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the dominating chess machine in the late 70s and early 80s, was developed by [[Ken Thompson]] and [[Joe Condon]] <ref>[http://www.nj.com/independentpress/index.ssf/2012/03/creator_of_belle_computer_ches.html Creator of Belle computer chess dies at 76], [http://www.nj.com/ NJ.com], March 02, 2012</ref> from [[Bell Laboratories]]. It was five times winner of the [[ACM North American Computer Chess Championship]], the [[ACM 1978]], [[ACM 1980]], [[ACM 1981]], [[ACM 1982]], and [[ACM 1986]], and won the [[WCCC 1980|Third World Computer Chess Championship]] 1980 in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linz Linz] <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/tournament.php?id=68 3rd World Computer Chess Championship]</ref>.
Belle consists of a special-purpose hardware and associated software, and was pure [[Brute-Force|brute-force]]. Belle started in the early 70s as a sole software approach, but more and more emerged to a hybrid chess computer, next using a [[Move Generation|move generator]], a [[Evaluation|position evaluator]], and a [[Transposition Table|transposition table]] inside a special-purpose hardware. In its final incarnation, Belle was composed of a [[PDP-11|PDP-11/23]], and further a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LSI-11#LSI-11 LSI-11] processor with several custom boards. The speed increased from 200 [[Nodes per secondSecond|nps]] from the software version to about 160,000 nps of the machine mentioned at the [[Advances in Computer Chess 3]] conference in 1981.
<span id="Blitz"></span>
=Photos & Games=
==Blitz 6.5==
[[FILE:kenKen-joe.JPG|none|border|text-bottom|580px|link=httphttps://cmwww.bell-labs.com/cmusr/cs/whodmr/dmrwww/ken-games.html]] Belle, [[Joe Condon]] and [[Ken Thompson]] revisiting the [[ACM 1978|1978 ACM]] [[Blitz|Blitz 6.5]] - Belle game (1982) <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie Dennis Ritchie] ('''2001'''). ''[httphttps://cmwww.bell-labs.com/cmusr/csdmr/who/dmrwww/ken-games.html Ken, Unix, and Games]'', [http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/contents/content24-2.htm ICGA Journal, Vol. 24. No. 2]</ref> <ref>Editor ('''1979'''). ''Will Blitz be next year's champ?'' [[Personal Computing]], Vol. 3, No. 7, pp. 80, July 1979</ref>
<pre>
[Event "ACM 1978"]
=See also=
* [[Excalibur Mirage#AttackMaps|Attack Maps]] in [[Excalibur Mirage]]
* [[Berkeley Chess Microprocessor]]
* [[Brutus]]
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/docs/References.pdf [ICGA Journal#RefDB|ICGA Reference Database] (pdf)]</ref>
* [http://www.computerwoche.de/heftarchiv/1981/4/1185023/ "Belle" wurde auch US-Champion 1980: Frecher Schachzwerg beweist Kaltblütigkeit], January 23, 1981, [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] 3/1981 (German) » [[ACM 1980]]
* [[Kevin O’Connell]] ('''1981'''). ''Belle, Beller, Bellest''. [[Personal Computer World]], July 1981 <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive.html Publication Archive] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>
* [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=23230 The chess games of Belle (Computer)] from [http://www.chessgames.com/index.html chessgames.com]
* [http://quux.org:70/Archives/usenet-a-news/NET.chess/82.01.07_sri-unix.458_net.chess.txt QUEEN vs. ROOK] by [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-62632443.html Warren Stenberg] and Edware J. Conway, reprinted from the January, 1979 issue of the Minnesota Chess Journal, The Usenet Oldnews Archive, Compilation Copyright (C) 1981, 1996 Bruce Jones, Henry Spencer, David Wiseman » [[ACM 1978]], [[Endgame Tablebases]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Browne Walter Browne]
* [http://www.chess.com/article/view/belle-baczynskyj-and-bisguier BELLE, Baczynskyj, and Bisguier] by [http://www.chess.com/members/view/spassky Bruce Till], August 06, 2009, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com [Chess.com]] » [[Boris Baczynskyj]]
* [http://www.i-programmer.info/history/people/547-ritchie-a-thompson.html?start=2 Ritchie & Thompson - Belle for Chess] from [http://www.i-programmer.info/ I Programmer - programming, reviews and projects], January 26, 2011
* [http://www.danamackenzie.com/blog/?p=1409 My Games Against World Champions (Part 1)] by [[Dana Mackenzie]], [http://www.danamackenzie.com/blog/ Dana Blogs Chess], April 24, 2012
'''[[Engines|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:PDP-11]]
