Difference between revisions of "Bill Gosper"
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[[File:Bill_Gosper_2006.jpg|border|right|thumb|240px|Bill Gosper 2006 <ref>Mathematician Bill Gosper in March, 2006 at the [http://www.ifp.illinois.edu/~sdickson/G4G7/G4G7_Trip_Report.html Seventh Gathering for Gardner] (G4G7) in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta Atlanta], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_%28U.S._state%29 Georgia], March 16, 2006, Photographer [http://www.flickr.com/people/thane/ Thane Plambeck]</ref>]] | [[File:Bill_Gosper_2006.jpg|border|right|thumb|240px|Bill Gosper 2006 <ref>Mathematician Bill Gosper in March, 2006 at the [http://www.ifp.illinois.edu/~sdickson/G4G7/G4G7_Trip_Report.html Seventh Gathering for Gardner] (G4G7) in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta Atlanta], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_%28U.S._state%29 Georgia], March 16, 2006, Photographer [http://www.flickr.com/people/thane/ Thane Plambeck]</ref>]] | ||
− | '''Ralph William (Bill) Gosper, Jr.''', | + | '''Ralph William (Bill) Gosper, Jr.''',<br/> |
an American mathematician and computer scientist, along with [[Richard Greenblatt]] considered the co-founder of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_culture hacker] community <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackers:_Heroes_of_the_Computer_Revolution Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution]</ref>. In the 60s, affiliated with [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], he worked for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_MAC%7CProject Project MAC] (Machine-Aided Cognition), where his contributions to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_mathematics computational mathematics] and [[Bit-Twiddling]] include [[#HAKMEM|HAKMEM]] and [[Lisp#Maclisp|Maclisp]]. He helped Greenblatt with his chess program [[Mac Hack|Mac Hack VI]], and operated the [[PDP-6]] when [[Mac Hack#RobertQ|Robert Q]] played its first tournament game versus Carl Wagner. | an American mathematician and computer scientist, along with [[Richard Greenblatt]] considered the co-founder of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_culture hacker] community <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackers:_Heroes_of_the_Computer_Revolution Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution]</ref>. In the 60s, affiliated with [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], he worked for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_MAC%7CProject Project MAC] (Machine-Aided Cognition), where his contributions to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_mathematics computational mathematics] and [[Bit-Twiddling]] include [[#HAKMEM|HAKMEM]] and [[Lisp#Maclisp|Maclisp]]. He helped Greenblatt with his chess program [[Mac Hack|Mac Hack VI]], and operated the [[PDP-6]] when [[Mac Hack#RobertQ|Robert Q]] played its first tournament game versus Carl Wagner. | ||
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* Bill Gosper ('''1974'''). ''[https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/6088 Acceleration of Series], Memo 304''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Computer_Science_and_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory CSAIL], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] | * Bill Gosper ('''1974'''). ''[https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/6088 Acceleration of Series], Memo 304''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Computer_Science_and_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory CSAIL], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] | ||
* Bill Gosper ('''1977'''). ''Decision procedure for indefinite hypergeometric summation''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America PNAS USA], Vol. 75, No. 1, [http://www.pnas.org/content/75/1/40.full.pdf pdf] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gosper%27s_algorithm Gosper's algorithm from Wikipedia]</ref> | * Bill Gosper ('''1977'''). ''Decision procedure for indefinite hypergeometric summation''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America PNAS USA], Vol. 75, No. 1, [http://www.pnas.org/content/75/1/40.full.pdf pdf] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gosper%27s_algorithm Gosper's algorithm from Wikipedia]</ref> | ||
+ | * Corey Ziegler Hunts, Julian Ziegler Hunts, [[Bill Gosper]], [[Jack Holloway]] ('''2010'''). ''[http://www.blurb.com/b/2172660-minskys-trinskys-3rd-edition Minskys & Trinskys]''. 3rd edition, [http://gosper.org/Minskys/ Minsky files] by Bill Gosper <ref>[https://nbickford.wordpress.com/2011/04/03/the-minsky-circle-algorithm/ The Minsky Circle Algorithm – Random (Blog] by [https://nbickford.wordpress.com/author/nbickford/ Neil Bickford], April 3, 2011</ref> | ||
=External Links= | =External Links= | ||
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'''[[People|Up one level]]''' | '''[[People|Up one level]]''' | ||
+ | [[Category:Researcher|Gosper]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Programmer|Gosper]] |
Revision as of 21:21, 2 April 2019
Ralph William (Bill) Gosper, Jr.,
an American mathematician and computer scientist, along with Richard Greenblatt considered the co-founder of the hacker community [2]. In the 60s, affiliated with MIT, he worked for Project MAC (Machine-Aided Cognition), where his contributions to computational mathematics and Bit-Twiddling include HAKMEM and Maclisp. He helped Greenblatt with his chess program Mac Hack VI, and operated the PDP-6 when Robert Q played its first tournament game versus Carl Wagner.
In the 70s, Bill Gosper moved to Stanford University for some years, where he lectured and helped Donald Knuth to write volume II of The Art of Computer Programming. He has worked at or consulted for Xerox PARC, Symbolics, Wolfram Research, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Macsyma [3]. Bill Gosper created numerous packing problem puzzles such as the Twubblesome Twelve [4], and was interested in the Conway's Game of Life, where he found the Gun and originated the Hashlife algorithm to speed up the computation of Life patterns.
Contents
Robert Q
First tournament game by a computer, Carl Wagner (2190) - Mac Hack VI aka "Robert Q", January 21, 1967 [5]. "Robert Q", a computer programmed to play chess, was beaten in its first competition with a human, Carl Wagner. The computer, at MIT in Cambridge, Mass., was operated by Allen Moulton, and R. William Gosper, while Wagner made his moves several miles away in the YMCU in Boston. The moves were relayed into the computer by teletype operated by Alan Baisley. "Robert Q" was entered as an experiment, in the monthly Boylston Chess Club Tournament at the Young Mens Christian Union.
Allen Moulton and R. William Gosper (rear right) operating "Robert Q" on a PDP-6 [6]
HAKMEM
HAKMEM, alternatively known as AI Memo 239, is a February 1972 "memo" (technical report) of the MIT AI Lab by Gosper et al. that describes a wide variety of hacks, primarily useful and clever algorithms [7], and even a chess position [8] [9]. A few samples, referred elsewhere:
HAKMEM 70
HAKMEM 70 [10], A neat chess problem, swiped from Chess for Fun and Chess for Blood, by Edward Lasker [11]. White mates in three moves [12]:
♗ ♙ ♟ ♘ ♚♙ ♔ |
5B2/6P1/1p6/8/1N6/kP6/2K5/8 w - -
HAKMEM 169
HAKMEM 169, to count the ones in a PDP-6/PDP-10 36-bit word, written in Assembly [13] [14]:
LDB B,[014300,,A] ;or MOVE B,A then LSH B,-1 AND B,[333333,,333333] SUB A,B LSH B,-1 AND B,[333333,,333333] SUBB A,B ;each octal digit is replaced by number of 1's in it LSH B,-3 ADD A,B AND A,[070707,,070707] IDIVI A,77 ;casting out 63.'s
HAKMEM 175
HAKMEM 175 - next higher number with the same number of one bits (Snoob), by Bill Gosper, PDP-6 Assembly [15]:
MOVE B,A MOVN C,B AND C,B ADD A,C MOVE D,A XOR D,B LSH D,-2 IDIVM D,C IOR A,C
Gosper's Glider Gun
Gosper's Glider Gun in action — a variation of Conway's Game of Life [16]
See also
Selected Publications
- Michael Beeler, Bill Gosper, Rich Schroeppel (1972). HAKMEM, Memo 239. CSAIL, MIT [17]
- Bill Gosper (1974). Acceleration of Series, Memo 304. CSAIL, MIT
- Bill Gosper (1977). Decision procedure for indefinite hypergeometric summation. PNAS USA, Vol. 75, No. 1, pdf [18]
- Corey Ziegler Hunts, Julian Ziegler Hunts, Bill Gosper, Jack Holloway (2010). Minskys & Trinskys. 3rd edition, Minsky files by Bill Gosper [19]
External Links
- HAKMEM from Wikipedia, HAKMEMC -- HAKMEM Programming hacks in C by Alan Mycroft
- Gosper's algorithm from Wikipedia
- Gosper curve from Wikipedia
- Hashlife from Wikipedia
References
- ↑ Mathematician Bill Gosper in March, 2006 at the Seventh Gathering for Gardner (G4G7) in Atlanta, Georgia, March 16, 2006, Photographer Thane Plambeck
- ↑ Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
- ↑ Bill Gosper from Wikipedia
- ↑ Twubblesome Twelve - a difficult puzzle by Bill Gosper
- ↑ MIT Computer Loses to Human in Chess. Sun Journal (Lewiston), January 23, 1967, Google News
- ↑ MIT Computer Loses to Human in Chess. Sun Journal (Lewiston), January 23, 1967, Google News
- ↑ HAKMEM from Wikipedia
- ↑ Michael Beeler, Bill Gosper, Rich Schroeppel (1972). HAKMEM, Memo 239. CSAIL, MIT
- ↑ HAKMEMC -- HAKMEM Programming hacks in C by Alan Mycroft
- ↑ HAKMEM - GAMES: ITEM 70
- ↑ Edward Lasker (1942,1962) Chess for Fun and Chess for Blood. Dover Publications; 2 Edition, ISBN-13: 978-0486201467, amazon
- ↑ 1.g8=N b5 2.Ne7 Kxb4 3.Nc6#
- ↑ HAKMEM 169 by Gosper, Mann, Lenard, (Root and Mann), HAKMEM
- ↑ PDP-10 Machine Language
- ↑ HAKMEM 175 by Bill Gosper
- ↑ Bill Gosper's Glider Gun in action — a variation of Conway's Game of Life. This image was made by using Life32 v2.15 beta by Johan G. Bontes, 2005, Gun (cellular automaton) from Wikipedia
- ↑ Web-available by Henry Baker
- ↑ Gosper's algorithm from Wikipedia
- ↑ The Minsky Circle Algorithm – Random (Blog by Neil Bickford, April 3, 2011