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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Tournaments and Matches|Tournaments]] * [[ACM North American Computer Chess Championship]] * ACM 1978'''
'''[[ACM 1977|< Prev]] [[ACM 1979|Next >]]'''
[[FILE:Marriott Wardman Park by Matthew Bisanz.jpg|border|right|thumb|Sheraton Park Hotel <ref>[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marriott_Wardman_Park_by_Matthew_Bisanz.jpg Main building] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_Wardman_Park Marriott Wardman Park], built in 1977 as replacement for the 1918 built horseshoe-shaped hotel building, then the Sheraton-Park Hotel. In 1980 the new hotel was renamed the Sheraton Washington Hotel, in 1998 the Marriott Wardman Park Hotel. Photo (cropped) by [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:MBisanz MBisanz], January 04, 2012, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_Wardman_Park Marriott Wardman Park from Wikipedia], see also [http://wikimapia.org/50844/Washington-Marriott-Wardman-Park-Hotel Washington Marriott Wardman Park Hotel - Washington D.C.] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiMapia WikiMapia]</ref> ]]
The [[ACM|ACM's]] '''Ninth North American Computer Chess Championship''' (NACCC) was held from December 4 to 6, [[Timeline#1978|1978]] at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_Wardman_Park Sheraton Park Hotel], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%2C_D.C. Washington, D.C.], USA.
Several [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrity celebrities] from the world of chess and from the computing field were attending the ACM 1978 computer chess tournament, notably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lasker Edward Lasker], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Byrne_%28chess_player%29 Robert Byrne], and [[ACM]] president [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_D._McCracken Daniel D. McCracken], who presented trophies to the three prizewinners. Two remarkable incidents appeared in two games of the new American Champion [[Belle]] - in [[ACM 1978#R2|round 2]] versus [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.7]], when Chess missed the win with 21... Nxd3, and in [[Belle#Blitz|round 4]] versus [[Blitz|Blitz 6.5]], which according to [[David Levy]] produced the most beautiful combination ever played by a computer program so far <ref>[[David Levy]] ('''1978'''). ''ACM '78''. [[ICGA Journal#1_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 1, No. 1]]</ref> .
=Final Standing=
<ref>[http://www.csvn.nl/index.php/historie/computer-computer/91-acm-1978 ACM 1978] [[CSVN]] site</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Program
! CC
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! P
! SOS
! SoDOS
|-
! 1
| [[Belle]]
! US
| style="text-align:center;" | 8b1
| style="text-align:center;" | [[ACM 1978#R2|2w1]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3b1
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Belle#Blitz|4b1]]
! 4
| style="text-align:center;" | 9½
| style="text-align:center;" | 9½
|-
! 2
| [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.7]]
! US
| style="text-align:center;" | 9w1
| style="text-align:center;" | [[ACM 1978#R2|1b0]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 6w1
| style="text-align:center;" | 7b1
! 3
| style="text-align:center;" | 9½
| style="text-align:center;" | 5½
|-
! 3
| [[CHAOS]]
! US
| style="text-align:center;" | 5w1
| style="text-align:center;" | 7b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 1w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 6b½
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 10½
| style="text-align:center;" | 5½
|-
! 4
| [[Blitz|Blitz 6.5]]
! US
| style="text-align:center;" | 10w1
| style="text-align:center;" | 6b½
| style="text-align:center;" | 11b1
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Belle#Blitz|1w0]]
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 8½
| style="text-align:center;" | 3½
|-
! 5
| [[Sargon|Sargon 2]]
! US
| style="text-align:center;" | 3b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 12w1
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Mike#ACM78|8b½]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Sargon#Awit|11w1]]
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| style="text-align:center;" | 1¾
|-
! 6
| [[Duchess]]
! US
| style="text-align:center;" | 11b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 4w½
| style="text-align:center;" | 2b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 3w½
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| style="text-align:center;" | 3½
|-
! 7
| [[Ostrich|Ostrich 4]]
! CA
| style="text-align:center;" | 12b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 3w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 9b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 2w0
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 7
| style="text-align:center;" | 1½
|-
! 8
| [[Mike]]
! GB
| style="text-align:center;" | 1w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 9b½
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Mike#ACM78|5w½]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 10b½
! 1½
| style="text-align:center;" | 9½
| style="text-align:center;" | 2¾
|-
! 9
| [[Black Knight]]
! US
| style="text-align:center;" | 2b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 8w½
| style="text-align:center;" | 7w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 12b1
! 1½
| style="text-align:center;" | 6½
| style="text-align:center;" | ¾
|-
! 10
| [[Bs6676|Bs'66'76]]
! NL
| style="text-align:center;" | 4b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 11w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 12b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 8w½
! 1½
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| style="text-align:center;" | ¾
|-
! 11
| [[Awit]]
! CA
| style="text-align:center;" | 6w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 10b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 4w0
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Sargon#Awit|5b0]]
! 1
| style="text-align:center;" | 8½
| style="text-align:center;" | 1½
|-
! 12
| [[Brute Force (Program)|Brute Force]]
! CA
| style="text-align:center;" | 7w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 5b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 10w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 9w0
! 0
| style="text-align:center;" | 7½
| style="text-align:center;" | 0
|}
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1 CC Country Codes]
* SOS: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchholz_system Sum of Opponent Scores]
* SoDOS: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neustadtl_score Sum of Defeated Opponent Scores]
=Participants=
<ref>[[David Levy]] ('''1978'''). ''ACM '78''. [[ICGA Journal#1_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 1, No. 1]]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Program
! CC
! Team
! Hardware
! Language
|-
| [[Awit]]
! CA
| [[Tony Marsland]]
| [[AMDAHL 470|AMDAHL 470V/6]]
| [[Algol|ALGOL-W]]
|-
| [[Belle]]
! US
| [[Ken Thompson]], [[Joe Condon]]
| [[PDP-11|PDP-11/23]]
| [[C]], [[Assembly]]
|-
| [[Black Knight]]
! US
| [[Fred Prouse]], [[Kenn Sogge]], [[Gary Maltzen]],<br/>[[Lonny Lebahn]]
| [[UNIVAC 1100]]
| [[Fortran]]
|-
| [[Blitz|Blitz 6.5]]
! US
| [[Robert Hyatt]], [[Albert Gower]]
| [[UNIVAC 1100]]
| [[Fortran]]
|-
| [[Brute Force (Program)|Brute Force]]
! CA
| [[Louis Kessler]]
| [[IBM 370|IBM 370/168]]
| [[Fortran]]
|-
| [[Bs6676|Bs'66'76]]
! NL
| [[Barend Swets]]
| [[IBM 370|IBM 370/168]]
| [[Fortran]]
|-
| [[CHAOS]]
! US
| [[Fred Swartz]], [[Mike Alexander]], [[Tom McBride]],<br/>[[Victor Berman]], [[William Toikka]], [[Joe Winograd]]
| [[AMDAHL 470|AMDAHL 470V/6]]
| [[Fortran]]
|-
| [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.7]]
! US
| [[Larry Atkin]], [[David Slate]], [[Keith Gorlen]],<br/>[[David Cahlander]]
| [[CDC Cyber]]
| [[Assembly|COMPASS]]
|-
| [[Duchess]]
! US
| [[Tom Truscott]], [[Eric Jensen]], [[Bruce Wright]]
| [[IBM 370|IBM 370/165]]
| [[Assembly]]
|-
| [[Mike]]
! GB
| [[Mike Johnson]]
| [[6800]] System
| [[Assembly]]
|-
| [[Ostrich|Ostrich 4]]
! CA
| [[Monroe Newborn]], [[Ilan Vardi]]
| [[Nova#3|Nova 3]]
| [[Assembly]]
|-
| [[Sargon|Sargon 2]]
! US
| [[Dan Spracklen]], [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[Z80]], [http://www.computermuseum.li/Testpage/JupiterII-1975.htm Wavemate Jupiter III]
| [[Assembly]]
|}
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1 CC Country Codes]
=Photos=
[[FILE:SargonSpracklens1978.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|580px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc14ba4b]]
[[Kathe Spracklen|Kathe]] and [[Dan Spracklen]] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc14ba4b Kathe and Dan Spracklen at the 9th ACM North American Computer Chess Championship, Washington, DC] by [[Monroe Newborn]] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
[[FILE:Mike_Johnson_1_40_x_40.JPG|none|border|text-bottom|580px|link=http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html]]
[[Kathe Spracklen]] and [[Mike Johnson]], [[Mike#ACM78|Mike vs. Sargon 2]] ½ - ½ <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html Chess Computers - The UK Story] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>
[[FILE:Cahlender.CDC_Chess_46.ACM_1978.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|580px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbdb49fc]]
[[David Cahlander]], [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.7]] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbdb49fc Cahlandar] at [[ACM 1978|9th ACM North American Computer Chess Championship]] in Washington, D.C. 1978 Gift of [[Monroe Newborn]] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref> and dedicated [[Chess (Program)#Chesstor|Chesstor]] [[User Interface|user interface]]
=Selected Games=
<span id="R2"></span>In round 2, [[Belle]] - [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.7]], Chess 4.7 played the inferior 21... Nxd3+, according to [[David Levy]] because it considered the position after 21... Nxd3+ 22.Qxd3 dxc3 23.Qg6 cxd2+ 24.Nxd2 to be quiescent <ref>[[David Levy]] ('''1978'''). ''ACM '78''. [[ICGA Journal#1_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 1, No. 1]]</ref> .
<pre>
[Event "ACM 1978"]
[Site "Washington USA"]
[Date "1978.12.03"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Belle"]
[Black "Chess 4.7"]
[Result "1-0"]
1.e4 Nc6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 e6 4.Nf3 Bb4 5.e5 Nge7 6.Bd2 Nf5 7.Ne2 Be7 8.c3 O-O
9.Nf4 f6 10.Bd3 fxe5 11.dxe5 g5 12.g4 Ng7 13.Ng2 b6 14.Qe2 Bb7 15.Rg1 a5
16.a4 Kh8 17.h3 Kg8 18.Rh1 h6 19.h4 d4 20.hxg5 Nb4 21.gxh6 Nxd3+ 22.Qxd3 dxc3
23.Qg6 cxd2+ 24.Nxd2 Rf7 25.hxg7 Rxg7 26.Qxe6+ Rf7 27.Qh6 Rg7 28.Qh8+ Kf7
29.e6+ Kxe6 30.Qxg7 Bxg2 31.Rh6+ Kd7 32.O-O-O Bd5 33.Ne4 Kc8 34.Rh8 Bxe4
35.Rdxd8+ Bxd8 36.Qe7 Kb7 37.Qxe4+ Ka7 38.Rg8 Rb8 39.g5 Be7 40.Rxb8 Bxg5+
41.f4 Bxf4+ 42.Qxf4 Kxb8 43.Kd2 Kb7 44.Kd3 Kc8 45.b4 axb4 46.Qxb4 Kd7
47.Qb5+ Kd8 48.Ke4 1-0
</pre>
Game and short analyze on Lichess.org : [https://en.lichess.org/vLBatBHk]
=Further Games=
* [[Belle#Blitz|Blitz 6.5 - Belle]], Round 4
* [[Mike#ACM78|Mike - Sargon 2]], Round 3
* [[Sargon#Awit|Sargon - Awit]], Round 4
=Quotes=
==Louis Kessler==
[[Louis Kessler]] with [[Brute Force (Program)|Brute Force]] suffered from a "[[En passant#bugs|bug]]" twice, assumed already been fixed - he could not enter the [[En passant|en passant]] moves by [[Ostrich|Ostrich 4]] and [[Bs6676]] in rounds 1 and 3 <ref>[http://www.lkessler.com/brutefor.shtml A Memorial to BRUTE FORCE]</ref> :
As far as the en passant bug goes, it turns out this was my own misinterpretation of the rules. I read that "The en passant capture must be done on the very next turn, or the right to do so is lost”. I had interpreted that as losing the right to do any en passant for the remainder of the game, not just for that one specific en passant. My personal lack of experience in tournament chess led to that, and it cost me.
==Spracklens==
Quote by [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]] on ACM 1978 from their oral history <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/trustee/gardner-hendrie Gardner Hendrie] ('''2005'''). ''Oral History of Kathe and Dan Spracklen''. [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/oral-history/spacklen.oral_history.2005.102630821/spracklen.oral_history_transcript.2005.102630821.pdf pdf] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref> :
Through Chicago, to Washington, D.C. And so, when I got to Chicago, who got on the plane but [[Larry Atkin]] and [[David Slate]]. They were sitting across, a few seats down. Yes. So, anyway, when we got there, we- and Kathy got at the airport, and then we all introduced ourselves and we told them who we were. They were really cordial to us. We thought, geez, these guys have been in computer chess for a long time, and we’re just newbies. But they were really nice to us. It was great. It made us feel like part of the crowd. So, we went to that tournament, and we were playing against big machines- Amdahl’s and Cray's, kind of like. Plus [[Ken Thompson]] had his [[Belle]], at the time. And so he had this T-shirt, with a cat on it, with a mouse, kind of hanging out of its mouth, and it said, How I’d love to eat the mice, eat them every one, nibble on their tiny feet- bite their little heads off. It was really gross but he thought- he had figured that we were going to be paired in the first round. He did the Swiss on it and figured that’s where we would probably end it.
I think the most exciting part for us was the last round of the tournament, when we played [[Tony Marsland|Tony Marsland’s]] program [[Awit]]. It was a 6 million dollar Amdahl computer. And we [[Sargon#Awit|won the game]]. And we were just amazed. I remember, at the time, we won it. And there was a huge audience there. There was like a hundred people sitting out there, watching it, and they just all started cheering and clapping. And then we woke up the following morning to a big article in the Washington Post that says, Microcomputer Beats 6 Million Dollar Machine, or something like that.
=Reports=
* [[David Levy]] ('''1978'''). ''ACM '78''. [[ICGA Journal#1_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 1, No. 1]]
* [https://www.computerwoche.de/a/pech-fuer-den-weltmeister,1191711 Pech für den Weltmeister?], February 02, 1979, [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] 5/1979 (German)
* [[Harry Shershow]] ('''1979'''). ''Computer Chess''. [[Personal Computing#3_3|Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 3]], pp. 38
* [[Harry Shershow]] ('''1979'''). ''The 9th Annual ACM Chess Tournament in Washington, D.C.'' [[Personal Computing#3_3|Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 3]], pp. 58
* [[Harry Shershow]] ('''1979'''). ''A Little Bit is a Little Better''. [[Personal Computing#3_4|Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 4]], pp. 61 » [[Sargon#Awit|Sargon - Awit]]
* [[Harry Shershow]] ('''1979'''). ''Playing for the Title''. [[Personal Computing#3_4|Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 4]], pp. 63 » [[Belle]]
* Editor ('''1979'''). ''Will Blitz be next year's champ?'' [[Personal Computing#3_7|Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 7]], pp. 80 » [[Belle#Blitz|Blitz 6.5 - Belle]], Round 4
* Editor ('''1979'''). ''Scuffle in a Corner''. [[Personal Computing#3_8|Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 8]], pp. 76 » [[Bebe|BB-1]], [[Sargon]]
* [[Monroe Newborn]] ('''1979'''). ''Ostrich IV meets the Black Knight''. [[Personal Computing#3_10|Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 10]], pp. 74 » [[Ostrich]], [[Black Knight]]
=External Links=
* [http://www.csvn.nl/index.php/historie/computer-computer/91-acm-1978 ACM 1978] [[CSVN]] site
* [http://www.lkessler.com/brutefor.shtml A Memorial to BRUTE FORCE] by [[Louis Kessler]]
* [http://quux.org:70/Archives/usenet-a-news/NET.chess/82.01.07_sri-unix.458_net.chess.txt QUEEN vs. ROOK] by [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-62632443.html Warren Stenberg] and Edware J. Conway, reprinted from the January, 1979 issue of the Minnesota Chess Journal, The Usenet Oldnews Archive, Compilation Copyright (C) 1981, 1996 Bruce Jones, Henry Spencer, David Wiseman » [[Belle]], [[Endgame Tablebases]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Browne Walter Browne]
{{ACM Include}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[ACM North American Computer Chess Championship|Up one level]]'''
'''[[ACM 1977|< Prev]] [[ACM 1979|Next >]]'''
[[FILE:Marriott Wardman Park by Matthew Bisanz.jpg|border|right|thumb|Sheraton Park Hotel <ref>[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marriott_Wardman_Park_by_Matthew_Bisanz.jpg Main building] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_Wardman_Park Marriott Wardman Park], built in 1977 as replacement for the 1918 built horseshoe-shaped hotel building, then the Sheraton-Park Hotel. In 1980 the new hotel was renamed the Sheraton Washington Hotel, in 1998 the Marriott Wardman Park Hotel. Photo (cropped) by [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:MBisanz MBisanz], January 04, 2012, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_Wardman_Park Marriott Wardman Park from Wikipedia], see also [http://wikimapia.org/50844/Washington-Marriott-Wardman-Park-Hotel Washington Marriott Wardman Park Hotel - Washington D.C.] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiMapia WikiMapia]</ref> ]]
The [[ACM|ACM's]] '''Ninth North American Computer Chess Championship''' (NACCC) was held from December 4 to 6, [[Timeline#1978|1978]] at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_Wardman_Park Sheraton Park Hotel], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%2C_D.C. Washington, D.C.], USA.
Several [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrity celebrities] from the world of chess and from the computing field were attending the ACM 1978 computer chess tournament, notably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lasker Edward Lasker], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Byrne_%28chess_player%29 Robert Byrne], and [[ACM]] president [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_D._McCracken Daniel D. McCracken], who presented trophies to the three prizewinners. Two remarkable incidents appeared in two games of the new American Champion [[Belle]] - in [[ACM 1978#R2|round 2]] versus [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.7]], when Chess missed the win with 21... Nxd3, and in [[Belle#Blitz|round 4]] versus [[Blitz|Blitz 6.5]], which according to [[David Levy]] produced the most beautiful combination ever played by a computer program so far <ref>[[David Levy]] ('''1978'''). ''ACM '78''. [[ICGA Journal#1_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 1, No. 1]]</ref> .
=Final Standing=
<ref>[http://www.csvn.nl/index.php/historie/computer-computer/91-acm-1978 ACM 1978] [[CSVN]] site</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Program
! CC
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! P
! SOS
! SoDOS
|-
! 1
| [[Belle]]
! US
| style="text-align:center;" | 8b1
| style="text-align:center;" | [[ACM 1978#R2|2w1]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3b1
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Belle#Blitz|4b1]]
! 4
| style="text-align:center;" | 9½
| style="text-align:center;" | 9½
|-
! 2
| [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.7]]
! US
| style="text-align:center;" | 9w1
| style="text-align:center;" | [[ACM 1978#R2|1b0]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 6w1
| style="text-align:center;" | 7b1
! 3
| style="text-align:center;" | 9½
| style="text-align:center;" | 5½
|-
! 3
| [[CHAOS]]
! US
| style="text-align:center;" | 5w1
| style="text-align:center;" | 7b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 1w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 6b½
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 10½
| style="text-align:center;" | 5½
|-
! 4
| [[Blitz|Blitz 6.5]]
! US
| style="text-align:center;" | 10w1
| style="text-align:center;" | 6b½
| style="text-align:center;" | 11b1
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Belle#Blitz|1w0]]
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 8½
| style="text-align:center;" | 3½
|-
! 5
| [[Sargon|Sargon 2]]
! US
| style="text-align:center;" | 3b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 12w1
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Mike#ACM78|8b½]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Sargon#Awit|11w1]]
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| style="text-align:center;" | 1¾
|-
! 6
| [[Duchess]]
! US
| style="text-align:center;" | 11b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 4w½
| style="text-align:center;" | 2b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 3w½
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| style="text-align:center;" | 3½
|-
! 7
| [[Ostrich|Ostrich 4]]
! CA
| style="text-align:center;" | 12b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 3w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 9b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 2w0
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 7
| style="text-align:center;" | 1½
|-
! 8
| [[Mike]]
! GB
| style="text-align:center;" | 1w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 9b½
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Mike#ACM78|5w½]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 10b½
! 1½
| style="text-align:center;" | 9½
| style="text-align:center;" | 2¾
|-
! 9
| [[Black Knight]]
! US
| style="text-align:center;" | 2b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 8w½
| style="text-align:center;" | 7w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 12b1
! 1½
| style="text-align:center;" | 6½
| style="text-align:center;" | ¾
|-
! 10
| [[Bs6676|Bs'66'76]]
! NL
| style="text-align:center;" | 4b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 11w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 12b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 8w½
! 1½
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| style="text-align:center;" | ¾
|-
! 11
| [[Awit]]
! CA
| style="text-align:center;" | 6w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 10b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 4w0
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Sargon#Awit|5b0]]
! 1
| style="text-align:center;" | 8½
| style="text-align:center;" | 1½
|-
! 12
| [[Brute Force (Program)|Brute Force]]
! CA
| style="text-align:center;" | 7w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 5b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 10w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 9w0
! 0
| style="text-align:center;" | 7½
| style="text-align:center;" | 0
|}
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1 CC Country Codes]
* SOS: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchholz_system Sum of Opponent Scores]
* SoDOS: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neustadtl_score Sum of Defeated Opponent Scores]
=Participants=
<ref>[[David Levy]] ('''1978'''). ''ACM '78''. [[ICGA Journal#1_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 1, No. 1]]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Program
! CC
! Team
! Hardware
! Language
|-
| [[Awit]]
! CA
| [[Tony Marsland]]
| [[AMDAHL 470|AMDAHL 470V/6]]
| [[Algol|ALGOL-W]]
|-
| [[Belle]]
! US
| [[Ken Thompson]], [[Joe Condon]]
| [[PDP-11|PDP-11/23]]
| [[C]], [[Assembly]]
|-
| [[Black Knight]]
! US
| [[Fred Prouse]], [[Kenn Sogge]], [[Gary Maltzen]],<br/>[[Lonny Lebahn]]
| [[UNIVAC 1100]]
| [[Fortran]]
|-
| [[Blitz|Blitz 6.5]]
! US
| [[Robert Hyatt]], [[Albert Gower]]
| [[UNIVAC 1100]]
| [[Fortran]]
|-
| [[Brute Force (Program)|Brute Force]]
! CA
| [[Louis Kessler]]
| [[IBM 370|IBM 370/168]]
| [[Fortran]]
|-
| [[Bs6676|Bs'66'76]]
! NL
| [[Barend Swets]]
| [[IBM 370|IBM 370/168]]
| [[Fortran]]
|-
| [[CHAOS]]
! US
| [[Fred Swartz]], [[Mike Alexander]], [[Tom McBride]],<br/>[[Victor Berman]], [[William Toikka]], [[Joe Winograd]]
| [[AMDAHL 470|AMDAHL 470V/6]]
| [[Fortran]]
|-
| [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.7]]
! US
| [[Larry Atkin]], [[David Slate]], [[Keith Gorlen]],<br/>[[David Cahlander]]
| [[CDC Cyber]]
| [[Assembly|COMPASS]]
|-
| [[Duchess]]
! US
| [[Tom Truscott]], [[Eric Jensen]], [[Bruce Wright]]
| [[IBM 370|IBM 370/165]]
| [[Assembly]]
|-
| [[Mike]]
! GB
| [[Mike Johnson]]
| [[6800]] System
| [[Assembly]]
|-
| [[Ostrich|Ostrich 4]]
! CA
| [[Monroe Newborn]], [[Ilan Vardi]]
| [[Nova#3|Nova 3]]
| [[Assembly]]
|-
| [[Sargon|Sargon 2]]
! US
| [[Dan Spracklen]], [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[Z80]], [http://www.computermuseum.li/Testpage/JupiterII-1975.htm Wavemate Jupiter III]
| [[Assembly]]
|}
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1 CC Country Codes]
=Photos=
[[FILE:SargonSpracklens1978.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|580px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc14ba4b]]
[[Kathe Spracklen|Kathe]] and [[Dan Spracklen]] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc14ba4b Kathe and Dan Spracklen at the 9th ACM North American Computer Chess Championship, Washington, DC] by [[Monroe Newborn]] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
[[FILE:Mike_Johnson_1_40_x_40.JPG|none|border|text-bottom|580px|link=http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html]]
[[Kathe Spracklen]] and [[Mike Johnson]], [[Mike#ACM78|Mike vs. Sargon 2]] ½ - ½ <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html Chess Computers - The UK Story] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>
[[FILE:Cahlender.CDC_Chess_46.ACM_1978.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|580px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbdb49fc]]
[[David Cahlander]], [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.7]] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbdb49fc Cahlandar] at [[ACM 1978|9th ACM North American Computer Chess Championship]] in Washington, D.C. 1978 Gift of [[Monroe Newborn]] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref> and dedicated [[Chess (Program)#Chesstor|Chesstor]] [[User Interface|user interface]]
=Selected Games=
<span id="R2"></span>In round 2, [[Belle]] - [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.7]], Chess 4.7 played the inferior 21... Nxd3+, according to [[David Levy]] because it considered the position after 21... Nxd3+ 22.Qxd3 dxc3 23.Qg6 cxd2+ 24.Nxd2 to be quiescent <ref>[[David Levy]] ('''1978'''). ''ACM '78''. [[ICGA Journal#1_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 1, No. 1]]</ref> .
<pre>
[Event "ACM 1978"]
[Site "Washington USA"]
[Date "1978.12.03"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Belle"]
[Black "Chess 4.7"]
[Result "1-0"]
1.e4 Nc6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 e6 4.Nf3 Bb4 5.e5 Nge7 6.Bd2 Nf5 7.Ne2 Be7 8.c3 O-O
9.Nf4 f6 10.Bd3 fxe5 11.dxe5 g5 12.g4 Ng7 13.Ng2 b6 14.Qe2 Bb7 15.Rg1 a5
16.a4 Kh8 17.h3 Kg8 18.Rh1 h6 19.h4 d4 20.hxg5 Nb4 21.gxh6 Nxd3+ 22.Qxd3 dxc3
23.Qg6 cxd2+ 24.Nxd2 Rf7 25.hxg7 Rxg7 26.Qxe6+ Rf7 27.Qh6 Rg7 28.Qh8+ Kf7
29.e6+ Kxe6 30.Qxg7 Bxg2 31.Rh6+ Kd7 32.O-O-O Bd5 33.Ne4 Kc8 34.Rh8 Bxe4
35.Rdxd8+ Bxd8 36.Qe7 Kb7 37.Qxe4+ Ka7 38.Rg8 Rb8 39.g5 Be7 40.Rxb8 Bxg5+
41.f4 Bxf4+ 42.Qxf4 Kxb8 43.Kd2 Kb7 44.Kd3 Kc8 45.b4 axb4 46.Qxb4 Kd7
47.Qb5+ Kd8 48.Ke4 1-0
</pre>
Game and short analyze on Lichess.org : [https://en.lichess.org/vLBatBHk]
=Further Games=
* [[Belle#Blitz|Blitz 6.5 - Belle]], Round 4
* [[Mike#ACM78|Mike - Sargon 2]], Round 3
* [[Sargon#Awit|Sargon - Awit]], Round 4
=Quotes=
==Louis Kessler==
[[Louis Kessler]] with [[Brute Force (Program)|Brute Force]] suffered from a "[[En passant#bugs|bug]]" twice, assumed already been fixed - he could not enter the [[En passant|en passant]] moves by [[Ostrich|Ostrich 4]] and [[Bs6676]] in rounds 1 and 3 <ref>[http://www.lkessler.com/brutefor.shtml A Memorial to BRUTE FORCE]</ref> :
As far as the en passant bug goes, it turns out this was my own misinterpretation of the rules. I read that "The en passant capture must be done on the very next turn, or the right to do so is lost”. I had interpreted that as losing the right to do any en passant for the remainder of the game, not just for that one specific en passant. My personal lack of experience in tournament chess led to that, and it cost me.
==Spracklens==
Quote by [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]] on ACM 1978 from their oral history <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/trustee/gardner-hendrie Gardner Hendrie] ('''2005'''). ''Oral History of Kathe and Dan Spracklen''. [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/oral-history/spacklen.oral_history.2005.102630821/spracklen.oral_history_transcript.2005.102630821.pdf pdf] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref> :
Through Chicago, to Washington, D.C. And so, when I got to Chicago, who got on the plane but [[Larry Atkin]] and [[David Slate]]. They were sitting across, a few seats down. Yes. So, anyway, when we got there, we- and Kathy got at the airport, and then we all introduced ourselves and we told them who we were. They were really cordial to us. We thought, geez, these guys have been in computer chess for a long time, and we’re just newbies. But they were really nice to us. It was great. It made us feel like part of the crowd. So, we went to that tournament, and we were playing against big machines- Amdahl’s and Cray's, kind of like. Plus [[Ken Thompson]] had his [[Belle]], at the time. And so he had this T-shirt, with a cat on it, with a mouse, kind of hanging out of its mouth, and it said, How I’d love to eat the mice, eat them every one, nibble on their tiny feet- bite their little heads off. It was really gross but he thought- he had figured that we were going to be paired in the first round. He did the Swiss on it and figured that’s where we would probably end it.
I think the most exciting part for us was the last round of the tournament, when we played [[Tony Marsland|Tony Marsland’s]] program [[Awit]]. It was a 6 million dollar Amdahl computer. And we [[Sargon#Awit|won the game]]. And we were just amazed. I remember, at the time, we won it. And there was a huge audience there. There was like a hundred people sitting out there, watching it, and they just all started cheering and clapping. And then we woke up the following morning to a big article in the Washington Post that says, Microcomputer Beats 6 Million Dollar Machine, or something like that.
=Reports=
* [[David Levy]] ('''1978'''). ''ACM '78''. [[ICGA Journal#1_1|ICCA Newsletter, Vol. 1, No. 1]]
* [https://www.computerwoche.de/a/pech-fuer-den-weltmeister,1191711 Pech für den Weltmeister?], February 02, 1979, [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] 5/1979 (German)
* [[Harry Shershow]] ('''1979'''). ''Computer Chess''. [[Personal Computing#3_3|Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 3]], pp. 38
* [[Harry Shershow]] ('''1979'''). ''The 9th Annual ACM Chess Tournament in Washington, D.C.'' [[Personal Computing#3_3|Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 3]], pp. 58
* [[Harry Shershow]] ('''1979'''). ''A Little Bit is a Little Better''. [[Personal Computing#3_4|Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 4]], pp. 61 » [[Sargon#Awit|Sargon - Awit]]
* [[Harry Shershow]] ('''1979'''). ''Playing for the Title''. [[Personal Computing#3_4|Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 4]], pp. 63 » [[Belle]]
* Editor ('''1979'''). ''Will Blitz be next year's champ?'' [[Personal Computing#3_7|Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 7]], pp. 80 » [[Belle#Blitz|Blitz 6.5 - Belle]], Round 4
* Editor ('''1979'''). ''Scuffle in a Corner''. [[Personal Computing#3_8|Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 8]], pp. 76 » [[Bebe|BB-1]], [[Sargon]]
* [[Monroe Newborn]] ('''1979'''). ''Ostrich IV meets the Black Knight''. [[Personal Computing#3_10|Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 10]], pp. 74 » [[Ostrich]], [[Black Knight]]
=External Links=
* [http://www.csvn.nl/index.php/historie/computer-computer/91-acm-1978 ACM 1978] [[CSVN]] site
* [http://www.lkessler.com/brutefor.shtml A Memorial to BRUTE FORCE] by [[Louis Kessler]]
* [http://quux.org:70/Archives/usenet-a-news/NET.chess/82.01.07_sri-unix.458_net.chess.txt QUEEN vs. ROOK] by [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-62632443.html Warren Stenberg] and Edware J. Conway, reprinted from the January, 1979 issue of the Minnesota Chess Journal, The Usenet Oldnews Archive, Compilation Copyright (C) 1981, 1996 Bruce Jones, Henry Spencer, David Wiseman » [[Belle]], [[Endgame Tablebases]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Browne Walter Browne]
{{ACM Include}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[ACM North American Computer Chess Championship|Up one level]]'''
