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was a Russian mathematician and computer scientist. Kronrod and his fellow [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]] were the last students of [[Mathematician#Luzin|Nikolai Luzin]] at [[Moscow State University]]. In the 50s and 60s Kronrod was professor and head of the Computational Laboratory at Moscows [[Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics]] (ITEF or '''ITEP'''). He was involved in developing the [[ITEP Chess Program]] in motivating his friends Georgy Adelson-Velsky and [[Alexander Brudno]], as well in his proposal of a "general [[Recursion|recursive]] search scheme". Kronrod is well known for saying, "chess is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila Drosophila] of [[Artificial Intelligence|artificial intelligence]]" <ref>[https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alexander_Kronrod Alexander Kronrod from Wikiquote]</ref>.
In 1965, while [[John McCarthy]] visited the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union Soviet Union], he was challenged by Kronrod, who considered the [[Kotok-McCarthy-Program]] to be the best program in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States United States] at the time. At the end of 1966 the [[Stanford-ITEP Match|four game match]] was arranged between Kotok-McCarthy, running on a [[IBM 7090]] computer, and the ITEP Program on a Soviet [[M-220]] <ref>[http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/m2.htm The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2] from the [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]]</ref>. The match played over nine months was won 3-1 by the ITEP Program.
=Quotes=
==Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess==
Quote from ''Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess'' <ref>[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~brudno/ Michael Brudno] ('''2000'''). ''Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess'', [http://www.cs.toronto.edu/%7Ebrudno/essays/cchess.pdf pdf]</ref>:
[[Stanford-ITEP Match|This match]] has a very sad postscript: Alexander Kronrod, the head of the Computational lab at ITEP, was a highly principled person who, among with many other mathematicians, signed a letter in defense of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Esenin-Volpin Esenin-Volpin], a mathematician who was placed in an insane asylum for anti-Communist views. For his signature of the letter Kronrod was reprimanded by the Communist Party. The physicists at ITEP, who were irritated because computer time was “wasted” on game playing instead of their problems used the reprimand as an excuse to oust Kronrod from his position. At the same time Kronrod was fired from his professorship at the Moscow Pedagogical Institute. These actions effectively ended the career of this brilliant mathematician.
==What is AI?==
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Mathematician|Kronrod]]
[[Category:Pioneer|Kronrod]]
[[Category:Quotes|Kronrod]]
[[Category:McCarthy Quotes|Kronrod]]
