Changes

'''Bitboards''',[[File:BoardsMeeting.jpg|border|right|thumb|[[:Category:Samuel Bak|Samuel Bak]] - Boards Meeting <ref> [[:Category:Samuel Bak|Samuel Bak]] - Boards Meeting, Oil on Canvas, 39 x 32". [http://chgs.elevator.umn.edu/asset/viewAsset/57f3b6787d58ae5f74bf8ba9#57f3b6d77d58ae5574bf8bcf Chess in the Art of Samuel Bak], [http://chgs.elevator.umn.edu/ Center for Holocaust & Genocide Studies], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Minnesota [University of Minnesota]]</ref>]]  '''Bitboards''',<br/>also called bitsets or bitmaps, are among other things used to represent the [[Chessboard|board]] inside a chess program in a '''piece centric''' manner. Bitboards, are in essence, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_set finite sets] of up to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64_%28number%29 64] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element_%28mathematics%29 elements] - all the [[Squares|squares]] of a [[Chessboard|chessboard]], one [[Bit|bit]] per square. Other board [[Games|games]] with greater board sizes may be use set-wise representations as well <ref>[[Reijer Grimbergen]] ('''2007'''). ''Using Bitboards for Move Generation in Shogi''. [[ICGA Journal#30_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 30, No. 1]], [http://www2.teu.ac.jp/gamelab/RESEARCH/ICGAJournal2007.pdfICGAJournal2007.pdf pdf]</ref>, but classical chess has the advantage that one [[Quad Word|64-bit word]] or register covers the whole board. Even more bitboard friendly is [[Checkers]] with 32-bit bitboards and less [[Pieces#PieceTypeCoding|piece-types]] than chess <ref>[http://www.3dkingdoms.com/checkers/bitboards.htm Checker Bitboards Tutorial] by [[Jonathan Kreuzer]]</ref> <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=64487 Checkers Bitboard representation] by Pranav Deshpande, [[CCC]], July 02, 2017</ref>.

* <span id="getPiece"></span>Bitboards are weak in answering questions like what piece if any resides on square x. One reason to keep a redundant [[Mailbox|mailbox]] board representation with some additional [[Incremental Updates|update]] costs during [[Make Move|make]]/[[Unmake Move|unmake]].

* [[Shi-Jim Yen]], [[Jung-Kuei Yang]] ('''2009'''). ''The Bitboard Design and Bitwise Computing in Connect Six''. [[Conferences#GPW|14th Game Programming Workshop]] » [[Connect6]]

* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=60007 M42 - A C++ library for Bitboard attack mask generation] by [[Syed Fahad]], [[CCC]], April 30, 2016 <ref>[https://sites.google.com/site/sydfhd/projects/m42 M42] by [[Syed Fahad]]</ref>

* [httphttps://cinnamonchessgekomad.altervistagithub.orgio/bitboard_calculatorCinnamon/Calc.html BitboardCalculator Bitboard Calculator] by [[Giuseppe Cannella]]