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'''Stockfish''',<br/>
an [[UCI]] compatible [[:Category:Open Source|open source]] chess engine developed by [[Tord Romstad]], [[Marco Costalba]], [[Joona Kiiski]] and [[Gary Linscott]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=58779 Stockfish 7] by [[Joona Kiiski]], [[CCC]], January 02, 2016</ref>, licensed under the [[Free Software Foundation#GPL|GPL v3.0]]. Marco forked the project from version 2.1 of Tord's engine [[Glaurung]], first announced by Marco in November 8, 2008 <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=24675 Stockfish 1.0] by [[Marco Costalba]], [[CCC]], November 02, 2008</ref>, and in early 2009 Joona's [[Smaug]], a further Glaurung 2.2 derivative, was incorporated <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=26971&start=1 Re: Smaug: a new chess engine based on glaurung] by [[Marco Costalba]], [[CCC]], March 12, 2009</ref> . Starting out among the top twenty engines, Stockfish has quickly climbed in [[Playing Strength|strength]] to become the world strongest chess entity as of 2018 - at least concerning the [[AlphaZero]] hype <ref>[[David Silver]], [[Thomas Hubert]], [[Julian Schrittwieser]], [[Ioannis Antonoglou]], [[Matthew Lai]], [[Arthur Guez]], [[Marc Lanctot]], [[Laurent Sifre]], [[Dharshan Kumaran]], [[Thore Graepel]], [[Timothy Lillicrap]], [[Karen Simonyan]], [[Demis Hassabis]] ('''2017'''). ''Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.01815 arXiv:1712.01815]</ref>, public available chess entity. The name "Stockfish" reflects the ancestry of the engine. Tord is Norwegian and Marco Italian, and there is a long history of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockfish stockfish] trade from Norway to Italy (to Marco's home town of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicenza Vicenza], in fact). Stockfish also referred another famous "little fish", the then strongest chess engine [[Rybka]]. In 2011, Marco Costalba and Joona Kiiski stepped down as Stockfish maintainers <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=40610 Stockfish on github] by [[Marco Costalba]], [[CCC]], October 02, 2011</ref>. From that, the project is being developed and maintained by the [[:Category:Stockfish Contributor|Stockfish community]].
=Science versus Commerce?=
<span id="EvaluationGuide"></span>
=Evaluation Guide=
Since April 2017 the interactive '''Stockfish Evaluation Guide''' is available to explore Stockfish's [[Evaluation|evaluation]] with a [[JavaScript]] implementation running in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser browser] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=64025&start=27 Re: How far away are we from deep learning Stockfish, Komodo] by [[Gary Linscott|Gary]], [[CCC]], May 21, 2017</ref> . One may enter a [[Forsyth-Edwards Notation|FEN]] string of a [[Chess Position|position]], to get the resulting [[Score|score]] of the main evaluation term considering the [[Game Phases|game phases]] within its [[Tapered Eval|tapered evaluation]], and may navigate through the tree of subterms and features with its particular characteristics for the given position <ref>[https://hxim.github.io/Stockfish-Evaluation-Guide/ Stockfish Evaluation Guide]</ref>, also supporting [[Stockfish NNUE]] nets <ref>[https://hxim.github.io/Stockfish-Evaluation-Guide/?p=nnue Stockfish Evaluation Guide - NNUE]</ref> .
=Tournament Play=
<span id="Matches"></span>
=GM+Rybka vs. Stockfish=
On July 19, 2014, Stockfish 5 played a four game match versus [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Naroditsky Daniel Naroditsky] plus [[Rybka|Rybka 3]] (2008), 45 minutes plus 30-second increment. Stockfish won 3½ - ½ <ref>[http://www.chess.com/article/view/how-rybka-and-i-tried-to-beat-the-strongest-chess-computer-in-the-world Can a GM and Rybka beat Stockfish?] by GM [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Naroditsky Daniel Naroditsky], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com [Chess.com]], August 08, 2014</ref> <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=53228 GM and Rybka vs. Stockfish] by Robert Maddox, [[CCC]], August 09, 2014</ref> . A few weeks later the experiment continued with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikaru_Nakamura Hikaru Nakamura] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlingame,_California Burlingame, California] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=53315 Nakamura vs Stockfish, public match 8/23] by Jesse L, [[CCC]], August 17, 2014</ref> . Supported two games by Rybka 3, Nakamura lost ½ - 1½, two games with pawn odds (Stockfish both Black without h- and b-pawn) ended ½ - 1½ in favour to Stockfish 5 as well. It played the latest development build compiled for [[Mac OS|OS X]] running on a 3 GHz 8-Core [[Macintosh|Mac Pro]] <ref>[http://www.chess.com/news/stockfish-outlasts-nakamura-3634 Stockfish Outlasts "Rybkamura"] by [http://www.chess.com/article/view/chesscom-player-profiles-fm-mikeklein FM Mike Klein], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com [Chess.com]], August 24, 2014</ref> .
=Selected Features=
<ref>if not mentioned otherwise, based on the sources of Stockfish 6</ref>
==[[Board Representation]]==
* [[8x8 Board]]
* [[Bitboards]] with [[Square Mapping Considerations#LittleEndianRankFileMapping|Little-Endian Rank-File Mapping (LERF)]]
* [[Magic Bitboards]]
: [[BMI2#PEXTBitboards|BMI2 - PEXT Bitboards]] (not recommend for [[AMD]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryzen Ryzen] <ref>[https://www.reddit.com/r/Amd/comments/60i6er/ryzen_and_bmi2_strange_behavior_and_high_latencies/ Ryzen and BMI2: Strange behavior and high latencies] by DonnieTinyHands, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reddit Reddit], March 20, 2017</ref> prior to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen_3 Zen 3])
* [[Piece-Lists]] until Stockfish 12 <ref>[https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/blob/sf_12/src/position.h#L193 Stockfish/position.h at sf_12 · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub]</ref> <ref>[https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/3247 Remove piece lists by syzygy1 · Pull Request #3247 · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub]</ref> <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=69364&start=12 Re: piece lists advantage with bit-boards?] by [[Ronald de Man]], [[CCC]], December 26, 2018</ref>
==[[Search]]==
* [[Iterative Deepening]]
** [[Quiescence Search]]
==[[Evaluation]]==
* [[NNUE]]** [[Stockfish NNUE#HalfKP|HalfKP]] (Strockfish 12)** [[Stockfish NNUE#HalfKA|HalfKAv2]] (Strockfish 14): ''See also'' [[Evaluation Philosophy]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?topic_view=threads&p=135133&t=15504 The Art of Evaluation] by [[Tord Romstad]], [[CCC]], August 2, 2007</ref> <ref>[https://hxim.github.io/Stockfish-Evaluation-Guide/ Stockfish Evaluation Guide]</ref> and [[NNUE]]
* [[Tapered Eval]]
* [[Score#Grain|Score Grain]]: ~1/256 of a [[Pawn Advantage, Win Percentage, and Elo|pawn unit]]
* Stockfish 11 - January 18, 2020
* [[Stockfish NNUE|Stockfish 12]] - September 02, 2020
* Stockfish 13 - February 19, 2021
* Stockfish 14 - July 02, 2021
<span id="ports"></span>
=Ports=
* [[DON]]
* [[Eman]]
* [[Fat Fritz#Fat Fritz 2|Fat Fritz 2.0]]
* [[Houdini]]
* [[McBrain]]
* [[ShashChess]]
* [[Sting]]
* [[SugaR]]
* [[NNUE]]
* [[Stockfish NNUE]]
** [[Stockfish NNUE#HalfKP|HalfKP]] (Strockfish 12)
** [[Stockfish NNUE#HalfKA|HalfKAv2]] (Strockfish 14)
=Publications=
* [[Shu Yokoyama]], [[Tomoyuki Kaneko]], [[Tetsuro Tanaka]] ('''2015'''). ''Parameter-Free Tree Style Pipeline in Asynchronous Parallel Game-Tree Search''. [[Advances in Computer Games 14]] , [http://www.graco.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~kaneko/papers/acg2015-yokoyama.pdf pdf] » [[Shu Yokoyama#PGPP|P-GPP]]
* [[Jean-Marc Alliot]] ('''2017'''). ''Who is the Master''? [[ICGA Journal#39_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 1]], [http://www.alliot.fr/CHESS/draft-icga-39-1.pdf draft as pdf] <ref>[http://www.alliot.fr/CHESS/ficga.html.en Who is the Master?] from [[Jean-Marc Alliot|Jean-Marc Alliot's]] [http://www.alliot.fr/fpro.html.en professional website]</ref>
=Forum Posts=
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=66793 Elo measurement of contempt in SF in self-play] by [[Michel Van den Bergh]], [[CCC]], March 10, 2018 » [[Contempt Factor|Contempt]], [[Playing Strength]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=66935 Stockfish 180113 - Initial position until depth 65] by [[Andreas Strangmüller]], [[CCC]], March 27, 2018 » [[Initial Position]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=67932 Stockfish and serious hardware: 384 threads] by [[Jouni Uski]], [[CCC]], July 08, 2018 » [[Thread]]
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/fishcooking/kJ6vNKyp6h8/zwRnc-i7CwAJ Stockfish 10 - Call for Binaries] by [[Daylen Yang]], [[Computer Chess Forums|FishCooking]], November 29, 2018
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=69364&start=12 Re: piece lists advantage with bit-boards?] by [[Ronald de Man]], [[CCC]], December 26, 2018 » [[Piece-Lists]], [[asmFish]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=73753 Null move] by [[Robert Pope]], [[CCC]], April 24, 2020 » [[Null Move Pruning]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=74037 Stockfish_dev is probably stronger than Sargon 1978 v1.00] by [[Kai Laskos]], [[CCC]], May 29, 2020 » [[Sargon]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=74059 Stockfish NN release (NNUE)] by [[Henk Drost]], [[CCC]], May 31, 2020 » [[NNUE]], [[Stockfish NNUE]]* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=74339 Stockfish has included WDL stats in engine output] by Deberger, [[CCC]], July 02, 2020 » [[Pawn Advantage, Win Percentage, and Elo]]
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/fishcooking/EBKQSrb9I08/5xasTnnSCAAJ stockfishNNUE vs others (TCEC 18 bonus)] by [[Warren D. Smith]], [[Computer Chess Forums|FishCooking]], July 14, 2020
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=74484 Can the sardine! NNUE clobbers SF] by [[Henk Drost]], [[CCC]], July 16, 2020 » [[Stockfish NNUE]]
* <span id="i486Re"></span>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=63857&start=14 Re: Stockfish bench in i486 & Pentium 75mhz !] by [[Vincent Lejeune]], [[CCC]], October 11, 2020 » [[#i486|Stockfish bench ...]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=75841&start=8 Re: Raspberry Pi 4 compiled chess engines] by [[Rasmus Althoff]], [[CCC]], November 16, 2020 » [[Raspberry Pi]]
'''2021'''
* [https://groups.google.com/g/fishcooking/c/cad1MGSdpU4/m/Ury4iBqSBgAJ Shouldn't positional attributes drive SF's NNUE input features (rather than king position)?] by [[Nick Pelling]], [[Computer Chess Forums|FishCooking]], January 10, 2021 » [[Stockfish NNUE]]
* [https://groups.google.com/g/fishcooking/c/AzYDbbv-Coo Stockfish 13] by [[Joost VandeVondele]], [[Computer Chess Forums|FishCooking]], February 19, 2021
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=76639 Stockfish 13 merged on github] by [[Joshua Shriver]], [[CCC]], February 19, 2021
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=76977 Setting up Stockfish on a server] by Jon12345, [[CCC]], March 29, 2021 » [[Chess Server]]
* [https://lczero.org/blog/2021/04/joking-ftw-seriously/ Joking FTW, Seriously] by borg, [[Leela Chess Zero|LCZero blog]], April 25, 2021
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=77344 Stockfish with new NNUE architecture and bigger net released] by [[Stefan Pohl]], [[CCC]], May 19, 2021 <ref>[https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/3474 Update default net to nn-8a08400ed089.nnue by Sopel97 · Pull Request #3474 · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub] by [[Tomasz Sobczyk]]</ref> <ref>[https://github.com/Sopel97 Sopel97 (Tomasz Sobczyk) · GitHub]</ref>
* [https://lczero.org/blog/2021/06/the-importance-of-open-data/ The importance of open data] by borg , [[Leela Chess Zero|LCZero blog]], June 15, 2021
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=77503 will Tcec allow Stockfish with a Leela net to play?] by Wilson, [[CCC]], June 17, 2021 » [[TCEC Season 21]]
: [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=77503&start=55 Re: will Tcec allow Stockfish with a Leela net to play?] by [[Connor McMonigle]], [[CCC]], June 17, 2021
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=77599 Stockfish 14 release round the corner] by Prasanna Bandihole, [[CCC]], July 02, 2021
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=77602 Before things become more messy than they already are] by [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]], [[CCC]], July 02, 2021
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=77605 Stockfish 14 has been released] by Madeleine Birchfield, [[CCC]], July 02, 2021
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=77762 Stockfish: Our lawsuit against ChessBase] by Kurt Lanc, [[CCC]], July 20, 2021
=Blog Posts=
* [https://blog.stockfishchess.org/ Stockfish Blog]
==2014==
* [http://tech.mit.edu/V133/N62/chess.html One chess champion per laptop] by [http://www.mit.edu/~roberto/ Roberto Perez-Franco], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT's]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tech_%28newspaper%29 The Tech], January 15, 2014 » [[TCEC Season 5]]
==2015 ...==
* [http://en.chessbase.com/post/john-hartmann-and-then-there-were-two And then there were two] by [http://en.chessbase.com/author/john-hartmann John Hartmann], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], June 09, 2015 » [[Komodo]], [[Stockfish]]
* [https://rjlipton.wordpress.com/2015/10/06/depth-of-satisficing/ Depth of Satisficing] by [[Kenneth W. Regan|Ken Regan]], [https://rjlipton.wordpress.com/ Gödel's Lost Letter and P=NP], October 06, 2015 » [[Depth]], [[Match Statistics]], [[Pawn Advantage, Win Percentage, and Elo]], [[Stockfish]], [[Komodo]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=57890 Regan's latest: Depth of Satisficing] by Carl Lumma, [[CCC]], October 09, 2015</ref>
* [https://rjlipton.wordpress.com/2016/01/21/a-chess-firewall-at-zero/ A Chess Firewall at Zero?] by [[Kenneth W. Regan|Ken Regan]], [https://rjlipton.wordpress.com/ Gödel's Lost Letter and P=NP], January 21, 2016
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2016/stockfish-8/ Stockfish 8], November 01, 2016
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2018/stockfish-9/ Stockfish 9], February 09, 2018
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2018/stockfish-10/ Stockfish 10], December 01, 2018
==2020 ...==
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2020/stockfish-11/ Stockfish 11], The Stockfish Team, January 15, 2020
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2020/introducing-nnue-evaluation/ Introducing NNUE Evaluation], August 07, 2020
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2020/stockfish-12/ Stockfish 12], The Stockfish Team, September 02, 2020
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2021/stockfish-13/ Stockfish 13], The Stockfish Team, February 19, 2021
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2021/stockfish-14/ Stockfish 14], The Stockfish Team, July 02, 2021
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2021/our-lawsuit-against-chessbase/ Our lawsuit against ChessBase], The Stockfish Team, July 20, 2021 » [[ChessBase]], [[Fat Fritz#Fat Fritz 2|Fat Fritz 2]], [[Houdini#Stockfish|Houdini 6]]
=External Links=
==Chess engineEngine==
* [https://stockfishchess.org/ Stockfish - Open Source Chess Engine]
* [https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub]
* [https://github.com/nodchip/Stockfish GitHub - nodchip/Stockfish: UCI chess engine] ([[Stockfish NNUE]] by [[Hisayori Noda|Nodchip]])
* [https://github.com/zamar zamar · GitHub] by [[Joona Kiiski]]
* [httphttps://nextchessmove.com/dev-builds NCM Stockfish Dev Builds]* [https://abrok.eu/stockfish/ Stockfish Development Versions] hosted by [[Roman Korba]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockfish_%28chess%29 Stockfish (chess) from Wikipedia]
==Testing==
* [https://stockfishchess.org/get-involved/ Get Involved - Stockfish - Powerful Open Source Chess Engine]
* [httphttps://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests Stockfish Testing Framework] » [[Stockfish#Fishtest|Fishtest]]
* [https://hxim.github.io/Stockfish-Evaluation-Guide/ Stockfish Evaluation Guide] » [[Stockfish#EvaluationGuide|Stockfish Evaluation Guide]]
* [https://github.com/glinscott/fishtest GitHub - glinscott/fishtest: Stockfish testing]
: [https://github.com/glinscott/fishtest/wiki/Creating-my-first-test Creating my first test· glinscott/fishtest Wiki · GitHub] by : [[Stephane Nicolet]https://github.com/glinscott/fishtest/wiki/Fishtest-mathematics Fishtest mathematics · glinscott/fishtest Wiki · GitHub]
* [https://github.com/zamar/spsa SPSA Tuner for Stockfish Chess Engine] » [[SPSA]]
* [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/fishcooking FishCooking - Google Groups] a discussion group for developers and testers of [[Stockfish]] chess engine
* [http://adamsccpages.blogspot.com/p/sf-framework-history.html Adam's Computer Chess Pages: Stockfish Progression] by [[Adam Hair]] » [[Stockfish#Fishtest|Fishtest]]
==Rating Lists==
* [http://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/4040/cgi/compare_engines.cgi?family=Stockfish&print=Rating+list&print=Results+table&print=LOS+table&print=Ponder+hit+table&print=Eval+difference+table&print=Comopp+gamenum+table&print=Overlap+table&print=Score+with+common+opponents Stockfish] from [[CCRL|CCRL 40/15]]
* [http://computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/404/cgi/compare_engines.cgi?family=Stockfish&print=Rating+list&print=Results+table&print=LOS+table&print=Ponder+hit+table&print=Eval+difference+table&print=Comopp+gamenum+table&print=Overlap+table&print=Score+with+common+opponents Stockfish] in [[CCRL|CCRL Blitz]]
==Matches==
* [http://www.chess.com/article/view/how-rybka-and-i-tried-to-beat-the-strongest-chess-computer-in-the-world Can a GM and Rybka beat Stockfish?] by GM [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Naroditsky Daniel Naroditsky], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com [Chess.com]], August 08, 2014 » [[Stockfish#Matches|GM+Rybka vs. Stockfish]]* [http://www.chess.com/news/stockfish-outlasts-nakamura-3634 Stockfish Outlasts "Rybkamura"] by [http://www.chess.com/article/view/chesscom-player-profiles-fm-mikeklein FM Mike Klein], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com [Chess.com]], August 24, 2014* [https://www.chess.com/news/view/alphazero-reactions-from-top-gms-stockfish-author AlphaZero: Reactions From Top GMs, Stockfish Author] by [http://www.chessvibes.com/?q=peterdoggers [Peter Doggers]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com [Chess.com]], December 08, 2017 » [[AlphaZero#StockfishMatch|AlphaZero vs. Stockfish]]
==Interviews==
* [http://www.schach-welt.de/schach/computerschach/interviews/romstad-kiiski-costalba-eng Computerschach, Interview with Tord Romstad (Norway), Joona Kiiski (Finland) and Marco Costalba (Italy)] by [[Frank Quisinsky]], March 29, 2010
* [http://www.chessdom.com/stockfish-4-to-play-in-the-new-season-of-tcec/ Stockfish 4 to play in the new season of TCEC | Chessdom - Short interview with the Stockfish team], August 22, 2013 » [[TCEC]], [[TCEC Season 5]]
==Videos==
* [[Daylen Yang#Video|How do modern chess engines work? | Video]], Talk by [[Daylen Yang]], [http://www.tngtech.com/tng-ueber-uns/bigtechday/big-techday-8.html TNG | Big Techday 8], June 12, 2015
* [[Tord Romstad#Video|Parallelism and Selectivity in Game Tree Search | Video]], Talk by [[Tord Romstad]], [http://www.tngtech.com/tng-ueber-uns/bigtechday/big-techday-8.html TNG | Big Techday 8], June 12, 2015
* [[Tord Romstad#Video|How Modern Chess Programs Work | Video]] by [[Tord Romstad]], [http://2017.flatmap.no/talks/romstad/ flatMap(Oslo)], May 02, 2017
==Misc==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockfish Stockfish from Wikipedia]