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Bao
,Created page with "'''Home * Games * Bao''' FILE:Tavolabao.jpg|border|right|thumb| Initial setup in Bao la kiswahili <ref>Bao Board from Tanzania, [https://commons.wikimedia..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Games]] * Bao'''
[[FILE:Tavolabao.jpg|border|right|thumb| Initial setup in Bao la kiswahili <ref>Bao Board from Tanzania, [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tavolabao.jpg Image] by [http://www.vessella.it/ Nino Vessella], [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en CC BY 3.0], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bao_%28mancala_game%29 Bao (mancala game) from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Bao''',<br/>
a traditional [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancala mancala board game] played in most of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africa East Africa], most popular among the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_people Swahili people] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania Tanzania], especially [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanzibar Zanzibar] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya Kenya]. Bao is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_language swahili] word for ''board'' or ''board game''. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bao_%28mancala_game%29 Bao (mancala game) from Wikipedia]</ref> . Bao is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-player_game two-player] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_strategy_game abstract strategy game], and considered as one of the most complex mancala games. The Bao board has four rows of eight pits, each player owns two adjacent rows.
<span id="Bao01"></span>
=Bao 0.1=
Bao 0.1 is a Bao playing program by [[Jeroen Donkers]] running under [[Windows]] <ref>[http://www.fdg.unimaas.nl/educ/donkers/games/Bao/ Bao page] by [[Jeroen Donkers]]</ref> :
=See also=
* [[Awari]]
* [[Kalah]]
=Selected Publications=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hyde Thomas Hyde] ('''1694'''). ''[http://www.babelstone.co.uk/Ludus/Hyde1694.html De Ludis Orientalibus (Libri Duo: Historia Nerdiludii)]'', Oxford <ref>[http://www.lot-tissimo.com/de/i/4067569/?PHPSESSID=5pj8nhio3khgm7j496tdl09u91 De Ludis Orientalibus (Libri Duo: Historia Nerdiludii)] from [http://www.lot-tissimo.com/ ot-tissimo - Ihr Auktionsportal]</ref>
==1978 ...==
* Philip Townshend ('''1978'''). ''Games of Strategy: A new Look at Correlates''. [http://www.tasplay.org/newsletter.html The Association for the Anthropological Study of Play, Vol. 4, No. 4]
* Philip Townshend ('''1979'''). ''Anthropological perspectives on bao (mankala) games''. Institute of African Studies, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nairobi University of Nairobi], [http://www.amazon.com/Anthropological-perspectives-mankala-Institute-University/dp/B0007AS6Q8 amazon]
==1980 ...==
* Philip Townshend ('''1982'''). ''[http://www.ascleiden.nl/GetPage.aspx?datastore=5&url=/publications/bibliographies/kenyacoast/ref868 Bao (mankala): the Swahili ethic in African idiom]''. [http://www2.umaine.edu/npf/cat45.html Paideuma] 28
* [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''1995'''). ''Limits of the Mind: Towards a Characterisation of Bao Mastership''. Ph.D. Thesis, CNWS Publications
==2000 ...==
* [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''2002'''). ''[http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&id=2003-03501-005 Reproducing board game positions: Western Chess and African Bao]''. [http://www.verlag-hanshuber.com/zeitschriften/journal.php?abbrev=sjp&show=editorial Swiss Journal of Psychology], Vol. 61, No. 4
* [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''2002'''). ''Mancala Games - Topics in Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics. Step by Step.'' Proceedings of the 4th Colloquium ‘Board Games in Academia’ (eds. [[Jean Retschitzki]] and [[Rosita Haddad-Zubel]]), Editions Universitaires, Fribourg, Switzerland, pp. 133–146.
* [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]] ('''2002'''). ''Programming Bao''. [[7th Computer Olympiad#Workshop|7th Computer Olympiad Workshop]], [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.106.6870&rep=rep1&type=pdf pdf]
* [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]] ('''2003'''). ''Opponent Models in Bao: Conditions of a Successfull Application'', [[Advances in Computer Games 10]], [http://www.fdg.unimaas.nl/educ/donkers/pubs/..%5Cpdf%5Cacg10.pdf pdf]
* [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''2003'''). ''[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=163871&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0041977X03000053 Muyaka's poetry in the history of Bao]''. [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=BSO&volumeId=66&issueId=01&seriesId=0 Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 66, No. 1]
* [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]] ('''2004'''). ''Probabilistic Opponent-Model Search in Bao''. (M. Rauterberg, ed.) Proceedings International Conference on Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2004. LNCS 3166, Springer, Berlin. pp. 409-419. [http://www.fdg.unimaas.nl/educ/donkers/pubs/..%5Cpdf%5Cicec2004.pdf pdf]
==2005 ...==
* [[Tom Kronenburg]], [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''2006'''). ''Never-Ending Moves in Bao''. [[ICGA Journal#29_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 29, No. 2]], [http://www.fdg.unimaas.nl/educ/donkers/pubs/..%5Cpdf%5Cbaonote.pdf pdf]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bao_%28mancala_game%29 Bao (mancala game) from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.wikimanqala.org/wiki/Bao Bao] from [http://www.wikimanqala.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikimanqala]
* [http://mancala.wikia.com/wiki/Bao_la_Kiswahili Bao la kiswahili] from [http://mancala.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page Mancala World]
* [http://www.fdg.unimaas.nl/educ/donkers/games/Bao/ Bao page] by [[Jeroen Donkers]]
: [http://www.fdg.unimaas.nl/educ/donkers/games/Bao/rules.html Zanzibar Bao Rules for the Computer]
* [http://manqala.org/%7Eviktor/bao.html The Rules of Bao]
* [http://www.gamecabinet.com/rules/Bao.html Bao (Zanzibar) rules] by Rob Nierse, [http://www.gamecabinet.com/ The Game Cabinet]
* [http://www.gamecabinet.com/rules/Bao2.html Bao (Malawi) rules] related to Pete Duckworth by Mark Chikoko, transcribed by Adrian Brooks, [http://www.gamecabinet.com/ The Game Cabinet]
* [http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~mackay/games/bao/ Bao as a research problem] by [http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/mackay/ David MacKay]
* [[Videos#SimonPhillips|Simon Phillips]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_Saisse Philippe Saisse], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pino_Palladino Pino Palladino] - Mancala, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoetermeer Zoetermeer], November 15, 2009, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLKoGuNNdwE|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Games|Up one Level]]'''
[[FILE:Tavolabao.jpg|border|right|thumb| Initial setup in Bao la kiswahili <ref>Bao Board from Tanzania, [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tavolabao.jpg Image] by [http://www.vessella.it/ Nino Vessella], [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en CC BY 3.0], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bao_%28mancala_game%29 Bao (mancala game) from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Bao''',<br/>
a traditional [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancala mancala board game] played in most of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africa East Africa], most popular among the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_people Swahili people] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania Tanzania], especially [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanzibar Zanzibar] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya Kenya]. Bao is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_language swahili] word for ''board'' or ''board game''. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bao_%28mancala_game%29 Bao (mancala game) from Wikipedia]</ref> . Bao is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-player_game two-player] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_strategy_game abstract strategy game], and considered as one of the most complex mancala games. The Bao board has four rows of eight pits, each player owns two adjacent rows.
<span id="Bao01"></span>
=Bao 0.1=
Bao 0.1 is a Bao playing program by [[Jeroen Donkers]] running under [[Windows]] <ref>[http://www.fdg.unimaas.nl/educ/donkers/games/Bao/ Bao page] by [[Jeroen Donkers]]</ref> :
=See also=
* [[Awari]]
* [[Kalah]]
=Selected Publications=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hyde Thomas Hyde] ('''1694'''). ''[http://www.babelstone.co.uk/Ludus/Hyde1694.html De Ludis Orientalibus (Libri Duo: Historia Nerdiludii)]'', Oxford <ref>[http://www.lot-tissimo.com/de/i/4067569/?PHPSESSID=5pj8nhio3khgm7j496tdl09u91 De Ludis Orientalibus (Libri Duo: Historia Nerdiludii)] from [http://www.lot-tissimo.com/ ot-tissimo - Ihr Auktionsportal]</ref>
==1978 ...==
* Philip Townshend ('''1978'''). ''Games of Strategy: A new Look at Correlates''. [http://www.tasplay.org/newsletter.html The Association for the Anthropological Study of Play, Vol. 4, No. 4]
* Philip Townshend ('''1979'''). ''Anthropological perspectives on bao (mankala) games''. Institute of African Studies, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nairobi University of Nairobi], [http://www.amazon.com/Anthropological-perspectives-mankala-Institute-University/dp/B0007AS6Q8 amazon]
==1980 ...==
* Philip Townshend ('''1982'''). ''[http://www.ascleiden.nl/GetPage.aspx?datastore=5&url=/publications/bibliographies/kenyacoast/ref868 Bao (mankala): the Swahili ethic in African idiom]''. [http://www2.umaine.edu/npf/cat45.html Paideuma] 28
* [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''1995'''). ''Limits of the Mind: Towards a Characterisation of Bao Mastership''. Ph.D. Thesis, CNWS Publications
==2000 ...==
* [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''2002'''). ''[http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&id=2003-03501-005 Reproducing board game positions: Western Chess and African Bao]''. [http://www.verlag-hanshuber.com/zeitschriften/journal.php?abbrev=sjp&show=editorial Swiss Journal of Psychology], Vol. 61, No. 4
* [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''2002'''). ''Mancala Games - Topics in Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics. Step by Step.'' Proceedings of the 4th Colloquium ‘Board Games in Academia’ (eds. [[Jean Retschitzki]] and [[Rosita Haddad-Zubel]]), Editions Universitaires, Fribourg, Switzerland, pp. 133–146.
* [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]] ('''2002'''). ''Programming Bao''. [[7th Computer Olympiad#Workshop|7th Computer Olympiad Workshop]], [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.106.6870&rep=rep1&type=pdf pdf]
* [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]] ('''2003'''). ''Opponent Models in Bao: Conditions of a Successfull Application'', [[Advances in Computer Games 10]], [http://www.fdg.unimaas.nl/educ/donkers/pubs/..%5Cpdf%5Cacg10.pdf pdf]
* [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''2003'''). ''[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=163871&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0041977X03000053 Muyaka's poetry in the history of Bao]''. [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=BSO&volumeId=66&issueId=01&seriesId=0 Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 66, No. 1]
* [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]] ('''2004'''). ''Probabilistic Opponent-Model Search in Bao''. (M. Rauterberg, ed.) Proceedings International Conference on Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2004. LNCS 3166, Springer, Berlin. pp. 409-419. [http://www.fdg.unimaas.nl/educ/donkers/pubs/..%5Cpdf%5Cicec2004.pdf pdf]
==2005 ...==
* [[Tom Kronenburg]], [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''2006'''). ''Never-Ending Moves in Bao''. [[ICGA Journal#29_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 29, No. 2]], [http://www.fdg.unimaas.nl/educ/donkers/pubs/..%5Cpdf%5Cbaonote.pdf pdf]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bao_%28mancala_game%29 Bao (mancala game) from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.wikimanqala.org/wiki/Bao Bao] from [http://www.wikimanqala.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikimanqala]
* [http://mancala.wikia.com/wiki/Bao_la_Kiswahili Bao la kiswahili] from [http://mancala.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page Mancala World]
* [http://www.fdg.unimaas.nl/educ/donkers/games/Bao/ Bao page] by [[Jeroen Donkers]]
: [http://www.fdg.unimaas.nl/educ/donkers/games/Bao/rules.html Zanzibar Bao Rules for the Computer]
* [http://manqala.org/%7Eviktor/bao.html The Rules of Bao]
* [http://www.gamecabinet.com/rules/Bao.html Bao (Zanzibar) rules] by Rob Nierse, [http://www.gamecabinet.com/ The Game Cabinet]
* [http://www.gamecabinet.com/rules/Bao2.html Bao (Malawi) rules] related to Pete Duckworth by Mark Chikoko, transcribed by Adrian Brooks, [http://www.gamecabinet.com/ The Game Cabinet]
* [http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~mackay/games/bao/ Bao as a research problem] by [http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/mackay/ David MacKay]
* [[Videos#SimonPhillips|Simon Phillips]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_Saisse Philippe Saisse], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pino_Palladino Pino Palladino] - Mancala, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoetermeer Zoetermeer], November 15, 2009, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLKoGuNNdwE|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Games|Up one Level]]'''
