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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Engines]] * Chess Champion Mark V'''
[[FILE:CCMarkV.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=https://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/858179951/in/album-72157600922172552/|Chess Champion Mark V <ref>[https://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/858179951/in/album-72157600922172552/ Chess Champion Mark V] from [https://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/albums/72157600922172552/with/858179951/ 5.Scisys/Saitek | Flickr - Photo Sharing!] by [[Steve Blincoe|Chewbanta]]</ref> ]]
'''Chess Champion Mark V''', <br/>
a [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computer]] manufactured by [[Saitek|Scisys-W Ltd.]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong Hong Kong] from 1981. Primary author of a [[Z80]] based development version was [[David Broughton]], while the translation to the [[6502]] production version was done by [[Mark Taylor]] <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Levy,_David David Levy interview] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]</ref> . Both programmers were recruited into [[David Levy|Levy's]] and [[Kevin O’Connell|O’Connell's]] company [[Philidor Software]] which was closely related to [[Eric Winkler|Winkler's]] [[Saitek|Scisys-W Ltd.]] who manufactured and traded most of their computers until in summer 1981 Levy and O’Connell decided to loosen their relationship with SciSys and founded their new software company [[Intelligent Software]] <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html Chess Computers - The UK Story] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> <ref>[[Tony Harrington]] ('''1983'''). ''Intelligent Software''. [[Personal Computer World]], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive_1983.html April 1983], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/PCW_April_1983.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>.
=Features=
The Mark V had an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display LCD]-board, a striking, futuristic design and many new features. For instance, it could play simultaneously on up to 12 internal boards.
=SX Algorithm=
The Chess Champion Mark V was mentioned to use the first version of the [[SEX Algorithm]] then called SX Algorithm , which used fractional plies for [[Extensions|extensions]] and [[Reductions|reductions]] <ref>[[David Levy]], [[David Broughton]], [[Mark Taylor]] ('''1989'''). ''The [[SEX Algorithm]] in Computer Chess''. [[ICGA Journal#12_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1]]</ref> <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/images/5/56/ICCA1989_12_1_part.jpg ICCA1989 12 1 part.jpg] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki]</ref> :
Our first attempts to formalize this idea were in 1981 when one of us ([[David Broughton]]) replaced the usual integer depth (which simply controlled the maximum ply depth) with an integer SX. The SX parameter started out at the root node with some positive value, in a similar way to maximum depth, but instead of being decremented by one at each ply it would be decremented by a number determined by the type (or category) of move just made in the tree. When SX was decremented below zero this signaled the end of the search, except for the usual terminal node evaluations.
While they started the first iteration of an [[Iterative Deepening|ID framework]] with a SX-value of 10, which was incremented by 7 or 8 in further iterations, the depth decrement SXDEC was determined by static move properties, varying from 3 for the first [[Check|check]], to 7 for further [[Tactical Moves|tactical moves]] such as [[Captures|captures]] and attacking moves, up to 21, 24 or even 34 for non-tactical and apparently loosing moves. Those latter high decrements and reductions gave the Mark V the characteristic of a [[Type B Strategy|Shannon Type B]] program, which caused some tactical oversights with [[Quiet Moves|quiet moves]] involved, but made the program a strong mate solver for that time.
=Initial Success=
In September 1981, the Chess Champion Mark V won the commercial group of the [[WMCCC 1981|2nd World Microcomputer Chess Championship]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travem%C3%BCnde Travemünde], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany West Germany]. The initial success could not be sustained with a strong upgrade. The [[Chess Champion Mark VI]] <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_champion_mark_vi___senso.html Chess Champion Mark VI + Sensor Board] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Scisys_Chess_Champion_Mark_VI SciSys Chess Champion Mark VI] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki] (German)</ref> module that followed a year or two later was only marginally stronger than the Mark V. A [[Piece Recognition|piece recognition]] [[Sensory Board|sensory board]] was planned and patented but after much delay SciSys released a flawed auto sensory board instead. The Mark VI and sensory board were a commercial flop <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html Chess Computers - The UK Story] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> .
=See also=
* [[Chess Champion Mark IV]]
* [[Chess Champion Mark VI]]
* [[Milton Bradley Phantom]]
* [[SEX Algorithm]]
=Publications=
* Editor ('''1982'''). ''[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/30/march-1982-news/ March 1982-News - Experts confounded as machine out-thinks Grandmaster Nunn]''. [[Your Computer]], [http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/30/march-1982-contents-and-editorial/ March 1982]
* [[John F. White]] ('''1982'''). ''[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/31/review-chess-computers/ Review-Chess Computers]''. [[Your Computer]], [http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/30/march-1982-contents-and-editorial/ March 1982]
* [[Max Bramer]] ('''1982'''). ''Chess - Chess Champion Mark V’s ability at solving chess problems''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_and_Video_Games Computer & Video Games], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive_1982.html April 1982], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/Computer___Video_Games_April_1982.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Mike Watters]]
* [[David Levy]], [[David Broughton]], [[Mark Taylor]] ('''1989'''). ''The SEX Algorithm in Computer Chess''. [[ICGA Journal#12_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1]] » [[SEX Algorithm]]
=External Links=
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=499 Chess Champion Mark V (ICGA Tournaments)]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_champion_mark_v.html Chess Champion Mark V] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html Chess Computers - The UK Story] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html Scisys and Novag : The Early Years] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/SciSys_Chess_Champion_Mark_V SciSys Chess Champion Mark V] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German, parts in English)
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one level]]'''
[[FILE:CCMarkV.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=https://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/858179951/in/album-72157600922172552/|Chess Champion Mark V <ref>[https://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/858179951/in/album-72157600922172552/ Chess Champion Mark V] from [https://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/albums/72157600922172552/with/858179951/ 5.Scisys/Saitek | Flickr - Photo Sharing!] by [[Steve Blincoe|Chewbanta]]</ref> ]]
'''Chess Champion Mark V''', <br/>
a [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computer]] manufactured by [[Saitek|Scisys-W Ltd.]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong Hong Kong] from 1981. Primary author of a [[Z80]] based development version was [[David Broughton]], while the translation to the [[6502]] production version was done by [[Mark Taylor]] <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Levy,_David David Levy interview] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]</ref> . Both programmers were recruited into [[David Levy|Levy's]] and [[Kevin O’Connell|O’Connell's]] company [[Philidor Software]] which was closely related to [[Eric Winkler|Winkler's]] [[Saitek|Scisys-W Ltd.]] who manufactured and traded most of their computers until in summer 1981 Levy and O’Connell decided to loosen their relationship with SciSys and founded their new software company [[Intelligent Software]] <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html Chess Computers - The UK Story] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> <ref>[[Tony Harrington]] ('''1983'''). ''Intelligent Software''. [[Personal Computer World]], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive_1983.html April 1983], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/PCW_April_1983.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>.
=Features=
The Mark V had an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display LCD]-board, a striking, futuristic design and many new features. For instance, it could play simultaneously on up to 12 internal boards.
=SX Algorithm=
The Chess Champion Mark V was mentioned to use the first version of the [[SEX Algorithm]] then called SX Algorithm , which used fractional plies for [[Extensions|extensions]] and [[Reductions|reductions]] <ref>[[David Levy]], [[David Broughton]], [[Mark Taylor]] ('''1989'''). ''The [[SEX Algorithm]] in Computer Chess''. [[ICGA Journal#12_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1]]</ref> <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/images/5/56/ICCA1989_12_1_part.jpg ICCA1989 12 1 part.jpg] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki]</ref> :
Our first attempts to formalize this idea were in 1981 when one of us ([[David Broughton]]) replaced the usual integer depth (which simply controlled the maximum ply depth) with an integer SX. The SX parameter started out at the root node with some positive value, in a similar way to maximum depth, but instead of being decremented by one at each ply it would be decremented by a number determined by the type (or category) of move just made in the tree. When SX was decremented below zero this signaled the end of the search, except for the usual terminal node evaluations.
While they started the first iteration of an [[Iterative Deepening|ID framework]] with a SX-value of 10, which was incremented by 7 or 8 in further iterations, the depth decrement SXDEC was determined by static move properties, varying from 3 for the first [[Check|check]], to 7 for further [[Tactical Moves|tactical moves]] such as [[Captures|captures]] and attacking moves, up to 21, 24 or even 34 for non-tactical and apparently loosing moves. Those latter high decrements and reductions gave the Mark V the characteristic of a [[Type B Strategy|Shannon Type B]] program, which caused some tactical oversights with [[Quiet Moves|quiet moves]] involved, but made the program a strong mate solver for that time.
=Initial Success=
In September 1981, the Chess Champion Mark V won the commercial group of the [[WMCCC 1981|2nd World Microcomputer Chess Championship]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travem%C3%BCnde Travemünde], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany West Germany]. The initial success could not be sustained with a strong upgrade. The [[Chess Champion Mark VI]] <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_champion_mark_vi___senso.html Chess Champion Mark VI + Sensor Board] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Scisys_Chess_Champion_Mark_VI SciSys Chess Champion Mark VI] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki] (German)</ref> module that followed a year or two later was only marginally stronger than the Mark V. A [[Piece Recognition|piece recognition]] [[Sensory Board|sensory board]] was planned and patented but after much delay SciSys released a flawed auto sensory board instead. The Mark VI and sensory board were a commercial flop <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html Chess Computers - The UK Story] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> .
=See also=
* [[Chess Champion Mark IV]]
* [[Chess Champion Mark VI]]
* [[Milton Bradley Phantom]]
* [[SEX Algorithm]]
=Publications=
* Editor ('''1982'''). ''[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/30/march-1982-news/ March 1982-News - Experts confounded as machine out-thinks Grandmaster Nunn]''. [[Your Computer]], [http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/30/march-1982-contents-and-editorial/ March 1982]
* [[John F. White]] ('''1982'''). ''[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/31/review-chess-computers/ Review-Chess Computers]''. [[Your Computer]], [http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/30/march-1982-contents-and-editorial/ March 1982]
* [[Max Bramer]] ('''1982'''). ''Chess - Chess Champion Mark V’s ability at solving chess problems''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_and_Video_Games Computer & Video Games], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive_1982.html April 1982], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/Computer___Video_Games_April_1982.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Mike Watters]]
* [[David Levy]], [[David Broughton]], [[Mark Taylor]] ('''1989'''). ''The SEX Algorithm in Computer Chess''. [[ICGA Journal#12_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1]] » [[SEX Algorithm]]
=External Links=
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=499 Chess Champion Mark V (ICGA Tournaments)]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_champion_mark_v.html Chess Champion Mark V] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html Chess Computers - The UK Story] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html Scisys and Novag : The Early Years] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/SciSys_Chess_Champion_Mark_V SciSys Chess Champion Mark V] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German, parts in English)
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one level]]'''
