg Suisse]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Guillermo Campitelli]], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/w/Waters:Andrew_J=.html Andrew J. Waters] ('''2002'''). ''Rise of human intelligence Comments on Howard (1999)''. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01602896 Intelligence], Vol. 30 <ref>[[Robert W. Howard]] ('''1999'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289699000185 Preliminary Real-World Evidence That Average Human Intelligence Really is Rising]''. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01602896 Intelligence], Vol. 27, No. 3</ref>
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2003'''). ''Implicit learning of expert chess knowledge.'' AISB Quarterly, 114, 8.
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/2134 CHREST tutorial: Simulations of human learning]''. [http://www.cogsci.northwestern.edu/cogsci2004/ CogSci 2004]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Alex de Voogt]], [[Jean Retschitzki]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://www.psypress.com/moves-in-mind-9781841693361 Moves in Mind: The Psychology of Board Games]''. ISBN 1-84169-336-7. [http://www.amazon.com/Moves-Mind-Psychology-Board-Games/dp/1841693367/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1235305948&sr=1-1 amazon.com]
* [[Guillermo Campitelli]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2004'''). ''Adaptive Expert Decision making: Skilled Chess Players Search More and Deeper.'' [[ICGA Journal#27_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 27, No. 4]]
==2005 ...==
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Jansen]] ('''2005'''). ''Training in Chess: A Scientific Approach''. [http://www.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/preprints/Training_in_chess.PDF pdf]
* [[Guillermo Campitelli]], [[Fernand Gobet]], Amanda Parker ('''2005'''). ''Structure and Stimulus Familiarity: A Study of Memory in Chess-Players with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.'' The Spanish Journal of Psychology, Vol. 8, No. 2
* [[Guillermo Campitelli]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2005'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/819 The mind's eye in blindfold chess]''. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology Vol. 17, 23-45
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2005'''). ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acp.1110/abstract Chunking Models of Expertise: Implications for Education]''. Applied Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 19, No. 2
* [[Merim Bilalić]], [[Peter McLeod]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2006'''). ''Does chess need intelligence? A study with young chess players.'' Intelligence, 35, 457-470, [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/preprints/Bilalic%20et%20al%20--%20intelligence.pdf pdf]
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2006'''). ''[[Adriaan de Groot]]: Marriage of two Passions''. [[ICGA Journal#29_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 29, No. 4]], [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/preprints/De%20Groot%27s%20obituary%20--%20ICGA.pdf pdf]
* [[Richard L. Smith]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]] ('''2007'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/1064 An Investigation into the Effect of Ageing on Expert Memory with CHREST]''. UKCI 2007
* [[Merim Bilalić]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2007'''). ''They do what they are told to do: The influence of instruction on (chess) expert perception - Commentary on Linhares and Brum (2007).'' Cognitive Science. [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/preprints/Chunks_and_instruction_short-3.pdf pdf] <ref>[[Alexandre Linhares]], [[Paulo Brum]] ('''2007'''). ''[http://perticles.blogspot.de/2008/01/linhares-brum-cognitive-science-2007.html Understanding our understanding of strategic scenarios: What role do chunks play]''. Cognitive Science, 31, [http://csjarchive.cogsci.rpi.edu/2007v31/6/HCOG_A_270264_O_NLM/HCOG_A_270264_O.pdf pdf]</ref> <ref>[[Alexandre Linhares]], [[Paulo Brum]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21585485 How Can Experts See the Invisible? Reply to Bilalic and Gobet]''. Cognitive Science, Vol 33, No. 5</ref>
* [[Guillermo Campitelli]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2007'''). ''The role of practice in chess: A longitudinal study.'' [http://www.estudiodepsicologia.com.ar/articles/1.pdf pdf]
* [[Guillermo Campitelli]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/neuroscience/contact/a-z/G-L/head_kay.phtml Kay Head], [http://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/directory/mark-buckley Mark Buckley], Amanda Parker ('''2007'''). ''Brain localisation of memory chunks in chessplayers.'' International Journal of Neuroscience, 117, 1641-1659.
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2007'''). ''Chunk hierarchies and retrieval structures: Comments on Saariluoma and Laine. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42''. [http://dspace.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/806/1/Saariluoma_Laine_reply.pdf pdf] <ref>[[Pertti Saariluoma]], [[Tei Laine]] ('''2001'''). ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9450.00223/abstract Novice construction of chess memory]''. [http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Scandinavian_Journal_of_Psychology Scandinavian Journal of Psychology], Vol. 42, No. 2</ref>
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/2120 The role of deliberate practice in expertise: Necessary but not sufficient]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society Cognitive Science Society]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Philippe Chassy]] ('''2008'''). ''Season of birth and chess expertise''. [http://www.rairo-ita.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8386350 Journal of Biosocial Science], Vol. 40, No. 2, [http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/736/1/Seasonality%20and%20chess.pdf pdf]
* [[Merim Bilalić]], [[Peter McLeod]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18565505 Why Good Thoughts Block Better Ones: The Mechanism of the Pernicious Einstellung (set) Effect]''. Cognition, Vol. 108, No. 3, [http://dspace.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/2276/1/Einstellung-Cognition.pdf preprint pdf]
* [[Merim Bilalić]], [[Peter McLeod]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010028507000102 Inflexibility of experts—Reality or myth? Quantifying the Einstellung effect in chess masters]''. Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 56, No. 2
* [[Peter Lane]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2008'''). ''A methodology for developing computational implementations of scientific theories''. [http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi?doc=abs/proceedings/uksim/2008/3114/00/3114toc.htm Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Computer Modelling & Simulation]
* [[Peter Lane]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Richard L. Smith]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/2963 Attention mechanisms in the CHREST cognitive architecture]''. Proc. of the 5th International Workshop on Attention in Cognitive Systems
* [[Richard L. Smith]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3503 Checking chess checks with chunks: A model of simple check detection]''. [http://sideshow.psyc.bbk.ac.uk/rcooper/iccm2009/proceedings/ ICCM 2009]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Philippe Chassy]] ('''2009'''). ''Expertise and Intuition: A Tale of Three Theories''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minds_and_Machines Minds and Machines], Vol. 19, No. 2
* [[Guillermo Campitelli]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=5147 Handedness, practice and talent in chess]'' from [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], January 15, 2009
* [[Merim Bilalić]], [[Peter McLeod]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://pubget.com/paper/21585497/Specialization_effect_and_its_influence_on_memory_and_problem_solving_in_expert_chess_players Specialization effect and its influence on memory and problem solving in expert chess players]''. Cognitive Science, Vol. 33, No. 6
==2010 ...==
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Philippe Chassy]], [[Merim Bilalić]] ('''2011'''). ''Foundations of Cognitive Psychology''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGraw-Hill McGraw Hill] » [http://www.amazon.com/Foundations-Cognitive-Psychology-Fernand-Philippe/dp/0077119088 amazon.com]
* [[Peter Lane]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2011'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732118X10000474 Perception in chess and beyond: Commentary on Linhares and Freitas (2010)]''. [http://www.journals.elsevier.com/new-ideas-in-psychology/ New Ideas in Psychology], Vol. 29, No. 2 <ref>[[Alexandre Linhares]], [[Anna Elizabeth T. A. Freitas]] ('''2010'''). ''Questioning Chase and Simon's (1973) “Perception in chess”: The “experience recognition” hypothesis''. [http://www.journals.elsevier.com/new-ideas-in-psychology/ New Ideas in Psychology], Vol. 28, No. 1</ref> <ref>[[Neil Charness]] ('''2012'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732118X11000766 Patterns of theorizing about chess skill - Commentary on Linhares and Freitas (2010) and Lane and Gobet (2011)]''. [http://www.journals.elsevier.com/new-ideas-in-psychology/ New Ideas in Psychology], Vol. 30, No. 3</ref>
* [[Merim Bilalić]], [[Peter McLeod]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2011'''). ''[http://philpapers.org/rec/GOBEAN Expert and “novice” problem solving strategies in chess: Sixty years of citing de Groot (1946)]''. Thinking and Reasoning, Vol. 14, No. 4
* [[Peter Lane]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2012'''). ''[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0952813X.2012.695443 A theory-driven testing methodology for developing scientific software]''. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 24, No. 4
==2015 ...==
* [[Philippe Chassy]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2015'''). ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25912894 Risk taking in adversarial situations: Civilization differences in chess experts]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognition_(journal) Cognition], Vol. 141
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Gobet Fernand Gobet from Wikipedia]
* [https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/psychology-health-and-society/staff/fernand-gobet/ Fernand Gobet - University of Liverpool]
* [http://www.chrest.info/chrest.html CHREST Home]
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[FILE:Fernand Gobet.jpg|border|right|thumb|| Fernand Gobet <ref>Image by [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:LaM%C3%A8reVeille LaMèreVeille], February 28, 2018, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Gobet Fernand Gobet from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Fernand Gobet''',<br/>
a Swiss [[Psychology|psychologist]] and chess master <ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/player/fernand_gobet.html The chess games of Fernand Gobet] from [http://www.chessgames.com/index.html chessgames.com]</ref>, professor of psychological sciences at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Liverpool University of Liverpool] <ref>[https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/psychology-health-and-society/staff/fernand-gobet/ Fernand Gobet - University of Liverpool]</ref>. Former appointments include professor at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunel_University_London Brunel University London], visiting researcher at [[Carnegie Mellon University]], and lecturer at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nottingham University of Nottingham]. He holds a Ph.D. from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Fribourg University of Fribourg], Switzerland, ''The memories of a chessplayer'' (in French) in Psychology, 1992 <ref>[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/ Fernand GOBET - Professor of Cognitive Psychology]</ref>.
At [[Carnegie Mellon University]], Gobet collaborated with [[Herbert Simon]] and together with [[Peter Jansen]], member of the [[Deep Thought]] team, he wrote the [[Pattern Learning|pattern learning]] chess program [[CHUMP]], which was introduced as ''A chess program based on a model of human memory'' <ref>[[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Jansen]] ('''1994'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/abstracts/chess_program.html Towards a Chess Program Based on a Model of Human Memory].'' [[Advances in Computer Chess 7]]</ref> at the [[Advances in Computer Chess 7|7th Advances in Computer Chess]] conference, July 1-2, 1993. With [[Adriaan de Groot]] he wrote the book ''Perception and memory in chess'' <ref>[[Adriaan de Groot]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1996'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/abstracts/deGroot_abstract.html Perception and memory in chess]. Heuristics of the professional eye.'' Assen: Van Gorcum, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-232-2949-5. Chapter 9; A discussion: Two authors, two different views? [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/preprints/DeGroot_Gobet_Chapter_9.doc word reprint].</ref>.
=Chunk Hierarchies=
Fernand Gobet is principal investigator of [[CHREST]], an acronym for Chunk Hierarchy and REtrieval STructures <ref>[http://www.chrest.info/ CHREST Home]</ref>, and is a complete computational model for the processes of [[Learning|learning]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception perception] used by human experts in a variety of domains. One application of CHREST was the pattern learning chess program [[CHUMP]].
=See also=
* [[CHREST]]
* [[CHUMP]]
* [[Chunking]]
* [[Cognition]]
* [[Psychology]]
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/docs/References.pdf ICGA Reference Database] (pdf)</ref> <ref>[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/bibliography-by-topic.html Fernand Gobet - Scientific Publications by Topic]</ref> <ref>[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hd/g/Gobet:Fernand.html DBLP: Fernand Gobet]</ref>
==1993 ...==
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1993'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/papers/ModelChessMem/Chess%20Memory.html A Computer Model of Chess Memory].'' Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 463-468.
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Jansen]] ('''1994'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/abstracts/chess_program.html Towards a Chess Program Based on a Model of Human Memory].'' [[Advances in Computer Chess 7]]
* [[Howard B. Richman]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[James J. Staszewski]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1995'''). ''[http://ptfs.library.cmu.edu/awweb/main.jsp?flag=browse&smd=1&awdid=1 Perceptual and Memory Processes in the Acquisition of Expert Performance: The EPAM Model]''. Complex Information Processing, Working Paper #528
* [[Adriaan de Groot]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1996'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/abstracts/deGroot_abstract.html Perception and memory in chess]. Heuristics of the professional eye.'' Assen: Van Gorcum, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-232-2949-5. Chapter 9; A discussion: Two authors, two different views? [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/preprints/DeGroot_Gobet_Chapter_9.doc word reprint].
: [[FILE:DeGroot-Perception.JPG|none|border|text-bottom|link=http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/abstracts/deGroot_abstract.html]]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1996'''). ''Templates in Chess Memory: A Mechanism for Recalling Several Boards.'' Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 31, pp. 1-40.
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1996'''). ''Recall of random and distorted positions: Implications for the theory of expertise.'' Memory & Cognition, 24, 493-503.
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1996'''). ''Recall of rapidly presented random chess positions is a function of skill.'' Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 159-163, [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/preprints/Recall_random_pos.doc word reprint].
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1997'''). ''A Pattern-Recognition Theory of Search in Expert Problem Solving.'' Thinking and Reasoning, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 291-313. ISSN 1354-6783.
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1997'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/papers/DeepBlue.html Can Deep Blue make us happy? Reflections on Human and Artificial Expertise]''. [http://www.dblp.org/db/conf/aaai/aaai1997w6.html AAAI Workshop: Deep Blue Versus Kasparov: The Significance for Artificial Intelligence 1997]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Howard B. Richman]], [[James J. Staszewski]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1997'''). ''Goals, Representations, and Strategies in a Concept Attainment Task: The EPAM model''. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 37, [http://digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=34259 pdf]
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1998'''). ''Chess players’ thinking revisited.'' Swiss Journal of Psychology, 57, 18-32.
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1998'''). ''Expert chess memory: Revisiting the chunking hypothesis.'' Memory, 6, 225-255, [http://v-scheiner.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/1343/1/Copy-Task-NEW-BJP.pdf pdf]
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1998'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/papers/Meaningless/Meaningless.html Memory for the Meaningless: How Chunks Help]'' Proceedings of the 20th Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. (pp. 398-403). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1998'''). ''Pattern recognition makes search possible: Comments on Holding (1992)''. Psychological Research, Vol. 61, [http://v-scheiner.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/816/1/Paper_on_Holding.pdf pdf] <ref>[[Dennis H. Holding]] ('''1992'''). ''Theories of Chess Skill''. Psychological Research, Vol. 54, No. 1</ref>
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1999'''). ''[http://www.newinchess.com/Fernand_Gobet-aa-372.html De Groot, A.D. The Father of Chess Psychology]'', [http://www.newinchess.com/ New In Chess Magazine] 1999/8, page 84
==2000 ...==
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''2000'''). ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1207/s15516709cog2404_4/abstract Five Seconds or Sixty? Presentation Time in Expert Memory]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society Cognitive Science], Vol. 24, No. 4
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2001'''). ''[http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/contents/content24-1.htm#HERBERT%20A.%20SIMON HERBERT A. SIMON (1916 - 2001): THE SCIENTIST OF THE ARTIFICIAL]''. [[ICGA Journal#24_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 24, No. 1]]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]], [http://my.ilstu.edu/~sfcroke/ Steve Croker], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/c/Cheng:Peter_C=_H=.html Peter C-H. Cheng], [http://www.ntu.ac.uk/apps/Profiles/53951-1-4/Dr_Gary_Jones.aspx Gary Jones], [http://ijosblog.blogspot.de/2012_02_01_archive.html Iain Oliver], [http://www.liv.ac.uk/psychology-health-and-society/staff/julian-pine/ Julian M. Pine] ('''2001'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661300016624 Chunking mechanisms in human learning]''. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 6
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2001'''). ''Is Experts' Knowledge Modular?'' Proceedings of the 23rd Meeting of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society Cognitive Science Society], [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/papers/CogSci-2001-DAPCS.pdf pdf]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Guillermo Campitelli]] ('''2002'''). ''Intelligence and Chess''. In [[Jean Retschitzki]], [[Rosita Haddad-Zubel]] (eds.) ('''2002'''). ''Step by step''. Proceedings of the 4th colloquium Board games in academia. Edition [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Fribourg Universitaires Fribourg Suisse]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Guillermo Campitelli]], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/w/Waters:Andrew_J=.html Andrew J. Waters] ('''2002'''). ''Rise of human intelligence Comments on Howard (1999)''. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01602896 Intelligence], Vol. 30 <ref>[[Robert W. Howard]] ('''1999'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289699000185 Preliminary Real-World Evidence That Average Human Intelligence Really is Rising]''. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01602896 Intelligence], Vol. 27, No. 3</ref>
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2003'''). ''Implicit learning of expert chess knowledge.'' AISB Quarterly, 114, 8.
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/2134 CHREST tutorial: Simulations of human learning]''. [http://www.cogsci.northwestern.edu/cogsci2004/ CogSci 2004]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Alex de Voogt]], [[Jean Retschitzki]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://www.psypress.com/moves-in-mind-9781841693361 Moves in Mind: The Psychology of Board Games]''. ISBN 1-84169-336-7. [http://www.amazon.com/Moves-Mind-Psychology-Board-Games/dp/1841693367/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1235305948&sr=1-1 amazon.com]
* [[Guillermo Campitelli]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2004'''). ''Adaptive Expert Decision making: Skilled Chess Players Search More and Deeper.'' [[ICGA Journal#27_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 27, No. 4]]
==2005 ...==
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Jansen]] ('''2005'''). ''Training in Chess: A Scientific Approach''. [http://www.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/preprints/Training_in_chess.PDF pdf]
* [[Guillermo Campitelli]], [[Fernand Gobet]], Amanda Parker ('''2005'''). ''Structure and Stimulus Familiarity: A Study of Memory in Chess-Players with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.'' The Spanish Journal of Psychology, Vol. 8, No. 2
* [[Guillermo Campitelli]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2005'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/819 The mind's eye in blindfold chess]''. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology Vol. 17, 23-45
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2005'''). ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acp.1110/abstract Chunking Models of Expertise: Implications for Education]''. Applied Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 19, No. 2
* [[Merim Bilalić]], [[Peter McLeod]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2006'''). ''Does chess need intelligence? A study with young chess players.'' Intelligence, 35, 457-470, [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/preprints/Bilalic%20et%20al%20--%20intelligence.pdf pdf]
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2006'''). ''[[Adriaan de Groot]]: Marriage of two Passions''. [[ICGA Journal#29_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 29, No. 4]], [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/preprints/De%20Groot%27s%20obituary%20--%20ICGA.pdf pdf]
* [[Richard L. Smith]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]] ('''2007'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/1064 An Investigation into the Effect of Ageing on Expert Memory with CHREST]''. UKCI 2007
* [[Merim Bilalić]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2007'''). ''They do what they are told to do: The influence of instruction on (chess) expert perception - Commentary on Linhares and Brum (2007).'' Cognitive Science. [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/preprints/Chunks_and_instruction_short-3.pdf pdf] <ref>[[Alexandre Linhares]], [[Paulo Brum]] ('''2007'''). ''[http://perticles.blogspot.de/2008/01/linhares-brum-cognitive-science-2007.html Understanding our understanding of strategic scenarios: What role do chunks play]''. Cognitive Science, 31, [http://csjarchive.cogsci.rpi.edu/2007v31/6/HCOG_A_270264_O_NLM/HCOG_A_270264_O.pdf pdf]</ref> <ref>[[Alexandre Linhares]], [[Paulo Brum]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21585485 How Can Experts See the Invisible? Reply to Bilalic and Gobet]''. Cognitive Science, Vol 33, No. 5</ref>
* [[Guillermo Campitelli]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2007'''). ''The role of practice in chess: A longitudinal study.'' [http://www.estudiodepsicologia.com.ar/articles/1.pdf pdf]
* [[Guillermo Campitelli]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/neuroscience/contact/a-z/G-L/head_kay.phtml Kay Head], [http://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/directory/mark-buckley Mark Buckley], Amanda Parker ('''2007'''). ''Brain localisation of memory chunks in chessplayers.'' International Journal of Neuroscience, 117, 1641-1659.
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2007'''). ''Chunk hierarchies and retrieval structures: Comments on Saariluoma and Laine. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42''. [http://dspace.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/806/1/Saariluoma_Laine_reply.pdf pdf] <ref>[[Pertti Saariluoma]], [[Tei Laine]] ('''2001'''). ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9450.00223/abstract Novice construction of chess memory]''. [http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Scandinavian_Journal_of_Psychology Scandinavian Journal of Psychology], Vol. 42, No. 2</ref>
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/2120 The role of deliberate practice in expertise: Necessary but not sufficient]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society Cognitive Science Society]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Philippe Chassy]] ('''2008'''). ''Season of birth and chess expertise''. [http://www.rairo-ita.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8386350 Journal of Biosocial Science], Vol. 40, No. 2, [http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/736/1/Seasonality%20and%20chess.pdf pdf]
* [[Merim Bilalić]], [[Peter McLeod]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18565505 Why Good Thoughts Block Better Ones: The Mechanism of the Pernicious Einstellung (set) Effect]''. Cognition, Vol. 108, No. 3, [http://dspace.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/2276/1/Einstellung-Cognition.pdf preprint pdf]
* [[Merim Bilalić]], [[Peter McLeod]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010028507000102 Inflexibility of experts—Reality or myth? Quantifying the Einstellung effect in chess masters]''. Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 56, No. 2
* [[Peter Lane]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2008'''). ''A methodology for developing computational implementations of scientific theories''. [http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi?doc=abs/proceedings/uksim/2008/3114/00/3114toc.htm Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Computer Modelling & Simulation]
* [[Peter Lane]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Richard L. Smith]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/2963 Attention mechanisms in the CHREST cognitive architecture]''. Proc. of the 5th International Workshop on Attention in Cognitive Systems
* [[Richard L. Smith]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3503 Checking chess checks with chunks: A model of simple check detection]''. [http://sideshow.psyc.bbk.ac.uk/rcooper/iccm2009/proceedings/ ICCM 2009]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Philippe Chassy]] ('''2009'''). ''Expertise and Intuition: A Tale of Three Theories''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minds_and_Machines Minds and Machines], Vol. 19, No. 2
* [[Guillermo Campitelli]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=5147 Handedness, practice and talent in chess]'' from [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], January 15, 2009
* [[Merim Bilalić]], [[Peter McLeod]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://pubget.com/paper/21585497/Specialization_effect_and_its_influence_on_memory_and_problem_solving_in_expert_chess_players Specialization effect and its influence on memory and problem solving in expert chess players]''. Cognitive Science, Vol. 33, No. 6
==2010 ...==
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Philippe Chassy]], [[Merim Bilalić]] ('''2011'''). ''Foundations of Cognitive Psychology''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGraw-Hill McGraw Hill] » [http://www.amazon.com/Foundations-Cognitive-Psychology-Fernand-Philippe/dp/0077119088 amazon.com]
* [[Peter Lane]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2011'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732118X10000474 Perception in chess and beyond: Commentary on Linhares and Freitas (2010)]''. [http://www.journals.elsevier.com/new-ideas-in-psychology/ New Ideas in Psychology], Vol. 29, No. 2 <ref>[[Alexandre Linhares]], [[Anna Elizabeth T. A. Freitas]] ('''2010'''). ''Questioning Chase and Simon's (1973) “Perception in chess”: The “experience recognition” hypothesis''. [http://www.journals.elsevier.com/new-ideas-in-psychology/ New Ideas in Psychology], Vol. 28, No. 1</ref> <ref>[[Neil Charness]] ('''2012'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732118X11000766 Patterns of theorizing about chess skill - Commentary on Linhares and Freitas (2010) and Lane and Gobet (2011)]''. [http://www.journals.elsevier.com/new-ideas-in-psychology/ New Ideas in Psychology], Vol. 30, No. 3</ref>
* [[Merim Bilalić]], [[Peter McLeod]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2011'''). ''[http://philpapers.org/rec/GOBEAN Expert and “novice” problem solving strategies in chess: Sixty years of citing de Groot (1946)]''. Thinking and Reasoning, Vol. 14, No. 4
* [[Peter Lane]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2012'''). ''[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0952813X.2012.695443 A theory-driven testing methodology for developing scientific software]''. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 24, No. 4
==2015 ...==
* [[Philippe Chassy]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2015'''). ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25912894 Risk taking in adversarial situations: Civilization differences in chess experts]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognition_(journal) Cognition], Vol. 141
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Gobet Fernand Gobet from Wikipedia]
* [https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/psychology-health-and-society/staff/fernand-gobet/ Fernand Gobet - University of Liverpool]
* [http://www.chrest.info/chrest.html CHREST Home]
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
