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[[FILE:Youghal Battery.JPG|border|right|thumb|Battery of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_cannon English cannon] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artillery_battery Artillery battery from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
A '''Battery''' in chess is a formation of two or more [[Sliding Piece Attacks|sliding pieces]] with common [[Direction|attacking directions]] along the same [[Ranks|rank]], [[Files|file]], or [[Diagonals|diagonal]]. Their attacks conjoin on one or more [[Target Square|target squares]] in one [[Direction|ray-direction]], attacked at least once directly, and one or more times indirectly. A battery is a chess tactics related term, often motivated by [[Strategy|strategic]] [[Pawn Structure|pawn structure]] related considerations. In the [[Middlegame|middlegame]], a ([[Rook|rook]]) battery attacking a [[Weak Pawns|weak]] opponent pawn on a [[Half-open fileFile|half-open file]] is a common motive. The German chess term ''Drucksäule'' <ref>[http://www.schachfeld.de/f30/drucksaeule-7739/ Die Drucksäule] (German)</ref> (tower of strength) refers to own, apparently weak pawn support from its [[Pawn Spans|rearspan]], to force a [[Pawn Levers (Bitboards)|lever]] and pawn exchange to (half-) open a file.
=Evaluation Considerations=
Like other [[X-ray]] related tactics, considering batteries may be subject of [[King Safety|king safety]] terms and [[Static Exchange Evaluation|static exchange evaluation]]. A standard pattern in [[Mate at a Glance|mate at a glance]] is a battery of [[Bishop|bishop]] / [[Queen|queen]] or [[Rook|rooks]] / queen, where the queen attacks a square or opponent piece adjacent to the opponent [[King|king]], exclusively defended.
Whether a (rook-) battery deserves a general bonus in [[Evaluation|evaluation]] is debatable, assuming there are already singular bonuses for occupying [[Rook on open fileOpen File|open- or half-open files]] or the [[Rook on seventhSeventh|seventh rank]] respectively. [[Larry Kaufman]] even proposed a rook-pair penalty with respect to a [[Bishop Pair|bishop pair]] <ref>[[Larry Kaufman]] ('''1999'''). ''[http://www.danheisman.com/evaluation-of-material-imbalances.html The Evaluation of Material Imbalances]''. (first published in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_Life Chess Life] March 1999, online version edited by [[Dan Heisman]])</ref>:
In my opinion, another reason is that any other pair of pieces suffers from redundancy. Two knights, two rooks, bishop and knight, or major plus minor piece are all capable of guarding the same squares, and therefore there is apt to be some duplication of function.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alekhine%27s_gun Alekhine's gun from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery Battery from Wikipedia]
* [[Videos#ZbigniewSeifert|Zbigniew Seifert]] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressions_%28composition%29 Impressions] ([[Videos#JohnColtrane|John Coltrane]]), from [httpCategory://www.discogs.com/Zbigniew-Seifert-Kilimanjaro/release/2768289 Kilimanjaro], live at [http://www.podjaszczurami.pl/ Club Pod Jaszczurami], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w Kraków], November, 14, 1978, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video: feat. [http://www.discogs.com/artist/490820-Mieczys%C5%82aw-G%C3%B3rka Mieczysław Górka], [https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janusz_Grzywacz Janusz Grzywacz], [https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_%C5%9Amietana Jarosław Śmietana], [https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbigniew_Wegehaupt Zbigniew Wegehaupt]: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kbO9pqxCUc|alignment=left|valignment=top}}* [[Videos#AnthonyBraxtonAnthony Braxton|Anthony Braxton]] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressions_%28composition%29 Impressions] ([[Videos#JohnColtrane:Category:John Coltrane|John Coltrane]]), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstock_Jazz_Festival Woodstock Jazz Festival],1981, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video: feat. [[Videos#MiroslavVitous:Category:Miroslav Vitouš|Miroslav Vitouš]], [[Videos#JackDeJohnette:Category:Jack DeJohnette|Jack DeJohnette]], [[Videos#ChickCorea:Category:Chick Corea|Chick Corea]]
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0o0AYFRFX7g|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
'''[[Tactics|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:Anthony Braxton]]
[[Category:John Coltrane]]
[[Category:Chick Corea]]
[[Category:Jack DeJohnette]]
[[Category:Miroslav Vitouš]]
