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Created page with "'''Home * People * Christopher Strachey''' FILE:Stachey.jpg|border|right|thumb|208px|link=http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res43.htm#e|Christopher Strachey..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[People]] * Christopher Strachey'''
[[FILE:Stachey.jpg|border|right|thumb|208px|link=http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res43.htm#e|Christopher Strachey <ref>[http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res43.htm#e Pioneer Profiles - Christopher Strachey] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_W._Barron David Barron], [http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res_home.htm Resurrection - The Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society]</ref> ]]
'''Christopher Strachey''', (November 16, 1916 – May 18, 1975)<br/>
was a British computer scientist and pioneer in computer and [[Languages|programming language]] design, between 1952 and 1959 technical officer in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Research_Development_Corporation National Research Development Corporation], between 1962 and 1965 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_fellow fellow] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill_College,_Cambridge Churchill College, Cambridge], and from 1966 leader of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_Research_Group Programming Research Group], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxford Oxford University] <ref>[http://www.stanford.edu/group/auden/cgi-bin/auden/individual.php?pid=I13799&ged=auden-bicknell.ged&changelanguage=yes&NEWLANGUAGE=english Christopher Strachey - I13799 - Individual Information - PhpGedView]</ref>, where he worked with [[Mathematician#DScott|Dana Scott]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Stoy Joe Stoy], constituting the Scott-Strachey approach to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denotational_semantics denotational semantics] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Stoy Joe Stoy] ('''1981'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=539437 Denotational Semantics: The Scott-Strachey Approach to Programming Language Theory]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press MIT Press], ISBN 978-0262690768</ref>.
Strachey had a major role in the development of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliott_Brothers_%28computer_company%29 Elliot 401] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferranti_Pegasus Ferranti Pegasus] computers, being responsible for its logical design. In the early 1960s, along with [[Mathematician#MVWilkes|Maurice Wilkes]] at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge_Computer_Laboratory University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory], he was involved in the development of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_%28computer%29 Titan] or Atlas 2 <ref>[http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acl/technology/atlas/p018.htm Ferranti Computing Systems Atlas 2 Brochure: August 1963] from [[Atlas Computer Laboratory]], Chilton: 1961-1975</ref> , and developed the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPL_%28programming_language%29 Combined Programming Language (CPL)] <ref>CPL also dubbed as ''Cambridge + London'' or ''Christopher's (Strachey) Private Language'', [http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acl/technology/atlas/p021.htm London Atlas, Additional Material] from [[Atlas Computer Laboratory]]</ref> . His influential [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_Concepts_in_Programming_Languages fundamental concepts in programming languages] formalized the distinction between [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_%28computer_science%29 L- and R- values] <ref>[[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1967, 2000'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_Concepts_in_Programming_Languages Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher-Order_and_Symbolic_Computation Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation], Vol. 13: 11–49</ref> . In 1959, Strachey wrote one of the first seminal papers on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-sharing Time-sharing] <ref>[[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1959'''). ''Time sharing in large, fast computers''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/ifip/ifip1959.html IFIP Congress 1959]</ref> <ref>[http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/timesharing/timesharing.html Reminiscences on the History of Time Sharing] by [[John McCarthy]], 1983</ref> <ref>[http://www.bobbemer.com/TIMESHAR.HTM Origins of Timesharing] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Bemer Bob Bemer]</ref>. In his 1961 paper ''Bitwise operations'' <ref>[[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1961'''). ''Bitwise operations''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 4, No. 3</ref> he already proposed a [[Parallel Prefix Algorithms|parallel prefix]] [[Flipping Mirroring and Rotating#Rotationby180degrees|bit reversal]] algorithm <ref>[http://www.hackersdelight.org/hdcodetxt/reverse.c.txt reverse.c] from [http://www.hackersdelight.org/hdcode.htm C code for most of the programs that appear in Hacker's Delight] by [[Henry S. Warren, Jr.]]</ref>.
=Checkers=
Strachey wrote the first successful [[Artificial Intelligence|AI]] program, his [[Checkers|checkers]] (draughts) program for the [[Ferranti Mark 1]] at the [[University of Manchester]], after first trials on [[Alan Turing|Turing's]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_ACE Pilot ACE] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Physical_Laboratory,_UK National Physical Laboratory] in 1950/1951 exhausted its memory. By the summer of 1952 the program could play a complete game of checkers at a reasonable speed <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Copeland B. Jack Copeland], [http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/ucresearchprofile/researcher.aspx?researcherid=84367 Diane Proudfoot] ('''2011-2012'''). ''[http://www.rutherfordjournal.org/article040101.html Turing, Father of the Modern Computer]''. [http://www.rutherfordjournal.org/index.html The Rutherford Journal - The New Zealand Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology], Vol. 4 » with photos of [[Alan Turing]], [[John von Neumann]], [[Dietrich Prinz]], [[Christopher Strachey]], [[Jack Good]], [[Arthur Samuel]], [[Herbert Simon]], [[Allen Newell]], ...</ref> <ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/37146/artificial-intelligence-AI/219091/Early-milestones-in-AI?anchor=ref739464 artificial intelligence (AI) :: Early milestones in AI] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica Britannica Online Encyclopedia]</ref> <ref>[http://www.macalester.edu/psychology/whathap/ubnrp/intelligence05/MMhistory.html The “Modern” History of Artificial Intelligence and Programs] from [http://www.macalester.edu/academics/psychology/whathap/ubnrp/intelligence05/index.html Neuroscience Of Intelligence]</ref>, and also played “[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Save_the_Queen God Save the King]” on completion <ref>[http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res43.htm#e Pioneer Profiles - Christopher Strachey] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_W._Barron David Barron], [http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res_home.htm Resurrection - The Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society]</ref> <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7458479.stm Oldest' computer music unveiled] by [http://uk.linkedin.com/in/jonathanfildes Jonathan Fildes], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News BBC News], June 17, 2008</ref>, and already featured [[Bitboards]] for White, Black and Kings to [[Board Representation|represent the board]] <ref>On [[Bitboards]] for White, Black and Kings to [[Board Representation|represent the checkers board]], see [[Ferranti Mark 1#DavidLinkVideo|David Link Video]] at 1:04:02</ref>. His checkers program from 1966 <ref>[[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1966'''). ''[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=system-analysis-and-programming-christopher-strachey System Analysis and Programming]''. [[Scientific American]], September 1966, republished August 23, 2011</ref> written in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPL_%28programming_language%29 CPL] is available on-line, in a corrected version with courtesy of [[Peter Norvig]] <ref>[http://norvig.com/sciam/checkers-complete.html Complete Annotated Strachey Checkers Program] by [[Peter Norvig]]</ref> <ref>[http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/at-scientific-american/2011/08/23/systems-analysis-look-back-1966-scientific-american-article/ Prescient but Not Perfect: A Look Back at a 1966 Scientific American Article on Systems Analysis] by [[Peter Norvig]], August 23, 2011</ref>.
=Love Letters=
{|
|-
| In 1952, Christopher Strachey used the built-in [[Pseudorandom Number Generator|random number generator]] of the [[Ferranti Mark 1]] <ref>The function /W puts random digits into the twenty least significant digits of the accumulator. (The randomness is derived from a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance resistance] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson%E2%80%93Nyquist_noise noise] generator) - [[Alan Turing]] ('''1952'''). ''[http://www.computer50.org/kgill/mark1/progman.html#rng Programmers' Handbook for the Manchester Electronic Computer Mark II]''. 2nd edition, revised by [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/%7Eley/db/indices/a-tree/b/Brooker:R=_A=.html R.A. Brooker]</ref> to generate texts that are intended to express and arouse emotions, the Strachey [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_letter love letters] by M.U.C. ([[University of Manchester|Manchester University]] Computer), recently broached by David Link <ref>[http://www.computerconservationsociety.org/20090312.htm The Archaeology of Very Early Algorithms, 1948-58 - Christopher Strachey's Love Letter Generator] by [http://d13.documenta.de/#/de/teilnehmer/teilnehmer/david-link/ David Link], [http://www.computerconservationsociety.org/index.htm Computer Conservation Society], March 12, 2009</ref> <ref>[http://alpha60.de/loveletters/2009_zkm/ LoveLetters_1.0, 2009—...:] by [http://d13.documenta.de/#/de/teilnehmer/teilnehmer/david-link/ David Link]</ref> <ref>[http://gnoetrydaily.wordpress.com/2010/07/13/2-strachey-love-letters/ Strachey Love Letters] from [http://gnoetrydaily.wordpress.com/ Gnoetry Daily]</ref>. One sample from [https://plus.google.com/u/0/116445268322716027568/about Matt Sephton's] <ref>[http://www.gingerbeardman.com/ Websites, widgets and other wonderful things. By Matt Sephton]</ref> Loveletter Generator, a reimplementation of Strachey 's algorithm from 1952 <ref>[http://www.gingerbeardman.com/loveletter/ Christopher Strachey "Loveletters" (1952)]</ref>:
<br/><br/>
Beloved Dear, <br/>
: My anxious rapture clings to your craving<br/>
infatuation. My unsatisfied hunger impatiently longs<br/>
for your winning ardour. You are my anxious heart, my<br/>
burning rapture, my tender little liking.<br/>
: Yours curiously,<br/>
: M.U.C.
| [[FILE:Loves Messenger Stillman DAM.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|208px]]
|}
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=161-csac71180&cid=0#0 The National Archives - Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Christopher Strachey (1916 - 1975)]</ref> <ref>[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/s/Strachey:Christopher.html DBLP: Christopher Strachey]</ref>
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1952'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=808992 Logical or non-mathematical Programs]''. Proceedings of the [[ACM]] Conference, Toronto, reprinted in [[David Levy]] (ed.) ('''1988'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4613-8716-9 Computer Games I]''.
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1959'''). ''Time sharing in large, fast computers''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/%7Eley/db/conf/ifip/ifip1959.html IFIP Congress 1959]
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1961'''). ''Bitwise operations''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 4, No. 3 <ref>[http://www.hackersdelight.org/hdcodetxt/reverse.c.txt reverse.c] from [http://hackersdelight.org/HDcode.htm C code for most of the programs that appear in Hacker's Delight] by [[Henry S. Warren, Jr.]]</ref>
* [[Christopher Strachey]], [[Mathematician#MVWilkes|Maurice Wilkes]] ('''1961'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=366813.366816 Some Proposals for Improving the Efficiency of ALGOL 60]''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 4, No. 11
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_W._Barron David W. Barron], [http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/nov/12/john-buxton-obituary John Buxton] <ref>[http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/brian.randell/NATO/N1969/BUXTON.html J.N. Buxton: Software Engineering Techniques 1969]</ref> , [http://www.clare.cam.ac.uk/Fellows-and-Staff-Directory/dfh1/ David Hartley], [http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acl/technology/atlas/p021.htm Eric Nixon], [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1963'''). ''[http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/2/134.full.pdf+html The main features of CPL]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Computer_Journal The Computer Journal], Vol. 6, No. 2
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1965'''). ''[http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/4/313.full.pdf+html An impossible program (Correspondence)]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Computer_Journal The Computer Journal], Vol. 7, No. 4
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1965'''). ''A General Purpose Macrogenerator''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Computer_Journal The Computer Journal], Vol. 8, No. 3
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1966'''). ''Towards a Formal Semantics''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-Holland_Publishing_Company North-Holland]
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1966'''). ''[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=system-analysis-and-programming-christopher-strachey System Analysis and Programming]''. [[Scientific American]], September 1966, republished August 23, 2011
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1967, 2000'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_Concepts_in_Programming_Languages Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher-Order_and_Symbolic_Computation Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation], Vol. 13: 11–49
* [[Mathematician#DScott|Dana Scott]], [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1971'''). ''Toward an Mathematical Semantics for Computer Languages''. [http://ecee.colorado.edu/ecen5533/fall11/reading/PRG06.pdf pdf]
* [http://www.paperbackswap.com/Robert-Milne/author/ Robert Milne], [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1977'''). ''Theory of Programming Language Semantics. Part A & B''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapman_%26_Hall Chapman & Hall], ISBN-13: 978-0412142604, [http://www.amazon.com/Theory-Programming-Language-Semantics-VOLUMES/dp/0412142600/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1335273544&sr=1-3 amazon.com], [http://www.oldcomputerbooks.com/pages/books/B312/christopher-strachey-robert-milne/a-theory-of-programming-language-semantics-parts-a-and-b-2-volumes oldcomputerbooks.com]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Strachey Christopher Strachey from Wikipedia]
* [http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=75007 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Christopher Strachey]
* [http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res43.htm#e Pioneer Profiles - Christopher Strachey] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_W._Barron David Barron], [http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res_home.htm Resurrection - The Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society]
* [http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res60.htm#f Programming ENTER: Christopher Strachey‘s Draughts Program] by [http://d13.documenta.de/#/de/teilnehmer/teilnehmer/david-link/ David Link]
* [http://norvig.com/sciam/checkers-complete.html Complete Annotated Strachey Checkers Program] by [[Peter Norvig]]
* [http://www.bookrags.com/biography/christopher-strachey-wcs/ Christopher Strachey Biography] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BookRags BookRags]
* [http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/seminars/strachey/ The Strachey Lectures in Computing Science] at [http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/ Department of Computer Science], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxford University of Oxford]
* [http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/brian.randell/NATO/N1969/STRACHEY.html C. Strachey : Software Engineering Techniques 1969]
* [http://grandtextauto.org/2005/08/01/christopher-strachey-first-digital-artist/ Grand Text Auto » Christopher Strachey: The first digital artist?]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strachey Strachey family of Sutton Court, Somerset from Wikipedia]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey Lytton Strachey from Wikipedia] (uncle of Christopher Strachey)
* [http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/christopher-stracheys-nineteen-fifties-love-machine Christopher Strachey’s Nineteen-Fifties Love Machine] by [http://www.siobhanroberts.com/ Siobhan Roberts], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker The New Yorker], February 14, 2017
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[FILE:Stachey.jpg|border|right|thumb|208px|link=http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res43.htm#e|Christopher Strachey <ref>[http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res43.htm#e Pioneer Profiles - Christopher Strachey] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_W._Barron David Barron], [http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res_home.htm Resurrection - The Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society]</ref> ]]
'''Christopher Strachey''', (November 16, 1916 – May 18, 1975)<br/>
was a British computer scientist and pioneer in computer and [[Languages|programming language]] design, between 1952 and 1959 technical officer in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Research_Development_Corporation National Research Development Corporation], between 1962 and 1965 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_fellow fellow] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill_College,_Cambridge Churchill College, Cambridge], and from 1966 leader of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_Research_Group Programming Research Group], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxford Oxford University] <ref>[http://www.stanford.edu/group/auden/cgi-bin/auden/individual.php?pid=I13799&ged=auden-bicknell.ged&changelanguage=yes&NEWLANGUAGE=english Christopher Strachey - I13799 - Individual Information - PhpGedView]</ref>, where he worked with [[Mathematician#DScott|Dana Scott]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Stoy Joe Stoy], constituting the Scott-Strachey approach to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denotational_semantics denotational semantics] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Stoy Joe Stoy] ('''1981'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=539437 Denotational Semantics: The Scott-Strachey Approach to Programming Language Theory]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press MIT Press], ISBN 978-0262690768</ref>.
Strachey had a major role in the development of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliott_Brothers_%28computer_company%29 Elliot 401] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferranti_Pegasus Ferranti Pegasus] computers, being responsible for its logical design. In the early 1960s, along with [[Mathematician#MVWilkes|Maurice Wilkes]] at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge_Computer_Laboratory University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory], he was involved in the development of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_%28computer%29 Titan] or Atlas 2 <ref>[http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acl/technology/atlas/p018.htm Ferranti Computing Systems Atlas 2 Brochure: August 1963] from [[Atlas Computer Laboratory]], Chilton: 1961-1975</ref> , and developed the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPL_%28programming_language%29 Combined Programming Language (CPL)] <ref>CPL also dubbed as ''Cambridge + London'' or ''Christopher's (Strachey) Private Language'', [http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acl/technology/atlas/p021.htm London Atlas, Additional Material] from [[Atlas Computer Laboratory]]</ref> . His influential [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_Concepts_in_Programming_Languages fundamental concepts in programming languages] formalized the distinction between [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_%28computer_science%29 L- and R- values] <ref>[[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1967, 2000'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_Concepts_in_Programming_Languages Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher-Order_and_Symbolic_Computation Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation], Vol. 13: 11–49</ref> . In 1959, Strachey wrote one of the first seminal papers on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-sharing Time-sharing] <ref>[[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1959'''). ''Time sharing in large, fast computers''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/ifip/ifip1959.html IFIP Congress 1959]</ref> <ref>[http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/timesharing/timesharing.html Reminiscences on the History of Time Sharing] by [[John McCarthy]], 1983</ref> <ref>[http://www.bobbemer.com/TIMESHAR.HTM Origins of Timesharing] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Bemer Bob Bemer]</ref>. In his 1961 paper ''Bitwise operations'' <ref>[[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1961'''). ''Bitwise operations''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 4, No. 3</ref> he already proposed a [[Parallel Prefix Algorithms|parallel prefix]] [[Flipping Mirroring and Rotating#Rotationby180degrees|bit reversal]] algorithm <ref>[http://www.hackersdelight.org/hdcodetxt/reverse.c.txt reverse.c] from [http://www.hackersdelight.org/hdcode.htm C code for most of the programs that appear in Hacker's Delight] by [[Henry S. Warren, Jr.]]</ref>.
=Checkers=
Strachey wrote the first successful [[Artificial Intelligence|AI]] program, his [[Checkers|checkers]] (draughts) program for the [[Ferranti Mark 1]] at the [[University of Manchester]], after first trials on [[Alan Turing|Turing's]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_ACE Pilot ACE] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Physical_Laboratory,_UK National Physical Laboratory] in 1950/1951 exhausted its memory. By the summer of 1952 the program could play a complete game of checkers at a reasonable speed <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Copeland B. Jack Copeland], [http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/ucresearchprofile/researcher.aspx?researcherid=84367 Diane Proudfoot] ('''2011-2012'''). ''[http://www.rutherfordjournal.org/article040101.html Turing, Father of the Modern Computer]''. [http://www.rutherfordjournal.org/index.html The Rutherford Journal - The New Zealand Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology], Vol. 4 » with photos of [[Alan Turing]], [[John von Neumann]], [[Dietrich Prinz]], [[Christopher Strachey]], [[Jack Good]], [[Arthur Samuel]], [[Herbert Simon]], [[Allen Newell]], ...</ref> <ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/37146/artificial-intelligence-AI/219091/Early-milestones-in-AI?anchor=ref739464 artificial intelligence (AI) :: Early milestones in AI] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica Britannica Online Encyclopedia]</ref> <ref>[http://www.macalester.edu/psychology/whathap/ubnrp/intelligence05/MMhistory.html The “Modern” History of Artificial Intelligence and Programs] from [http://www.macalester.edu/academics/psychology/whathap/ubnrp/intelligence05/index.html Neuroscience Of Intelligence]</ref>, and also played “[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Save_the_Queen God Save the King]” on completion <ref>[http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res43.htm#e Pioneer Profiles - Christopher Strachey] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_W._Barron David Barron], [http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res_home.htm Resurrection - The Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society]</ref> <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7458479.stm Oldest' computer music unveiled] by [http://uk.linkedin.com/in/jonathanfildes Jonathan Fildes], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News BBC News], June 17, 2008</ref>, and already featured [[Bitboards]] for White, Black and Kings to [[Board Representation|represent the board]] <ref>On [[Bitboards]] for White, Black and Kings to [[Board Representation|represent the checkers board]], see [[Ferranti Mark 1#DavidLinkVideo|David Link Video]] at 1:04:02</ref>. His checkers program from 1966 <ref>[[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1966'''). ''[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=system-analysis-and-programming-christopher-strachey System Analysis and Programming]''. [[Scientific American]], September 1966, republished August 23, 2011</ref> written in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPL_%28programming_language%29 CPL] is available on-line, in a corrected version with courtesy of [[Peter Norvig]] <ref>[http://norvig.com/sciam/checkers-complete.html Complete Annotated Strachey Checkers Program] by [[Peter Norvig]]</ref> <ref>[http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/at-scientific-american/2011/08/23/systems-analysis-look-back-1966-scientific-american-article/ Prescient but Not Perfect: A Look Back at a 1966 Scientific American Article on Systems Analysis] by [[Peter Norvig]], August 23, 2011</ref>.
=Love Letters=
{|
|-
| In 1952, Christopher Strachey used the built-in [[Pseudorandom Number Generator|random number generator]] of the [[Ferranti Mark 1]] <ref>The function /W puts random digits into the twenty least significant digits of the accumulator. (The randomness is derived from a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance resistance] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson%E2%80%93Nyquist_noise noise] generator) - [[Alan Turing]] ('''1952'''). ''[http://www.computer50.org/kgill/mark1/progman.html#rng Programmers' Handbook for the Manchester Electronic Computer Mark II]''. 2nd edition, revised by [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/%7Eley/db/indices/a-tree/b/Brooker:R=_A=.html R.A. Brooker]</ref> to generate texts that are intended to express and arouse emotions, the Strachey [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_letter love letters] by M.U.C. ([[University of Manchester|Manchester University]] Computer), recently broached by David Link <ref>[http://www.computerconservationsociety.org/20090312.htm The Archaeology of Very Early Algorithms, 1948-58 - Christopher Strachey's Love Letter Generator] by [http://d13.documenta.de/#/de/teilnehmer/teilnehmer/david-link/ David Link], [http://www.computerconservationsociety.org/index.htm Computer Conservation Society], March 12, 2009</ref> <ref>[http://alpha60.de/loveletters/2009_zkm/ LoveLetters_1.0, 2009—...:] by [http://d13.documenta.de/#/de/teilnehmer/teilnehmer/david-link/ David Link]</ref> <ref>[http://gnoetrydaily.wordpress.com/2010/07/13/2-strachey-love-letters/ Strachey Love Letters] from [http://gnoetrydaily.wordpress.com/ Gnoetry Daily]</ref>. One sample from [https://plus.google.com/u/0/116445268322716027568/about Matt Sephton's] <ref>[http://www.gingerbeardman.com/ Websites, widgets and other wonderful things. By Matt Sephton]</ref> Loveletter Generator, a reimplementation of Strachey 's algorithm from 1952 <ref>[http://www.gingerbeardman.com/loveletter/ Christopher Strachey "Loveletters" (1952)]</ref>:
<br/><br/>
Beloved Dear, <br/>
: My anxious rapture clings to your craving<br/>
infatuation. My unsatisfied hunger impatiently longs<br/>
for your winning ardour. You are my anxious heart, my<br/>
burning rapture, my tender little liking.<br/>
: Yours curiously,<br/>
: M.U.C.
| [[FILE:Loves Messenger Stillman DAM.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|208px]]
|}
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=161-csac71180&cid=0#0 The National Archives - Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Christopher Strachey (1916 - 1975)]</ref> <ref>[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/s/Strachey:Christopher.html DBLP: Christopher Strachey]</ref>
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1952'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=808992 Logical or non-mathematical Programs]''. Proceedings of the [[ACM]] Conference, Toronto, reprinted in [[David Levy]] (ed.) ('''1988'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4613-8716-9 Computer Games I]''.
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1959'''). ''Time sharing in large, fast computers''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/%7Eley/db/conf/ifip/ifip1959.html IFIP Congress 1959]
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1961'''). ''Bitwise operations''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 4, No. 3 <ref>[http://www.hackersdelight.org/hdcodetxt/reverse.c.txt reverse.c] from [http://hackersdelight.org/HDcode.htm C code for most of the programs that appear in Hacker's Delight] by [[Henry S. Warren, Jr.]]</ref>
* [[Christopher Strachey]], [[Mathematician#MVWilkes|Maurice Wilkes]] ('''1961'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=366813.366816 Some Proposals for Improving the Efficiency of ALGOL 60]''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 4, No. 11
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_W._Barron David W. Barron], [http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/nov/12/john-buxton-obituary John Buxton] <ref>[http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/brian.randell/NATO/N1969/BUXTON.html J.N. Buxton: Software Engineering Techniques 1969]</ref> , [http://www.clare.cam.ac.uk/Fellows-and-Staff-Directory/dfh1/ David Hartley], [http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acl/technology/atlas/p021.htm Eric Nixon], [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1963'''). ''[http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/2/134.full.pdf+html The main features of CPL]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Computer_Journal The Computer Journal], Vol. 6, No. 2
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1965'''). ''[http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/4/313.full.pdf+html An impossible program (Correspondence)]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Computer_Journal The Computer Journal], Vol. 7, No. 4
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1965'''). ''A General Purpose Macrogenerator''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Computer_Journal The Computer Journal], Vol. 8, No. 3
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1966'''). ''Towards a Formal Semantics''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-Holland_Publishing_Company North-Holland]
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1966'''). ''[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=system-analysis-and-programming-christopher-strachey System Analysis and Programming]''. [[Scientific American]], September 1966, republished August 23, 2011
* [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1967, 2000'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_Concepts_in_Programming_Languages Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher-Order_and_Symbolic_Computation Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation], Vol. 13: 11–49
* [[Mathematician#DScott|Dana Scott]], [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1971'''). ''Toward an Mathematical Semantics for Computer Languages''. [http://ecee.colorado.edu/ecen5533/fall11/reading/PRG06.pdf pdf]
* [http://www.paperbackswap.com/Robert-Milne/author/ Robert Milne], [[Christopher Strachey]] ('''1977'''). ''Theory of Programming Language Semantics. Part A & B''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapman_%26_Hall Chapman & Hall], ISBN-13: 978-0412142604, [http://www.amazon.com/Theory-Programming-Language-Semantics-VOLUMES/dp/0412142600/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1335273544&sr=1-3 amazon.com], [http://www.oldcomputerbooks.com/pages/books/B312/christopher-strachey-robert-milne/a-theory-of-programming-language-semantics-parts-a-and-b-2-volumes oldcomputerbooks.com]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Strachey Christopher Strachey from Wikipedia]
* [http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=75007 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Christopher Strachey]
* [http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res43.htm#e Pioneer Profiles - Christopher Strachey] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_W._Barron David Barron], [http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res_home.htm Resurrection - The Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society]
* [http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res60.htm#f Programming ENTER: Christopher Strachey‘s Draughts Program] by [http://d13.documenta.de/#/de/teilnehmer/teilnehmer/david-link/ David Link]
* [http://norvig.com/sciam/checkers-complete.html Complete Annotated Strachey Checkers Program] by [[Peter Norvig]]
* [http://www.bookrags.com/biography/christopher-strachey-wcs/ Christopher Strachey Biography] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BookRags BookRags]
* [http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/seminars/strachey/ The Strachey Lectures in Computing Science] at [http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/ Department of Computer Science], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxford University of Oxford]
* [http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/brian.randell/NATO/N1969/STRACHEY.html C. Strachey : Software Engineering Techniques 1969]
* [http://grandtextauto.org/2005/08/01/christopher-strachey-first-digital-artist/ Grand Text Auto » Christopher Strachey: The first digital artist?]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strachey Strachey family of Sutton Court, Somerset from Wikipedia]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytton_Strachey Lytton Strachey from Wikipedia] (uncle of Christopher Strachey)
* [http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/christopher-stracheys-nineteen-fifties-love-machine Christopher Strachey’s Nineteen-Fifties Love Machine] by [http://www.siobhanroberts.com/ Siobhan Roberts], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker The New Yorker], February 14, 2017
=References=
<references />
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