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'''El Ajedrecista''',[[File:ajedrecista200x206.jpg|thumb|right|link=]| El Ajedrecista <ref>A New Photograph of “El jugador ajedrecista,” the World’s First Chess Computer by Nathan Bauman, July 16th, 2006</ref>]]
the [[Electro-Mechanical|electro-mechanical]] [[KRK]] solver by [[Leonardo Torres y Quevedo]]. In 1910 Torres began (other sources state 1890, or 1901 <ref>[http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/winter25.html#4525._The_first_chess_computer_C.N.s The first chess computer] Chess Notes Archive by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Winter_%28chess_historian%29 Edward Winter] (note 4525, 4547)</ref>) to construct the chess automaton. In [[Timeline#1912|1912]] it was able to automatically play a white king (initially on a8) and white rook (initially on b7) against the lonesome black king placed on any square, except 7th or 8th rank. The algorithm was suboptimal, but could win in less than 50 moves against any defense <ref>[[David Levy]] in [[Computer Chess Compendium]], Special Purpose Software and Hardware, pp. 266</ref> . It used mechanical arms to make its moves and electrical sensors to detect its opponent's replies.
A second, mechanical but not algorithmic improved El Ajedrecista was built by Leonardo Torres Quevedo's son '''Gonzalo''' in 1922, under the direction of his father. At the 1951 Paris Cybernetic Congress the advanced machine was introduced to a greater audience and explained to [[Norbert Wiener]] <ref>[http://mindell.scripts.mit.edu/homepage/ David Mindell], [http://jerome-segal.de/ acc-en.htm Jérôme Segal], [http://web.mit.edu/slava/homepage/ Slava Gerovitch] ('''2003'''). ''[httphttps://www.infoamerica.org/documentos_word/shannon-wiener.htm Cybernetics and Information Theory in the United States, France and the Soviet Union]''. in [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Walker Mark_Walker_(Wissenschaftshistoriker) Mark Walker]], (ed.) ('''2003'''). ''[httphttps://bookswww.googlecrcpress.com/booksScience-and-Ideology-A-Comparative-History/Walker/p/aboutbook/Science_and_Ideology.html?id=0Nz7Gs-C-9MC&redir_esc=y 9780415279994 Science and Ideology]: A Comparative History ]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge Routledge] » [[Claude Shannon]], [[Norbert Wiener]], covers the 1951 Paris Cybernetic Congress</ref> . Even if only playing KRK, El Ajedrecista can be considered as the world’s '''first''' chess computer, even a [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated]] [[Robots|robot]] able to move its own pieces. It is still functional and can be visited at the Torres Quevedo Museum of Engineering, Institute of Civil Engineering at the [[Technical University of Madrid|Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]] <ref>[http://www.upm.es/institucional/UPM/MuseosUPM/MuseoTorresQuevedo Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Museo "Torres Quevedo"] (Spanish)</ref>. During the [[WCCC 1992]], hosted by the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, the original El Ajedrecista was an exhibit in the tournament hall <ref>[[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Bob Herschberg]] ('''1992'''). ''The 7th World Computer-Chess Championship. Report on the Tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#15_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 15, No. 4]]</ref>.
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