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'''Deep Thought''',<br/>
 
'''Deep Thought''',<br/>
was a computer chess machine built at [[Carnegie Mellon University]] in the 1980's, the predecessor to [[Deep Blue]]. The project was initially started 1985 as [[Chiptest]] by the computer science doctoral students [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] and [[Thomas Anantharaman]]. [[Murray Campbell]], former co-developer of [[HiTech]], joined the ChipTest team a few month later - followed by [[Andreas Nowatzyk]], [[Mike Browne]] and [[Peter Jansen]]. The program was named Deep Thought after the fictional computer of the same name <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy from Wikipeadia]</ref> .  
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was a computer chess machine built at [[Carnegie Mellon University]] in the 1980's, the predecessor to [[Deep Blue]]. The project was initially started 1985 as [[ChipTest]] by the computer science doctoral students [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] and [[Thomas Anantharaman]]. [[Murray Campbell]], former co-developer of [[HiTech]], joined the ChipTest team a few month later - followed by [[Andreas Nowatzyk]], [[Mike Browne]] and [[Peter Jansen]]. The program was named Deep Thought after the fictional computer of the same name <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy from Wikipeadia]</ref> .  
  
 
=Photos=  
 
=Photos=  
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=Achievements=  
 
=Achievements=  
* In [[Timeline#1988|1988]] Deep Thought and Grandmaster [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Miles Tony Miles] shared first place in the Software Toolworks Open in Los Angeles. Deep Thought had a 2745 performance rating, and moved its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Chess_Federation U.S. Chess Federation] (USCF) rating up to 2551, and qualified for the $10,000 [[Edward Fredkin#Prize|Fredkin Intermediate Prize]] as the first computer to achieve a USCF performance rating of 2500 over a set of 25 contiguous games in human tournaments <ref>[[Hans Berliner]] ('''1989'''). ''Deep Thought Wins Fredkin Intermediate Prize''. AI Magazine Volume 10 Number 2, [http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/viewFile/753/671 pdf]</ref>
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* In [[Timeline#1988|1988]] Deep Thought and Grandmaster [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Miles Tony Miles] shared first place in the Software Toolworks Open in Los Angeles. Deep Thought had a 2745 performance rating, and moved its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Chess_Federation U.S. Chess Federation] (USCF) rating up to 2551, and qualified for the $10,000 [[Edward Fredkin#Prize|Fredkin Intermediate Prize]] as the first computer to achieve a USCF performance rating of 2500 over a set of 25 contiguous games in human tournaments <ref>[[Hans Berliner]] ('''1989'''). ''Deep Thought Wins Fredkin Intermediate Prize''. AI Magazine, Vol. 10, No. 2, [http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/viewFile/753/671 pdf]</ref>
 
* In 1988 Deep Thought won the [[ACM 1988|ACM championship in Orlando]]
 
* In 1988 Deep Thought won the [[ACM 1988|ACM championship in Orlando]]
 
* In [[Timeline#1989|1989]] Deep Thought won the [[WCCC 1989|6th World Computer Chess Championship in Edmonton]], with a perfect 5-0 score
 
* In [[Timeline#1989|1989]] Deep Thought won the [[WCCC 1989|6th World Computer Chess Championship in Edmonton]], with a perfect 5-0 score
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* In [[Timeline#1990|1990]] Deep Thought won the [[ACM 1990|ACM championship in  New York City]]
 
* In [[Timeline#1990|1990]] Deep Thought won the [[ACM 1990|ACM championship in  New York City]]
 
* In [[Timeline#1991|1991]] Deep Thought II won the [[ACM 1991|ACM championship in Albuquerque]]
 
* In [[Timeline#1991|1991]] Deep Thought II won the [[ACM 1991|ACM championship in Albuquerque]]
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* In [[Timeline#1994|1994]] Deep Thought II won the [[ACM 1994|ACM championship in Cape May]]
  
 
=Hardware=
 
=Hardware=
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=See also=
 
=See also=
* [[Chiptest]]
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* [[ChipTest]]
 
* [[Deep Blue]]
 
* [[Deep Blue]]
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* [[Deep Blue#DowntheRabbitHole|Deep Blue | Down the Rabbit Hole Video]]
 
* [[Eval Tuning in Deep Thought]]
 
* [[Eval Tuning in Deep Thought]]
* [[Various Classifications#Fiction|Fiction]]
 
 
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Thought 1989]]
 
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Thought 1989]]
 
* [[Levy versus Deep Thought 1989]]
 
* [[Levy versus Deep Thought 1989]]
* [[Various Classifications#Thought|Thought]]
 
  
 
=Publications=  
 
=Publications=  
* [[Thomas Anantharaman]], [[Murray Campbell]], [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] ('''1988'''). ''Singular extensions: Adding Selectivity to Brute-Force Searching''. AAAI Spring Symposium, Computer Game Playing, pp. 8-13. Also published in [[ICGA Journal#11_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 11, No. 4]], republished (1990) in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 99-109. ISSN 0004-3702.
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* [[Thomas Anantharaman]], [[Murray Campbell]], [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] ('''1988'''). ''Singular extensions: Adding Selectivity to Brute-Force Searching''. [[AAAI]] Spring Symposium, Computer Game Playing, also  in [[ICGA Journal#11_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 11, No. 4]], and ('''1990''') in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 43, No. 1
* [[Hans Berliner]] ('''1989'''). ''Deep Thought Wins Fredkin Intermediate Prize''. AI Magazine Volume 10 Number 2, [http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/viewFile/753/671 pdf]
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* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] ('''1988'''). ''The Software Toolworks Open Championship''. [[ICGA Journal#11_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 11, No. 4]]
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* [[Hans Berliner]] ('''1989'''). ''Deep Thought Wins Fredkin Intermediate Prize''. AI Magazine, Vol. 10, No. 2, [http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/viewFile/753/671 pdf]
 
* [[David Levy]] ('''1990'''). ''The End of an Era''. [[ICGA Journal#13_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1]] » [[Levy versus Deep Thought 1989]]
 
* [[David Levy]] ('''1990'''). ''The End of an Era''. [[ICGA Journal#13_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1]] » [[Levy versus Deep Thought 1989]]
 
* [[Michael Valvo]] ('''1990'''). ''Moral Victory: Karpov versus Deep Thought at Harvard''. [[ICGA Journal#13_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1]] <ref>[http://www.skepticfiles.org/cowtext/comput~1/karpovpr.htm Karpov vs. DEEP THOUGHT Cambridge, Massachusetts reported by Darren Bedwell, Compuserve 73]</ref>
 
* [[Michael Valvo]] ('''1990'''). ''Moral Victory: Karpov versus Deep Thought at Harvard''. [[ICGA Journal#13_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1]] <ref>[http://www.skepticfiles.org/cowtext/comput~1/karpovpr.htm Karpov vs. DEEP THOUGHT Cambridge, Massachusetts reported by Darren Bedwell, Compuserve 73]</ref>
* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Thomas Anantharaman]], [[Murray Campbell]], [[Andreas Nowatzyk]] ('''1990'''). ''Deep Thought''. [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]], pp. 55-78
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* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Thomas Anantharaman]], [[Murray Campbell]], [[Andreas Nowatzyk]] ('''1990'''). ''Deep Thought''. [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]]
* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Thomas Anantharaman]], [[Murray Campbell]], [[Andreas Nowatzyk]] ('''1990'''). ''[http://www.disi.unige.it/person/DelzannoG/AI2/hsu.html A Grandmaster Chess Machine]''. [[Scientific American]], Vol. 263, No. 4, pp. 44-50. ISSN 0036-8733.
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* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Thomas Anantharaman]], [[Murray Campbell]], [[Andreas Nowatzyk]] ('''1990'''). ''[http://www.disi.unige.it/person/DelzannoG/AI2/hsu.html A Grandmaster Chess Machine]''. [[Scientific American]], Vol. 263, No. 4
 
* [[Frederic Friedel]] ('''1991'''). ''Not the Mother of all Chess Machines''. [[ICGA Journal#14_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 2]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeBIT CeBIT], [http://www.365chess.com/tournaments/Hannover_1991/18664 Hannover 1991 - 365Chess.com Tournaments]</ref>
 
* [[Frederic Friedel]] ('''1991'''). ''Not the Mother of all Chess Machines''. [[ICGA Journal#14_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 2]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeBIT CeBIT], [http://www.365chess.com/tournaments/Hannover_1991/18664 Hannover 1991 - 365Chess.com Tournaments]</ref>
 
* [[Robert Levinson]] ('''1991'''). ''Man and machine, theory and practice square off in Sydney''. [[ICGA Journal#14_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 3]] <ref>[[Conferences#IJCAI1991|12. IJCAI 1991]] and [[Deep Thought]] vs. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darryl_Johansen Darryl Johansen] 1-1, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney Sydney], August 28, 1991</ref> <ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chess.pl?pid=13728&pid2=47022 Deep Thought vs. Darryl K. Johansen] from [http://www.chessgames.com/index.html chessgames.co]</ref>
 
* [[Robert Levinson]] ('''1991'''). ''Man and machine, theory and practice square off in Sydney''. [[ICGA Journal#14_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 3]] <ref>[[Conferences#IJCAI1991|12. IJCAI 1991]] and [[Deep Thought]] vs. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darryl_Johansen Darryl Johansen] 1-1, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney Sydney], August 28, 1991</ref> <ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chess.pl?pid=13728&pid2=47022 Deep Thought vs. Darryl K. Johansen] from [http://www.chessgames.com/index.html chessgames.co]</ref>
* [[Paul Hsieh]] ('''1996'''). ''[[Deep Blue]] - Deep Thought 2''. [[Computer Chess Reports]], Vol 5, No 3+4, pp. 45
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* [[Paul Hsieh]] ('''1996'''). ''Deep Blue - Deep Thought 2''. [[Computer Chess Reports]], Vol 5, No 3+4
  
 
=Forum Posts=  
 
=Forum Posts=  
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==1990 ...==
 
==1990 ...==
 
* [http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess/browse_frm/thread/763e61b8dd3cb7d9/723ff23220e73f73 Karpov-DT Match, Face to Screen] by [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.chess]], February 04, 1990
 
* [http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess/browse_frm/thread/763e61b8dd3cb7d9/723ff23220e73f73 Karpov-DT Match, Face to Screen] by [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.chess]], February 04, 1990
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* [http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess/browse_frm/thread/cca5343249f882f4# Nolot's 11 difficult positions (possible spoilers)] by [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.chess]], July 29, 1994 » [[The Nolot Suite]]
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* [http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess/browse_frm/thread/eecc575a7e25fdd3# A second look at the Nolot positions] by [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.chess]] August 2, 1994
 
* [http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess/browse_frm/thread/195d7f43cbe85c98 Deep Thought] by Thorsten Heedt, [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.chess]], April 11, 1995
 
* [http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess/browse_frm/thread/195d7f43cbe85c98 Deep Thought] by Thorsten Heedt, [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.chess]], April 11, 1995
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* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=13703 LCT II Fin4, Deep Thought, and Deep Blue (was Re: LCT II results...)] by [[Albert Silver]], [[CCC]], January 05, 1998 » [[LCT II]]
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* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=22438 Valvo-DT CC-games] by Hans Christian Lykke, [[CCC]], July 18, 1998 » [[Michael Valvo|Mike Valvo]]
 
==2000 ...==
 
==2000 ...==
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* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=88032 Nolot Bxh7 and deep thought/deep blue] by [[Vincent Diepeveen]], [[CCC]], January 12, 2000 » [[The Nolot Suite]]
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* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=90621 Deep Thought's rating during the race for the Fredkin prize] by [[Robert Hyatt]], [[CCC]], January 21, 2000 » [[Edward Fredkin#Prize|Fredkin Prize]]
 
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=128297 Deep Thought's tuning code and eval function!] by [[Severi Salminen]], [[CCC]], September 05, 2000 » [[Eval Tuning in Deep Thought]]
 
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=128297 Deep Thought's tuning code and eval function!] by [[Severi Salminen]], [[CCC]], September 05, 2000 » [[Eval Tuning in Deep Thought]]
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=386936 Test Position = GM Tony Miles vs Deep Thought, 1989 [14...Bxh2!!]] by [[José Antônio Fabiano Mendes]], [[CCC]], September 09, 2004
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* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=186072 Some facts about Deep Thought / Deep Blue] by Erkki Malkamaki, [[CCC]], August 29, 2001
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* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=187632 The Deep Thought Code] by Joshua Lee, [[CCC]], September 07, 2001
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* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=246431 positions when deep thought blundered] by [[Uri Blass]], [[CCC]], August 20, 2002
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* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=290079 What Was Deep Thought's ICC Rating??] by Joshua Lee, [[CCC]], March 20, 2003
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* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=301292 karpov - deep thought 1990] by Richard Bean, [[CCC]], June 17, 2003
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* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=382289 DEEP THOUGHT ...] by [[Guy Haworth]], [[CCC]], August 13, 2004
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* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=386936 Test Position = GM Tony Miles vs Deep Thought, 1989 <nowiki>[14...Bxh2!!]</nowiki>] by [[José Antônio Fabiano Mendes]], [[CCC]], September 09, 2004
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* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=404162 Re: Which Mephisto Version Beat Deep Thought?] by [[Steve Blincoe|Steve B]], [[CCC]], January 04, 2005 » [[ACM 1989]], [[Mephisto|Mephisto X]]
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* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=473134 Deep Thought eval -- Request by Stuart C] by [[Charles Roberson]], [[CCC]], December 24, 2005
  
 
=External Links=
 
=External Links=
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Thought_%28chess_computer%29 Deep Thought from Wikipedia]
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Thought_%28chess_computer%29 Deep Thought from Wikipedia]
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* [http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/challenging-the-world-champion/ Challenging the World Champion | Mastering the Game] [[The Computer History Museum]]
 
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=349 Deep Thought's ICGA Tournaments]
 
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=349 Deep Thought's ICGA Tournaments]
 
* [http://www.chessgames.com/player/deep_thought.html Deep Thought's games from chessgames.com]
 
* [http://www.chessgames.com/player/deep_thought.html Deep Thought's games from chessgames.com]
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=References=  
 
=References=  
 
<references />
 
<references />
 
 
'''[[Engines|Up one Level]]'''
 
'''[[Engines|Up one Level]]'''
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[[Category:Mainframe]]
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[[Category:Fiction]]
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[[Category:Douglas Adams]]
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[[Category:Thought]]

Latest revision as of 17:25, 4 November 2020

Home * Engines * Deep Thought

Deep Thought I - circuit board [1]

Deep Thought,
was a computer chess machine built at Carnegie Mellon University in the 1980's, the predecessor to Deep Blue. The project was initially started 1985 as ChipTest by the computer science doctoral students Feng-hsiung Hsu and Thomas Anantharaman. Murray Campbell, former co-developer of HiTech, joined the ChipTest team a few month later - followed by Andreas Nowatzyk, Mike Browne and Peter Jansen. The program was named Deep Thought after the fictional computer of the same name [2] .

Photos

Deep-thought-team-1988.102645336.hsu.jpg

Murray Campbell, Feng-hsiung Hsu, Thomas Anantharaman, Mike Browne and Andreas Nowatzyk,
after winning the Fredkin Intermediate Prize for Deep Thought's Grandmaster-level performance. [3]

Achievements

Hardware

DeepThoughtMG.JPG

Photomask of the move generation chip, a combinational logic 8x8 array [6]

Software

DeepThoughtHash.JPG

View into Deep Thought's source written in C with gotos [7]

See also

Publications

Forum Posts

1989

1990 ...

2000 ...

External Links

Source code to tune Deep Thought's evaluation in tar.gz format.
Andreas Nowatzyk's explanations of the the source code

References

Up one Level