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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Programming]] * [[Languages]] * Algol'''
[[FILE:Eclipsing binary star animation 2.gif|border|right|thumb| Algol rotation <ref>Eclipsing binary star animation, created by [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Stanlekub Stanlekub] with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blender_(software) Blender] and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIMP GIMP], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol_(Stern)#Bedeckungsver%C3%A4nderlicher_Stern Algol (Stern) Wikipedia.de], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons]</ref> ]]
'''Algol''' (ALGOL, ALGOrithmic Language)<br/>
is a family of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperative_programming imperative] computer programming languages developed jointly by a committee of European and American computer scientists in a meeting in 1958 at [[ETH Zurich]] ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_58 Algol 58]).
Algol 58 introduced code blocks and the begin and end pairs for delimiting them. Two years later, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_60 Algol 60] was specified, as the result of a meeting in Paris in January 1960 by 13 European and American scientists, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Naur Peter Naur], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Backus John Backus], [[John McCarthy]], [[Mathematician#Bauer|Friedrich L. Bauer]], [[Mathematician#AvWijngaarden|Adriaan van Wijngaarden]], et al. Algol 60 became the standard for the publication of algorithms and had a profound effect on future language development, it was the first language implementing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested_function nested function] definitions with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_scope#Static_versus_dynamic_scoping lexical scope].
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_68 Algol 68] was designed by [[IFIP]], while [[Mathematician#NEWirth|Niklaus Wirth]] based his own [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_W Algol W] <ref>[http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/%7Etony/Public/Awit-Wita-ComputerChess/AlgolwSupport/algolw.pdf Algol W Language Description] (pdf)</ref> on Algol 60 before moving to develop [[Pascal]].
=Algol W=
A boolean procedure in Algol W from the chess program [[Awit]] by [[Tony Marsland]] <ref>[http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/%7Etony/Public/Awit-Wita-ComputerChess/AlgolwSupport/awit.pdf Awit Source code in Algol W] by [[Tony Marsland]] (pdf)</ref> :
<pre>
11662 LOGICAL PROCEDURE CLEAR(INTEGER VALUE SQA, SQF, SQT);
11663 BEGIN
11664 INTEGER DIR;
11665 LOGICAL FREE;
11666 FREE := FALSE;
11667 DIR := BOTV(EDGE, OFFSET(SQF)−OFFSET(SQT));
11668 IF DIR ~= 0 THEN BEGIN
11669 FREE := TRUE;
11670 IF SQA ~= SQF AND
11671 DIR = BOTV(EDGE, OFFSET(SQA)−OFFSET(SQT))
11672 THEN FREE := FALSE;
11673 FOR SQ := SQF+DIR STEP DIR UNTIL SQT−DIR
11674 DO IF FREE AND BRD(SQ) ~= 0
11675 THEN FREE := FALSE;
11676 END;
11677 FREE
11678 END CLEAR;
</pre>
=Selected Publications=
* [[Christopher Strachey]], [[Mathematician#MVWilkes|Maurice Wilkes]] ('''1961'''). ''[https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/366813.366816 Some Proposals for Improving the Efficiency of ALGOL 60]''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 4, No. 11
* [http://www.mathnet.ru/php/person.phtml?option_lang=eng&personid=63222 V. I. Sobel'man], [[Mikhail R. Shura-Bura]] ('''1962'''). ''[http://www.mathnet.ru/php/archive.phtml?wshow=paper&jrnid=zvmmf&paperid=7886&option_lang=eng Realization of recursive procedures in the language of AlGOL-60]''. (Реализация Рекурсивных Процедур В Языке Алгол-60) [http://www.mathnet.ru/php/archive.phtml?jrnid=zvmmf&option_lang=eng&wshow=statlist Zhurnal Vychislitel'noi Matematiki i Matematicheskoi Fiziki], Vol. 2, No. 2
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL ALGOL from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_58 ALGOL 58 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_60 ALGOL 60 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_68 ALGOL 68 from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/ALGOL History of ALGOL — Software Preservation Group] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_W ALGOL W from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.osp.ru/cw/1999/45/38679/ Трансляторы с Алгола-60 - № 45, 1999] [[Computerworld#Russia|Computerworld Россия]] (Russian)
=References=
<references />
'''[[Languages|Up one Level]]'''
[[FILE:Eclipsing binary star animation 2.gif|border|right|thumb| Algol rotation <ref>Eclipsing binary star animation, created by [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Stanlekub Stanlekub] with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blender_(software) Blender] and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIMP GIMP], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol_(Stern)#Bedeckungsver%C3%A4nderlicher_Stern Algol (Stern) Wikipedia.de], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons]</ref> ]]
'''Algol''' (ALGOL, ALGOrithmic Language)<br/>
is a family of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperative_programming imperative] computer programming languages developed jointly by a committee of European and American computer scientists in a meeting in 1958 at [[ETH Zurich]] ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_58 Algol 58]).
Algol 58 introduced code blocks and the begin and end pairs for delimiting them. Two years later, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_60 Algol 60] was specified, as the result of a meeting in Paris in January 1960 by 13 European and American scientists, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Naur Peter Naur], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Backus John Backus], [[John McCarthy]], [[Mathematician#Bauer|Friedrich L. Bauer]], [[Mathematician#AvWijngaarden|Adriaan van Wijngaarden]], et al. Algol 60 became the standard for the publication of algorithms and had a profound effect on future language development, it was the first language implementing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested_function nested function] definitions with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_scope#Static_versus_dynamic_scoping lexical scope].
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_68 Algol 68] was designed by [[IFIP]], while [[Mathematician#NEWirth|Niklaus Wirth]] based his own [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_W Algol W] <ref>[http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/%7Etony/Public/Awit-Wita-ComputerChess/AlgolwSupport/algolw.pdf Algol W Language Description] (pdf)</ref> on Algol 60 before moving to develop [[Pascal]].
=Algol W=
A boolean procedure in Algol W from the chess program [[Awit]] by [[Tony Marsland]] <ref>[http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/%7Etony/Public/Awit-Wita-ComputerChess/AlgolwSupport/awit.pdf Awit Source code in Algol W] by [[Tony Marsland]] (pdf)</ref> :
<pre>
11662 LOGICAL PROCEDURE CLEAR(INTEGER VALUE SQA, SQF, SQT);
11663 BEGIN
11664 INTEGER DIR;
11665 LOGICAL FREE;
11666 FREE := FALSE;
11667 DIR := BOTV(EDGE, OFFSET(SQF)−OFFSET(SQT));
11668 IF DIR ~= 0 THEN BEGIN
11669 FREE := TRUE;
11670 IF SQA ~= SQF AND
11671 DIR = BOTV(EDGE, OFFSET(SQA)−OFFSET(SQT))
11672 THEN FREE := FALSE;
11673 FOR SQ := SQF+DIR STEP DIR UNTIL SQT−DIR
11674 DO IF FREE AND BRD(SQ) ~= 0
11675 THEN FREE := FALSE;
11676 END;
11677 FREE
11678 END CLEAR;
</pre>
=Selected Publications=
* [[Christopher Strachey]], [[Mathematician#MVWilkes|Maurice Wilkes]] ('''1961'''). ''[https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/366813.366816 Some Proposals for Improving the Efficiency of ALGOL 60]''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 4, No. 11
* [http://www.mathnet.ru/php/person.phtml?option_lang=eng&personid=63222 V. I. Sobel'man], [[Mikhail R. Shura-Bura]] ('''1962'''). ''[http://www.mathnet.ru/php/archive.phtml?wshow=paper&jrnid=zvmmf&paperid=7886&option_lang=eng Realization of recursive procedures in the language of AlGOL-60]''. (Реализация Рекурсивных Процедур В Языке Алгол-60) [http://www.mathnet.ru/php/archive.phtml?jrnid=zvmmf&option_lang=eng&wshow=statlist Zhurnal Vychislitel'noi Matematiki i Matematicheskoi Fiziki], Vol. 2, No. 2
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL ALGOL from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_58 ALGOL 58 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_60 ALGOL 60 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_68 ALGOL 68 from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/ALGOL History of ALGOL — Software Preservation Group] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_W ALGOL W from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.osp.ru/cw/1999/45/38679/ Трансляторы с Алгола-60 - № 45, 1999] [[Computerworld#Russia|Computerworld Россия]] (Russian)
=References=
<references />
'''[[Languages|Up one Level]]'''
