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Created page with "'''Home * People * Allen Newell''' FILE:newell5.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://diva.library.cmu.edu/Newell/ | Allen Newell <ref>[http://diva.library...."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[People]] * Allen Newell'''
[[FILE:newell5.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://diva.library.cmu.edu/Newell/
| Allen Newell <ref>[http://diva.library.cmu.edu/Newell/ Allen Newell Collection]</ref>
]]
'''Allen Newell''', (March 19, 1927 - July 19, 1992)<br/>
was a American researcher in computer science and pioneer in the field of [[Artificial Intelligence|artificial intelligence]] and chess software <ref>[[Allen Newell]] ('''1955'''). ''The Chess Machine: An Example of Dealing with a Complex Task by Adaptation''. Proceedings Western Joint Computer Conference, pp. 101-108.</ref> at the [[Carnegie Mellon University]], Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In [[Timeline#1958|1958]], Allen Newell, [[Cliff Shaw]], and [[Herbert Simon]] developed the chess program [[NSS]] <ref>[[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1958'''). ''Chess Playing Programs and the Problem of Complexity''. IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 320-335. Reprinted (1963) in [http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=6685 Computers and Thought] (eds. [[Edward Feigenbaum|Edward A. Feigenbaum]] and [[Mathematician#JulianFeldman|Julian Feldman]]), pp. 39-70. McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y., [http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/024/ibmrd0204I.pdf pdf]</ref>. It was written in a high-level language. Allen Newell and Herbert Simon were co-inventors of the [[Alpha-Beta|alpha-beta algorithm]], which was independently approximated or invented by [[John McCarthy]], [[Arthur Samuel]] and [[Alexander Brudno]] <ref>[http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/slides/wrong/wrong-sli/wrong-sli.html John McCarthy Human-Level AI is harder than it seemed in 1955]</ref>. Allen Newell and Herbert Simon received the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_Award Turing Award] in 1975. Two of Allen Newell's students, [[Hans Berliner]] and [[James Gillogly]] became computer chess researchers and authors of famous chess computers.
=Photos=
[[FILE:carnegie-mellon-university.newell-allen-simon-herbert.19xx.l062302007.cmu.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|640px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431e1a07cf7a1]]
In the late 1950s, [[Carnegie Mellon University]] researchers [[Allen Newell]] (r) and [[Herbert Simon]] (l), <br/>
together with [[Cliff Shaw]] (not shown) at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation RAND Corporation], were early pioneers in the field of<br/>
artificial intelligence and chess software. The [[NSS]] program ran on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JOHNNIAC Johnniac] computer ... <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431e1a07cf7a1 Aritificial Intelligence pioneers Allen Newell (right) and Herbert Simon 1958] Courtesy of [[Carnegie Mellon University]], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
=See also=
* [[Alpha-Beta#HistoryAlphaBeta|History of Alpha-Beta]]
* [[History|History of Computer Chess]]
* [[NSS]]
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Thought 1989#Video|Kasparov versus Deep Thought 1989 documentary]]
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/docs/References.pdf ICGA Reference Database] (pdf)</ref> <ref>[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hy/n/Newell:Allen.html dblp: Allen Newell]</ref>
==1955 ...==
* [[Allen Newell]] ('''1955'''). ''The Chess Machine: An Example of Dealing with a Complex Task by Adaptation''. Proceedings Western Joint Computer Conference, pp. 101-108. Reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]]
* [[Allen Newell]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1956'''). ''[http://www.manhattanrarebooks-science.com/newell.htm The logic theory machine-A complex information processing system]''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/journals/tit/tit2n.html#NewellS56 IRE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 2], No. 3
* [[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1958'''). ''Chess Playing Programs and the Problem of Complexity''. IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 320-335. Reprinted (1963) in [http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=6685 Computers and Thought] (eds. [[Edward Feigenbaum]] and [[Mathematician#JulianFeldman|Julian Feldman]]), pp. 39-70. McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y. [http://aitopics.org/sites/default/files/classic/Feigenbaum_Feldman/C&T-Newll-Shaw-Simon.pdf pdf]
* [[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1959'''). ''Report on a general problem-solving program''. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Processing, pp. 256-264 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Problem_Solver General Problem Solver from Wikipedia]</ref>
==1960 ...==
* [[Allen Newell]], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hd/t/Tonge:Fred_M=.html Fred M. Tonge] ('''1960'''). ''An Introduction to Information Processing Language V''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 3, No 4 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Processing_Language Information Processing Language - Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Allen Newell]], N. S. Prasad ('''1963'''). ''IPL-V Chess Position Program''. Internal Memo No. 63, [[Carnegie Mellon University]]
* [[Allen Newell]] ('''1963'''). ''Learning, Generality and Problem Solving''. [http://www.textfiles.com/bitsavers/pdf/rand/ipl/RM-3285-PR_Learning_Generality_And_Problem_Solving_Feb63.pdf Memorandum RM-3285-1-PR pdf]
* [[Allen Newell]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1965'''). ''[http://www.researchgate.net/publication/17286157_An_example_of_human_chess_play_in_the_light_of_chess_playing_programs An Example of Human Chess Play in Light of Chess Playing Programs]''. In [[Norbert Wiener]], [https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4751909.J_P_Schad_ J. P. Schadé] (eds.) ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bimj.19670090327/abstract Progress in Biocybernetics]''. Vol. 2, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsevier Elsevier]
==1970 ...==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Bell Gordon Bell], [[Allen Newell]] ('''1971'''). ''[http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/computer_structures__readings_and_examples/ Computer Structures: Readings and Examples]''. McGraw-Hill, ISBN-13: 978-0070043572, [http://www.amazon.com/Computer-Structures-Readings-Examples-McGraw-Hill/dp/0070043574 amazon]
* [[Allen Newell]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1972'''). ''Human Problem Solving''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentice_Hall Prentice-Hall]
* [[Allen Newell]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1976'''). ''[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=doc-431614f691642 Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search]''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 19, No. 3, ACM Turing Award Lecture, [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/2-3.Computer_science_as_empirical_inquiry/2-3.Computer_science_as_empirical_inquiry.newell_simon.1975.ACM.062303007.pdf pdf] from [[The Computer History Museum]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_symbol_system Physical symbol system from Wikipedia]</ref>
==1980 ...==
* [[Allen Newell]] ('''1980'''). ''Physical Symbol Systems''. [http://cognitivesciencesociety.org/journal_csj.html Cognitive Science], Vol. 4, No. 2
* [[Allen Newell]] ('''1982'''). ''The Knowledge Level''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 18, No. 1
* [[Mathematician#JELaird|John E. Laird]], [[Paul S. Rosenbloom]], [[Allen Newell]] ('''1984'''). ''Towards Chunking as a General Learning Mechanism''. [[AAAI|AAAI 1984]]
* [[Mathematician#JELaird|John E. Laird]], [[Allen Newell]], [[Paul S. Rosenbloom]] ('''1987'''). ''SOAR: An Architecture for General Intelligence''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_(journal) Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 33, No. 1
==1990 ...==
* [[Allen Newell]] ('''1990'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Theories_of_Cognition Unified Theories of Cognition]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University_Press Harvard University Press]
* [[Hans Berliner]] ('''1992'''). ''Allen Newell 1927-1992, In Memoriam''. [[ICGA Journal#15_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 15, No. 3]]
* [[Adriaan de Groot]] ('''1992'''). ''Allen Newell: An Adieu''. [[ICGA Journal#15_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 15, No. 3]]
* [[Mathematician#JELaird|John E. Laird]], [[Paul S. Rosenbloom]] ('''1992'''). ''In Pursuit of Mind: The Research of Allen Newell''. [[AAAI|AI Magazine]], Vol. 13, No. 4
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Newell Allen Newell from Wikipedia]
* [http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=13114 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Allen Newell]
* [http://diva.library.cmu.edu/Newell/index.html Allen Newell Collection]
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[FILE:newell5.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://diva.library.cmu.edu/Newell/
| Allen Newell <ref>[http://diva.library.cmu.edu/Newell/ Allen Newell Collection]</ref>
]]
'''Allen Newell''', (March 19, 1927 - July 19, 1992)<br/>
was a American researcher in computer science and pioneer in the field of [[Artificial Intelligence|artificial intelligence]] and chess software <ref>[[Allen Newell]] ('''1955'''). ''The Chess Machine: An Example of Dealing with a Complex Task by Adaptation''. Proceedings Western Joint Computer Conference, pp. 101-108.</ref> at the [[Carnegie Mellon University]], Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In [[Timeline#1958|1958]], Allen Newell, [[Cliff Shaw]], and [[Herbert Simon]] developed the chess program [[NSS]] <ref>[[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1958'''). ''Chess Playing Programs and the Problem of Complexity''. IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 320-335. Reprinted (1963) in [http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=6685 Computers and Thought] (eds. [[Edward Feigenbaum|Edward A. Feigenbaum]] and [[Mathematician#JulianFeldman|Julian Feldman]]), pp. 39-70. McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y., [http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/024/ibmrd0204I.pdf pdf]</ref>. It was written in a high-level language. Allen Newell and Herbert Simon were co-inventors of the [[Alpha-Beta|alpha-beta algorithm]], which was independently approximated or invented by [[John McCarthy]], [[Arthur Samuel]] and [[Alexander Brudno]] <ref>[http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/slides/wrong/wrong-sli/wrong-sli.html John McCarthy Human-Level AI is harder than it seemed in 1955]</ref>. Allen Newell and Herbert Simon received the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_Award Turing Award] in 1975. Two of Allen Newell's students, [[Hans Berliner]] and [[James Gillogly]] became computer chess researchers and authors of famous chess computers.
=Photos=
[[FILE:carnegie-mellon-university.newell-allen-simon-herbert.19xx.l062302007.cmu.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|640px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431e1a07cf7a1]]
In the late 1950s, [[Carnegie Mellon University]] researchers [[Allen Newell]] (r) and [[Herbert Simon]] (l), <br/>
together with [[Cliff Shaw]] (not shown) at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation RAND Corporation], were early pioneers in the field of<br/>
artificial intelligence and chess software. The [[NSS]] program ran on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JOHNNIAC Johnniac] computer ... <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431e1a07cf7a1 Aritificial Intelligence pioneers Allen Newell (right) and Herbert Simon 1958] Courtesy of [[Carnegie Mellon University]], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
=See also=
* [[Alpha-Beta#HistoryAlphaBeta|History of Alpha-Beta]]
* [[History|History of Computer Chess]]
* [[NSS]]
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Thought 1989#Video|Kasparov versus Deep Thought 1989 documentary]]
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/docs/References.pdf ICGA Reference Database] (pdf)</ref> <ref>[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hy/n/Newell:Allen.html dblp: Allen Newell]</ref>
==1955 ...==
* [[Allen Newell]] ('''1955'''). ''The Chess Machine: An Example of Dealing with a Complex Task by Adaptation''. Proceedings Western Joint Computer Conference, pp. 101-108. Reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]]
* [[Allen Newell]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1956'''). ''[http://www.manhattanrarebooks-science.com/newell.htm The logic theory machine-A complex information processing system]''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/journals/tit/tit2n.html#NewellS56 IRE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 2], No. 3
* [[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1958'''). ''Chess Playing Programs and the Problem of Complexity''. IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 320-335. Reprinted (1963) in [http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=6685 Computers and Thought] (eds. [[Edward Feigenbaum]] and [[Mathematician#JulianFeldman|Julian Feldman]]), pp. 39-70. McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y. [http://aitopics.org/sites/default/files/classic/Feigenbaum_Feldman/C&T-Newll-Shaw-Simon.pdf pdf]
* [[Allen Newell]], [[Cliff Shaw]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1959'''). ''Report on a general problem-solving program''. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Processing, pp. 256-264 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Problem_Solver General Problem Solver from Wikipedia]</ref>
==1960 ...==
* [[Allen Newell]], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hd/t/Tonge:Fred_M=.html Fred M. Tonge] ('''1960'''). ''An Introduction to Information Processing Language V''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 3, No 4 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Processing_Language Information Processing Language - Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Allen Newell]], N. S. Prasad ('''1963'''). ''IPL-V Chess Position Program''. Internal Memo No. 63, [[Carnegie Mellon University]]
* [[Allen Newell]] ('''1963'''). ''Learning, Generality and Problem Solving''. [http://www.textfiles.com/bitsavers/pdf/rand/ipl/RM-3285-PR_Learning_Generality_And_Problem_Solving_Feb63.pdf Memorandum RM-3285-1-PR pdf]
* [[Allen Newell]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1965'''). ''[http://www.researchgate.net/publication/17286157_An_example_of_human_chess_play_in_the_light_of_chess_playing_programs An Example of Human Chess Play in Light of Chess Playing Programs]''. In [[Norbert Wiener]], [https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4751909.J_P_Schad_ J. P. Schadé] (eds.) ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bimj.19670090327/abstract Progress in Biocybernetics]''. Vol. 2, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsevier Elsevier]
==1970 ...==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Bell Gordon Bell], [[Allen Newell]] ('''1971'''). ''[http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/computer_structures__readings_and_examples/ Computer Structures: Readings and Examples]''. McGraw-Hill, ISBN-13: 978-0070043572, [http://www.amazon.com/Computer-Structures-Readings-Examples-McGraw-Hill/dp/0070043574 amazon]
* [[Allen Newell]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1972'''). ''Human Problem Solving''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentice_Hall Prentice-Hall]
* [[Allen Newell]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1976'''). ''[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=doc-431614f691642 Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search]''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 19, No. 3, ACM Turing Award Lecture, [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/2-3.Computer_science_as_empirical_inquiry/2-3.Computer_science_as_empirical_inquiry.newell_simon.1975.ACM.062303007.pdf pdf] from [[The Computer History Museum]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_symbol_system Physical symbol system from Wikipedia]</ref>
==1980 ...==
* [[Allen Newell]] ('''1980'''). ''Physical Symbol Systems''. [http://cognitivesciencesociety.org/journal_csj.html Cognitive Science], Vol. 4, No. 2
* [[Allen Newell]] ('''1982'''). ''The Knowledge Level''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 18, No. 1
* [[Mathematician#JELaird|John E. Laird]], [[Paul S. Rosenbloom]], [[Allen Newell]] ('''1984'''). ''Towards Chunking as a General Learning Mechanism''. [[AAAI|AAAI 1984]]
* [[Mathematician#JELaird|John E. Laird]], [[Allen Newell]], [[Paul S. Rosenbloom]] ('''1987'''). ''SOAR: An Architecture for General Intelligence''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_(journal) Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 33, No. 1
==1990 ...==
* [[Allen Newell]] ('''1990'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Theories_of_Cognition Unified Theories of Cognition]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University_Press Harvard University Press]
* [[Hans Berliner]] ('''1992'''). ''Allen Newell 1927-1992, In Memoriam''. [[ICGA Journal#15_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 15, No. 3]]
* [[Adriaan de Groot]] ('''1992'''). ''Allen Newell: An Adieu''. [[ICGA Journal#15_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 15, No. 3]]
* [[Mathematician#JELaird|John E. Laird]], [[Paul S. Rosenbloom]] ('''1992'''). ''In Pursuit of Mind: The Research of Allen Newell''. [[AAAI|AI Magazine]], Vol. 13, No. 4
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Newell Allen Newell from Wikipedia]
* [http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=13114 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Allen Newell]
* [http://diva.library.cmu.edu/Newell/index.html Allen Newell Collection]
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
