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[[FILE:CheckersStandard.jpg|border|right|thumb| Checkers board <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkers Checkers (English draughts) from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Checkers''', <br/>
also American Checkers or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_draughts English draughts], is a variant of [[Draughts]] played on an eight by eight board using 32 either dark or light [[Squares|squares]]. Like [[Chess]], Checkers is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-player_game two-player] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-sum_%28game_theory%29 zero-sum] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_information perfect information] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_strategy abstract strategy] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_game board game].
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=389 Colossus Draughts] by [[Martin Bryant]]
* [http://checkersbackground.com/samuel-s-and-the.html The Duke program] by [[Eric Jensen]], [[Tom Truscott]] and [[Alan Biermann]]
* [http://www.3dkingdoms.com/checkers.htm GuiNN Checkers 2.0] by [[Jonathan Kreuzer]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=75190&start=21 Re: First success with neural nets] by [[Jonathan Kreuzer]], [[CCC]], November 11, 2020 » [[Neural Networks]]</ref>
* [http://edgilbert.org/Checkers/KingsRow.htm KingsRow] by [[Ed Gilbert]]
* [http://www.nemesis.info/index.html Nemesis] by [[Murray Cash]]
* [[Jonathan Schaeffer]], [[Neil Burch]], [[Yngvi Björnsson]], [[Akihiro Kishimoto]], [[Martin Müller]], [[Rob Lake]], [[Paul Lu]], [[Steve Sutphen]] ('''2007'''). ''[http://www.sciencemag.org/content/317/5844/1518.abstract Checkers is Solved]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_%28journal%29 Science], Vol. 317, no. 5844
* [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/k/Kusiak:Magdalena.html Magdalena Kusiak], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/w/Waledzik:Karol.html Karol Walędzik], [[Jacek Mańdziuk]] ('''2007'''). ''Evolutionary Approach to the Game of Checkers''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/icannga/icannga2007-1.html#KusiakWM07 8. ICANNGA], [http://www.mini.pw.edu.pl/~mandziuk/PRACE/ICANNGA07-1.pdf pdf]
* [[Jonathan Schaeffer]] ('''1997, 2009'''). ''[http://www.springer.com/computer/artificial/book/978-0-387-76575-4 One Jump Ahead] Challenging Human Supremacy in Checkers''. Springer, ISBN 0-387-94930-5, ISBN 978-0-387-76575-4
* [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hd/a/Al=Khateeb:Belal Belal Al-Khateeb], [[Graham Kendall]] ('''2009'''). ''Introducing a round robin tournament into Blondie24''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/cig/cig2009.html#Al-KhateebK09 CIG 2009]
==2010 ...==
* [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/w/Waledzik:Karol.html Karol Walędzik], [[Jacek Mańdziuk]] ('''2010'''). ''The Layered Learning method and its Application to Generation of Evaluation Functions for the Game of Checkers''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/ppsn/ppsn2010-2.html#WaledzikM10 11. PPSN], [http://www.mini.pw.edu.pl/~mandziuk/PRACE/PPSN10.pdf pdf]
* [[João Guerra]] ('''2011'''). ''Classical Checkers''. Masters thesis, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_University_of_Lisbon Technical University of Lisbon], [https://dspace.ist.utl.pt/bitstream/2295/1051359/1/dissertacao.pdf pdf]
* [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/a/Al=Khateeb:Belal Belal Al-Khateeb], [[Graham Kendall]] ('''2011'''). ''[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5949894 The importance of look-ahead depth in evolutionary checkers]''. [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/cec/cec2011.html CEC 2011]
* [[Aart Bik]] ('''2012'''). ''Computing Deep Perft and Divide Numbers for Checkers''. [[ICGA Journal#35_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 35, No. 4]] » [[Perft]]
* [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/a/Al=Khateeb:Belal Belal Al-Khateeb], [[Graham Kendall]] ('''2012'''). ''Introducing Individual and Social Learning Into Evolutionary Checkers''. [[IEEE#TOCIAIGAMES|IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games]], Vol. 4, No. 4, [http://www.informatikgraham-kendall.com/papers/ak2012.pdf pdf]* [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hd/a/Al=Khateeb:Belal Belal Al-Khateeb], [[Graham Kendall]] ('''2012'''). ''[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11390-012-1280-6 Effect of Look-Ahead Depth in Evolutionary Checkers]''. [httphttps://www.informatikdblp.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/journals/jcst/jcst27.html#Al-KhateebK12 Journal of Computer Science and Technology, Vol. 27], No. 5==2015 ...==
* [[Danilo Carvalho]], [[Minh Le Nguyen]], [[Hiroyuki Iida]] ('''2017'''). ''An Analysis of Majority Voting in Homogeneous Groups for Checkers: Understanding Group Performance through Unbalance''. [[Advances in Computer Games 15]], [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318718797_An_Analysis_of_Majority_Voting_in_Homogeneous_Groups_for_Checkers_Understanding_Group_Performance_through_Unbalance?ev=prf_high ResearchGate]
* [[Jan-Jaap van Horssen]] ('''2018'''). ''Complexity of checkers and draughts on different board sizes''. [[ICGA Journal#40_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 40, No. 4]]
* [[Nathan Sturtevant]] ('''2019'''). ''On Strongly Solving Chinese Checkers''. [[Advances in Computer Games 16]]
==2020 ...==
* [[Bill Jordan]] ('''2021'''). ''How to Write a Checkers Program''. [https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0968R3TW4/ amazon] <ref>[https://github.com/billjordanchess/Checkers-King GitHub - billjordanchess/Checkers-King]</ref>
=Forum Posts=
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=63153 Checkers Is Strongly-Solved for 8-pieces] by [[Ed Trice]], [[CCC]], February 12, 2017
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=64487 Checkers Bitboard representation] by Pranav Deshpande, [[CCC]], July 02, 2017 » [[Bitboards]]
==2020 ...==
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=75190&start=21 Re: First success with neural nets] by [[Jonathan Kreuzer]], [[CCC]], November 11, 2020 » [[Neural Networks]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=77768 Fortress detection?] by [[Martin Fierz]], [[CCC]], July 21, 2021 » [[Fortress]]
=External Links=
