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was a Dutch [[Psychology:Category:Psychologist|psychologist]] and chess master, who conducted a number of ground-breaking experiments in the [[Cognition|cognitive]] processes that occur in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain brains] of strong chess players. The studies involve participants of all chess backgrounds, from amateurs to masters. They investigate the cognitive requirements and the thought processes involved in moving a chess piece. The participants were usually required to solve a given chess problem correctly under the supervision of an experimenter and represent their thought-processes vocally so that they could be recorded.