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<span id="Backward"></span>
=Backward=
We may use a more general definition of backwardness, or better a pre-condition for backwardness, to consider certain subsets independentlyin further processing. All pawns, which [[Pawn Spans#StopandDistantStop|stop]] is not member of own [[Attack Spans|front-attackspans]] but controlled by a sentry are considered '''backward'''here, no matter if they are member of a ram or lever or more advanced mutually backward <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=71205 backward pawn] by [[Vivien Clauzon]], [[CCC]], July 06, 2019</ref>:
<pre>
U64 wBackward(U64 wpawns, U64 bpawns) {
</pre>
=Straggler=
Stragglers are the intersection of above backward pawns with [[Open Pawns (Bitboards)#OpenPawnsSetwise|open pawns]] and the second or third rank:
<pre>
U64 wStraggler(U64 wpawns, U64 bpawns) {
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=29689 Doubled and Backward Pawn Engine "Definitions"] by [[Brian Richardson]], [[CCC]], September 07, 2009
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=52300 What is a backward pawn?] by [[Lyudmil Tsvetkov]], [[CCC]], May 12, 2014
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=71205 backward pawn] by [[Vivien Clauzon]], [[CCC]], July 06, 2019
=External Links=
=References=
<references />
'''[[Pawn Pattern and Properties|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:Hans Kmoch]]
