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'''Depth''' is the height or ''nominal'' depth in [[Ply|plies]] between the [[Root|root]] and so called [[Horizon Node|horizon nodes]] (depth 0), where a heuristic value is assigned to. Thus, depth is the number of half moves the search ''nominally'' looks ahead.
Despite [[Quiescence Search|quiescence search]], where usually winning captures and even some checks are tried at or behind the search horizon, until positions become sufficiently quite, [[Selectivity|selectivity]] of modern chess programs, caused by [[Extensions|extensions]], [[Pruning|pruning]] and [[Reductions|reductions]], notably [[Check Extensions|check extensions]], [[Null Move Pruning|nNMPNMP]] and [[Late Move Reductions|LMR]], leads to bushy, non-uniform [[Search Tree|trees]] where some branches are searched deeper than nominal, but others shallower. A [[Depth Reduction R|depth reduction R]] of multiple plies is often performed in forward pruning techniques like [[Null Move Pruning|null move pruning]] and [[Multi-Cut|multi-cut]].
=Draft versus Ply-Index=
* [[Matej Guid]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2007'''). ''Factors affecting diminishing returns for searching deeper''. [[ICGA Journal#30_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 30, No. 2]], [http://www.ailab.si/matej/doc/Factors_Affecting_Diminishing_Returns.pdf pdf]
==2010 ...==
* [[Diogo R. Ferreira]] ('''2013'''). ''The Impact of the Search Depth on Chess Playing Strength''. [[ICGA Journal#36_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 36, No. 2]] » [[#DiminishingReturns|Diminishing Returns]], [[Match Statistics]], [[Playing Strength]], [[Houdini]] <ref>[https://www.hiarcs.net/forums/viewtopic.php?t=10004 Ply versus ELO] by Greg, [[Computer Chess Forums|HIARCS Forum]], May 30, 2020 » [[Diogo R. Ferreira#Impact|Diogo R. Ferreira - Impact of the Search Depth ...]]</ref>
* [[Tamal T. Biswas]], [[Kenneth W. Regan]] ('''2015'''). ''Quantifying Depth and Complexity of Thinking and Knowledge''. [http://www.icaart.org/EuropeanProjectSpace.aspx?y=2015 ICAART 2015], [http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~regan/papers/pdf/BiReICAART15CR.pdf pdf]
