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A '''Chess Problem''' or '''Composition''', set by a [https[://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_composer Category:Chess Composer|composer]], is presented to (human) solvers with a particular task to be achieved. Chess problems include the sub-genre of [[Checkmate|directmates]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helpmate helpmates] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selfmate selfmates] in a pre-determined number of moves, and [[Retrograde Analysis|retrograde analysis problems]]. Beside chess problems in classical or orthodox chess, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairy_chess Fairy chess] offers an own branch of problem solving. Unlike problems, which often present very artificial looking positions, '''Studies''' or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endgame_study endgame studies] often appear that they could occur in a game, and represent a sort of puzzle, usually not requiring a solution in a fixed number of moves. Dedicated [[:Category:Problem|chess problem and composition software]] is used as composition tool, and to prove correctness and uniqueness of chess problems. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_aesthetics Chess aesthetics] or beauty in chess is generally appreciated by both players and composers, awarded in certain championships also in the world of chess composition.

==SchwalbeMagazines== * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EG_%28magazine%29 EG (magazine) from Wikipedia]* [http://www.arves.org/arves/index.php/en/magazine-eg/eg-and-ebur/eg-nrs-1-190 EG issues from ARVES]* [http://bulletin.chessproblems.ca/ ChessProblems.ca Bulletin]* [http://www.problemschach.de/harmonie/ Harmonie] by [[Torsten Linß]] (German)

* [httphttps://wwwpdb.softdeccdieschwalbe.com/pdbde/index.jsp Chess Problem Database Server]