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Created page with "'''Home * Engines * Morphy''' [[FILE:PaulmorphyHair.jpg|border|right|thumb|177px|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Morphy Morphy] <ref>[https://en.wikiped..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Engines]] * Morphy'''
[[FILE:PaulmorphyHair.jpg|border|right|thumb|177px|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Morphy Morphy] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Morphy Paul Morphy from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Morphy''',<br/>
a chess program by primary author [[John Aker]] <ref>[https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=463242 Re: Collector's Corner..The Dedicated Chess Computer Chronicles] by [[Steve Blincoe|Steve B]], [[CCC]], November 20, 2005</ref> for the [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computer]] [[Module#System|module systems]] [[Great Game Machine]] by [[Applied Concepts]] and the [[Chafitz Modular Game System]]. The program, written in [[6502]] [[Assembly|assembly]] is derived from [[Boris#X|Boris Experimental]], which on the other hand was a continued development of the [[Boris#2.5|Boris 2.5]] aka [[Sargon|Sargon 2.5]] program by [[Kathe Spracklen|Kathe]] and [[Dan Spracklen]] <ref>[http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/01-1981%20%5BE-4701%5D%20Applied%20Concepts%20-%20Morphy%20Edition%20Master%20Chess%20%28module%29.pdf Applied Concepts - Morphy Edition Master Chess (module)] (pdf) by [[Hein Veldhuis]]</ref> . Morphy appeared in 1981, and was intended to play the [[Middlegame|middlegame]], in conjunction with the during game play exchangeable [[#Gruenfeld|Gruenfeld]] and [[#Capablanca|Capablanca]] cartridges.
The trio played the commercial section of the [[WMCCC 1981]], as well the open section as ''Applied Concepts X'', both finishing last <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=502 Gruenfeld/Morphy/Capablanca's ICGA Tournaments]</ref>. The Applied Concepts personal withdrew both entries after some rounds, due to a bug in the [[#Capablanca|Capablanca]] module <ref>[[David Levy]] and [[Kevin O’Connell]] ('''1981'''). ''A New World Champion''. Chess, October/November 1981, [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive.html Publication Archive] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>.
=Gruenfeld=
[[FILE:Ernst Gruenfeld.jpg|border|right|thumb|177px|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Gr%C3%BCnfeld Grünfeld] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Gr%C3%BCnfeld Ernst Grünfeld from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
The ''Gruenfeld Edition'' (1981/1982) was a chess [[Opening|opening]] module for the [[Great Game Machine]], [[Chafitz Modular Game System]] and compatibles. It contained an [[Opening Book|opening book]] by chess master [[John Jacobs]] <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Chafitz_Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Er%C3%B6ffnungsmodul Chafitz Grünfeld Eröffnungsmodul] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)</ref> and a control program by [[David Slate]] and [[Larry Atkin]] <ref>[http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/gruenfeld_module.html Chafitz Gruenfeld Module Electronic Chess Computer] from [[The Spacious Mind]]</ref>.
The Gruenfield opening cartridge was made available in June 1981, and covers openings up to move 20. When the book is exhausted, the system gives a signal, to remove and replace it with Morphy <ref>[[John F. White]] ('''1982'''). ''[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/08/review-morphy-v-champion/ Review-Morphy V Champion]''. [[Your Computer]], [http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2010/12/28/january-1982-contents-and-editorial/ January 1982]</ref>.
=Morphy Edition=
Excerpt taken from the Morphy Edition Module User Manual printed in 1981 <ref>[http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/morphy_module.html Chafitz Morphy Module Electronic Chess Computer] from [[The Spacious Mind]]</ref>
Your new game cartridge reflects the latest state of the art enhancements to high-level strategy game play. Your Morphy Edition of Master Chess is the most recent of a long list of world famous chess programs developed by Applied Concepts, Inc. This MORPHY EIDITION is one of the strongest chess programs commercially available today; and, when played in conjunction with its companion cartridges - Gruenfeld Edition of opening book moves and Capablanca Edition of end-game strategies - on the Great Game Machine's contiguous play function, it is absolutely unmatched in strength of play and strategic excellence!
=Capablanca=
[[FILE:José Raúl Capablanca young cr.jpg|border|right|thumb|177px|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Capablanca Capablanca] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Capablanca José Raúl Capablanca from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
The ''Capablanca Edition'' (1981/1982) was an [[Endgame|endgame]] module for the [[Great Game Machine]] and the [[Chafitz Modular Game System]], programmed by [[David Slate]] and [[Larry Atkin]]. The Capablanca module was part of the trio around the Morphy program <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Chafitz_Capablanca_Edition Chafitz Capablanca Edition] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)</ref>.
The endgame starts when the [[Material|material count]] is less than about 25, counting a queen as 9, a rook as 5, and so on. When this point has been reached, Morphy also gives a signal. Morphy can continue switching in extra end-game routines, or alternatively, Morphy can be taken out and the Capablanca cartridge inserted for a powerful finish. Capablanca has been available since October 1981 <ref>[[John F. White]] ('''1982'''). ''[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/08/review-morphy-v-champion/ Review-Morphy V Champion]''. [[Your Computer]], [http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2010/12/28/january-1982-contents-and-editorial/ January 1982]</ref>. Capablanca was later converted to become the [[Steinitz]] module for [[Great Game Machine]], and [[Chess 7.0]] for the [[Apple II]], [[Atari 8-bit|Atari 800]], and [[Commodore 64]]. Even later it became "How About a Nice Game of Chess" for the Apple IIe <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=24419 chess 7.0] by [[Will Singleton]], [[CCC]], October 16, 2008</ref>.
=See also=
* [[6502]]
* [[Applied Concepts]]
* [[Chafitz]]
* [[Various Classifications#ChessLegend|Chess legends]]
* [[Evaluation Discontinuity]]
* [[Steinitz]]
* [[Tapered Eval]]
=Publications=
<ref>[http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/01-1981%20%5BE-4701%5D%20Applied%20Concepts%20-%20Morphy%20Edition%20Master%20Chess%20%28module%29.pdf Applied Concepts - Morphy Edition Master Chess (module)] (pdf) by [[Hein Veldhuis]]</ref>
* [[Harry Shershow]] ('''1981'''). ''Two New Units In Action''. [[Personal Computing#5_2|Personal Computing, Vol. 5, No. 2]], pp. 91 » [[MCC 1980]], [[John Aker]]
* Larry Cohen (et al.) ('''1981'''). ''A Guide to Home Chess Computers''. PMK Associates 1981
* [[Jan Louwman]] ('''1981'''). ''Morphy + Great Game Machine''. 06/07-1981, Databus, p. 26-36
* [[John F. White]] ('''1982'''). ''[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/08/review-morphy-v-champion/ Review-Morphy V Champion]''. [[Your Computer]], [http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2010/12/28/january-1982-contents-and-editorial/ January 1982]
=External Links=
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=502 Gruenfeld/Morphy/Capablanca's ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/morphy_module.html Chafitz Morphy Module Electronic Chess Computer] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/morphy_encore.html Chafitz Morphy Encore Electronic Chess Computer] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/gruenfeld_module.html Chafitz Gruenfeld Module Electronic Chess Computer] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/capablanca_module.html Chafitz Capablanca Module Electronic Chess Computer] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Chafitz_Morphy_Encore Chafitz Morphy Encore] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Chafitz_Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Er%C3%B6ffnungsmodul Chafitz Grünfeld Eröffnungsmodul] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Chafitz_Capablanca_Edition Chafitz Capablanca Edition] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
* <span id="ChessFever"></span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_Fever Shakhmatnaya goryachka (Chess Fever)], 1925, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3RXplN1CJnc|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one level]]'''
[[FILE:PaulmorphyHair.jpg|border|right|thumb|177px|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Morphy Morphy] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Morphy Paul Morphy from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Morphy''',<br/>
a chess program by primary author [[John Aker]] <ref>[https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=463242 Re: Collector's Corner..The Dedicated Chess Computer Chronicles] by [[Steve Blincoe|Steve B]], [[CCC]], November 20, 2005</ref> for the [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computer]] [[Module#System|module systems]] [[Great Game Machine]] by [[Applied Concepts]] and the [[Chafitz Modular Game System]]. The program, written in [[6502]] [[Assembly|assembly]] is derived from [[Boris#X|Boris Experimental]], which on the other hand was a continued development of the [[Boris#2.5|Boris 2.5]] aka [[Sargon|Sargon 2.5]] program by [[Kathe Spracklen|Kathe]] and [[Dan Spracklen]] <ref>[http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/01-1981%20%5BE-4701%5D%20Applied%20Concepts%20-%20Morphy%20Edition%20Master%20Chess%20%28module%29.pdf Applied Concepts - Morphy Edition Master Chess (module)] (pdf) by [[Hein Veldhuis]]</ref> . Morphy appeared in 1981, and was intended to play the [[Middlegame|middlegame]], in conjunction with the during game play exchangeable [[#Gruenfeld|Gruenfeld]] and [[#Capablanca|Capablanca]] cartridges.
The trio played the commercial section of the [[WMCCC 1981]], as well the open section as ''Applied Concepts X'', both finishing last <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=502 Gruenfeld/Morphy/Capablanca's ICGA Tournaments]</ref>. The Applied Concepts personal withdrew both entries after some rounds, due to a bug in the [[#Capablanca|Capablanca]] module <ref>[[David Levy]] and [[Kevin O’Connell]] ('''1981'''). ''A New World Champion''. Chess, October/November 1981, [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive.html Publication Archive] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>.
=Gruenfeld=
[[FILE:Ernst Gruenfeld.jpg|border|right|thumb|177px|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Gr%C3%BCnfeld Grünfeld] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Gr%C3%BCnfeld Ernst Grünfeld from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
The ''Gruenfeld Edition'' (1981/1982) was a chess [[Opening|opening]] module for the [[Great Game Machine]], [[Chafitz Modular Game System]] and compatibles. It contained an [[Opening Book|opening book]] by chess master [[John Jacobs]] <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Chafitz_Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Er%C3%B6ffnungsmodul Chafitz Grünfeld Eröffnungsmodul] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)</ref> and a control program by [[David Slate]] and [[Larry Atkin]] <ref>[http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/gruenfeld_module.html Chafitz Gruenfeld Module Electronic Chess Computer] from [[The Spacious Mind]]</ref>.
The Gruenfield opening cartridge was made available in June 1981, and covers openings up to move 20. When the book is exhausted, the system gives a signal, to remove and replace it with Morphy <ref>[[John F. White]] ('''1982'''). ''[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/08/review-morphy-v-champion/ Review-Morphy V Champion]''. [[Your Computer]], [http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2010/12/28/january-1982-contents-and-editorial/ January 1982]</ref>.
=Morphy Edition=
Excerpt taken from the Morphy Edition Module User Manual printed in 1981 <ref>[http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/morphy_module.html Chafitz Morphy Module Electronic Chess Computer] from [[The Spacious Mind]]</ref>
Your new game cartridge reflects the latest state of the art enhancements to high-level strategy game play. Your Morphy Edition of Master Chess is the most recent of a long list of world famous chess programs developed by Applied Concepts, Inc. This MORPHY EIDITION is one of the strongest chess programs commercially available today; and, when played in conjunction with its companion cartridges - Gruenfeld Edition of opening book moves and Capablanca Edition of end-game strategies - on the Great Game Machine's contiguous play function, it is absolutely unmatched in strength of play and strategic excellence!
=Capablanca=
[[FILE:José Raúl Capablanca young cr.jpg|border|right|thumb|177px|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Capablanca Capablanca] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Capablanca José Raúl Capablanca from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
The ''Capablanca Edition'' (1981/1982) was an [[Endgame|endgame]] module for the [[Great Game Machine]] and the [[Chafitz Modular Game System]], programmed by [[David Slate]] and [[Larry Atkin]]. The Capablanca module was part of the trio around the Morphy program <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Chafitz_Capablanca_Edition Chafitz Capablanca Edition] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)</ref>.
The endgame starts when the [[Material|material count]] is less than about 25, counting a queen as 9, a rook as 5, and so on. When this point has been reached, Morphy also gives a signal. Morphy can continue switching in extra end-game routines, or alternatively, Morphy can be taken out and the Capablanca cartridge inserted for a powerful finish. Capablanca has been available since October 1981 <ref>[[John F. White]] ('''1982'''). ''[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/08/review-morphy-v-champion/ Review-Morphy V Champion]''. [[Your Computer]], [http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2010/12/28/january-1982-contents-and-editorial/ January 1982]</ref>. Capablanca was later converted to become the [[Steinitz]] module for [[Great Game Machine]], and [[Chess 7.0]] for the [[Apple II]], [[Atari 8-bit|Atari 800]], and [[Commodore 64]]. Even later it became "How About a Nice Game of Chess" for the Apple IIe <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=24419 chess 7.0] by [[Will Singleton]], [[CCC]], October 16, 2008</ref>.
=See also=
* [[6502]]
* [[Applied Concepts]]
* [[Chafitz]]
* [[Various Classifications#ChessLegend|Chess legends]]
* [[Evaluation Discontinuity]]
* [[Steinitz]]
* [[Tapered Eval]]
=Publications=
<ref>[http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/01-1981%20%5BE-4701%5D%20Applied%20Concepts%20-%20Morphy%20Edition%20Master%20Chess%20%28module%29.pdf Applied Concepts - Morphy Edition Master Chess (module)] (pdf) by [[Hein Veldhuis]]</ref>
* [[Harry Shershow]] ('''1981'''). ''Two New Units In Action''. [[Personal Computing#5_2|Personal Computing, Vol. 5, No. 2]], pp. 91 » [[MCC 1980]], [[John Aker]]
* Larry Cohen (et al.) ('''1981'''). ''A Guide to Home Chess Computers''. PMK Associates 1981
* [[Jan Louwman]] ('''1981'''). ''Morphy + Great Game Machine''. 06/07-1981, Databus, p. 26-36
* [[John F. White]] ('''1982'''). ''[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/08/review-morphy-v-champion/ Review-Morphy V Champion]''. [[Your Computer]], [http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2010/12/28/january-1982-contents-and-editorial/ January 1982]
=External Links=
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=502 Gruenfeld/Morphy/Capablanca's ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/morphy_module.html Chafitz Morphy Module Electronic Chess Computer] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/morphy_encore.html Chafitz Morphy Encore Electronic Chess Computer] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/gruenfeld_module.html Chafitz Gruenfeld Module Electronic Chess Computer] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/capablanca_module.html Chafitz Capablanca Module Electronic Chess Computer] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Chafitz_Morphy_Encore Chafitz Morphy Encore] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Chafitz_Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Er%C3%B6ffnungsmodul Chafitz Grünfeld Eröffnungsmodul] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Chafitz_Capablanca_Edition Chafitz Capablanca Edition] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
* <span id="ChessFever"></span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_Fever Shakhmatnaya goryachka (Chess Fever)], 1925, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3RXplN1CJnc|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one level]]'''
