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Bao
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'''Bao''',<br/>
a traditional [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancala mancala board game] played in most of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africa East Africa], most popular among the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_people Swahili people] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania Tanzania], especially [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanzibar Zanzibar] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya Kenya]. Bao is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swahili_language swahili] word for ''board'' or ''board game''. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bao_%28mancala_game%29 Bao (mancala game) from Wikipedia]</ref> . Bao is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-player_game two-player] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_strategy_game abstract strategy game], and considered as one of the most complex mancala games. The Bao board has four rows of eight pits, each player owns two adjacent rows.
=See also=
* Philip Townshend ('''1982'''). ''[http://www.ascleiden.nl/GetPage.aspx?datastore=5&url=/publications/bibliographies/kenyacoast/ref868 Bao (mankala): the Swahili ethic in African idiom]''. [http://www2.umaine.edu/npf/cat45.html Paideuma] 28
* [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''1995'''). ''Limits of the Mind: Towards a Characterisation of Bao Mastership''. Ph.D. Thesis, CNWS Publications
* [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''1998'''). ''[https://www.academia.edu/31179662/Seeded_Players Seeded Players]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_History_(magazine) Natural History Magazine], 2/98
==2000 ...==
* [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''2002'''). ''[httphttps://psycnetwww.apaacademia.orgedu/13840134/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&id=2003-03501-005 Reproducing_board_game_positions_Western_Chess_and_African_Bao Reproducing board game positions: Western Chess and African Bao]''. [httphttps://wwwen.verlag-hanshuberwikipedia.comorg/zeitschriftenwiki/journal.php?abbrev=sjp&show=editorial Swiss_Journal_of_Psychology Swiss Journal of Psychology], Vol. 61, No. 4* [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''2002'''). ''[https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/mancala-games-topics-in-artificial-intelligence-and-mathematics Mancala Games - Topics in Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics. Step by Step.]'' Proceedings of the 4th Colloquium ‘Board Games in Academia’ (eds. In [[Jean Retschitzki]] and , [[Rosita Haddad-Zubel]](eds.) ('''2002'''), Editions . ''Step by Step''. Proceedings of the 4th Colloquium ''Board Games in Academia''. Edition [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Fribourg Universitaires, Fribourg, Switzerland, pp. 133–146.Suisse]
* [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]] ('''2002'''). ''Programming Bao''. [[7th Computer Olympiad#Workshop|7th Computer Olympiad Workshop]], [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.106.6870&rep=rep1&type=pdf pdf]
* [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]] ('''2003'''). ''Opponent Models in Bao: Conditions of a Successfull Application'', . [[Advances in Computer Games 10]], [http://www.fdg.unimaas.nl/educ/donkers/pubs/..%5Cpdf%5Cacg10.pdf pdf]
* [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''2003'''). ''[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=163871&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0041977X03000053 Muyaka's poetry in the history of Bao]''. [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=BSO&volumeId=66&issueId=01&seriesId=0 Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 66, No. 1]
* [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]] , ('''2004'''). ''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-28643-1_53 Probabilistic Opponent-Model Search in Bao]''. (M[https://link.springer. Rauterberg, edcom/book/10.) Proceedings International Conference on 1007/b99837 Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2004. ], LNCS 3166, Springer, Berlin. pp. 409-419. [httphttps://wwwen.fdgwikipedia.unimaas.nlorg/educwiki/donkers/pubs/..Springer_Science%5Cpdf%5Cicec2004.pdf pdf2BBusiness_Media Springer]==2005 ...==* [[Tom Kronenburg]], [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Alex de Voogt]] ('''2006'''). ''Never-Ending Moves in Bao''. [[ICGA Journal#29_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 29, No. 2]]==2010 ...==* [[Alex de Voogt]], Lisa Rougetet, [httphttps://github.com/NathanEpstein Nathan Epstein] ('''2018'''). ''[https://www.fdgnctm.unimaas.nlorg/Publications/Mathematics-Teacher/educ2018/donkersVol112/pubsIssue1/Using-Mancala-in-the-Mathematics-Classroom/ Using Mancala in the Mathematics Classroom]''.[https://en.%5Cpdf%5Cbaonotewikipedia.pdf pdforg/wiki/National_Council_of_Teachers_of_Mathematics#Journals The Mathematics Teacher], Vol. 112, No. 1
=External Links=
* [http://www.wikimanqala.org/wiki/Bao Bao] from [http://www.wikimanqala.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikimanqala]
* [http://mancala.wikia.com/wiki/Bao_la_Kiswahili Bao la kiswahili] from [http://mancala.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page Mancala World]
* [http://www.gamecabinet.com/rules/Bao.html Bao (Zanzibar) rules] by Rob Nierse, [http://www.gamecabinet.com/ The Game Cabinet]
* [http://www.gamecabinet.com/rules/Bao2.html Bao (Malawi) rules] related to Pete Duckworth by Mark Chikoko, transcribed by Adrian Brooks, [http://www.gamecabinet.com/ The Game Cabinet]
* [[:Category:Simon Phillips|Simon Phillips]], [[:Category:Philippe Saisse|Philippe Saisse]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pino_Palladino Pino Palladino] - Mancala, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoetermeer Zoetermeer], November 15, 2009, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLKoGuNNdwE|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Games|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:Simon Phillips]]
[[Category:Philippe Saisse]]
