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Created page with "'''Home * Organizations * Fidelity Electronics''' FILE:Fidelity_Electronics_Logo.JPG|border|right|thumb|| Fidelity Logo <ref>[https://de.wikipedia.org/wik..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Organizations]] * Fidelity Electronics'''
[[FILE:Fidelity_Electronics_Logo.JPG|border|right|thumb|| Fidelity Logo <ref>[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidelity_Electronics Fidelity Electronics from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Fidelity Electronics''' ('''Fidelity International Inc.'''),<br/>
was an American [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_aid hearing-aid] manufacturing company, founded in 1959, and in March 1970 purchased by [[Sidney Samole|Sidney]] and [[Myron Samole]] <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Datei:Fidelity_02.jpg The Fidelity Story], Image hosted by [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki]</ref> . Among its other cutting-edge technology, Fidelity Electronics produced high-tech, bio-medical products, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromyography myo-electric] hands, prostheses that could actually be controlled by the brain impulses of amputees. Since 1976, Fidelity Electronics developed and produced [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computers]].
=Photos=
<ref>[http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/sets/72157600923819227/with/858218235/ 16.Fidelity ..The Golden Years | Flickr - Fotosharing] by [[Steve Blincoe|Chewbanta]]</ref>
[[FILE:NelsonEngineer.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|626px|link=http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/859077348/sizes/z/in/photostream/]]
Director of Engineering: [[Ron Nelson]]
<span id="SpracklensAppleICE"></span>
[[FILE:SpracklensAppleICE.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|link=http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/858218235/in/photostream]]
[[Kathe Spracklen|Kathe]] and [[Dan Spracklen]] [[Debugging|debugging]] [[Chess Challenger|Challenger]] with [[Apple II]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-circuit_emulator in-circuit emulator] <ref>[http://www.biz-i.biz/ John D. Ferguson] ('''1983'''). ''In-Circuit Emulation for the Apple II Computer''. [[Byte Magazine]], September 1983, [http://www.classiccmp.org/cini/pdf/byte/Apple2ICE.pdf pdf]</ref>
=History=
Sidney Samole was the man who dreamed, patented and produced the first commercial chess computer. He closely cooperated with [[Ron Nelson]] and later with [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]. He was credited with inventing the first commercial electronic chess game in the 1970s after watching a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek Star Trek] episode <ref>[[Göran Grottling]] ('''1988'''). ''Thank you Mister Spock! Ein Interview mit Sid Samole.'' [[Modul]] 4/88, pp. 36-38 (German), [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/12-1988,%20Modul,%20Interview%20mit%20Sid%20Samole.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Hein Veldhuis]]</ref> . It seems that he actually had the idea but it was [[Ron Nelson]] who really created the machine, called [[Chess Challenger|Fidelity Chess Challenger 1]] <ref>[http://www.ismenio.com/chess_cc1.html Fidelity Chess Challenger 1] from [http://www.ismenio.com/chess_computers.html chesscomputers.org]</ref> <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_chess_challenger__cc1.html Fidelity Chess Challenger (CC1)] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> . After building three working models and four non-working models, Sidney Samole decided to promote his new brainchild at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago Chicago's] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Show Consumer Electronics Show] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977 January 1977] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Alburt Lev Alburt] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Lawrence Al Lawrence] ('''2000'''). ''"How About a Nice Game of Chess?" - Any Time. Sidney Samole (1935-2000)''. [http://www.chesscafe.com/ Chess Café], October 17, 2000, [http://www.chesscafe.com/text/leval06.pdf pdf]</ref> . Fidelity prospered. In fact, it seems that the success of the ''Fidelity Chess Challenger 7'' computer <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_7 Fidelity Chess Challenger 7] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)</ref> , which sold about 600,000 units was responsible for the move from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago Chicago], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois Illinois] to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami Miami] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida Florida] in January 1981. Fidelity also produced computerized [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_bridge Bridge], [[Checkers]], and [[Othello]] games. Fidelity manufactured all its games in the US.
By 1989, a recession was in the wind, and Sidney Samole was sensitive to its warning breezes. He sold Fidelity Electronics at the top of its value to [[Hegener & Glaser]]. Sidney's son, [[Shane Samole]], who already started Fidelity Canada in 1984 <ref>[http://www.fidelityelectronics.com/en/about/about7.asp Fidelity Electronics Inc. - About Us]</ref> took a loan from his father and started [[Excalibur Electronics]] in 1992. Sidney Samole died on July 30, 2000 <ref>The Editor ('''2000'''). ''[http://ticc.uvt.nl/icga/journal/contents/content23-4.htm#SIDNEY%20SAMOLE SIDNEY SAMOLE (1935-2000)]''. [[ICGA Journal]] [http://ticc.uvt.nl/icga/journal/contents/content23-4.htm Vol. 23, No. 4] - December 2000</ref> .
=Achievements=
Fidelity chess computers won the first four [[World Microcomputer Chess Championship|World Microcomputer Chess Championships]]: [[Chess Challenger]] won in [[WMCCC 1980|London 1980]], [[Fidelity|Fidelity X]] in [[WMCCC 1981|Travemünde 1981]], [[Elite|Elite A/S]] in [[WMCCC 1983|Budapest 1983]], and [[Elite|Elite X]] in [[WMCCC 1984|Glasgow 1984]]. Moreover, they won the four [[United States Open Computer Chess Championship|United States Open Computer Chess Championships]], all held in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama Mobile, Alabama], in [[USOCCC 1985|1985]], [[USOCCC 1986|1986]], [[USOCCC 1987|1987]] and [[USOCCC 1988|1988]] ([[Chessmaster#2100|Chessmaster 2100]]) . A remarkable performance is its first place in the [[ACM 1988]] Championship, tied with [[Deep Thought]].
=People=
==Programmers==
[[Ron Nelson]], [[Kathe Spracklen|Kathe]] and [[Dan Spracklen]] were [[Sidney Samole|Samole's]] protégés and "house" programmers. Nelson programs were all [[Intel]] [[8080]] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilog Zilog] [[Z80]] based, while the Spracklens relied on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology MOS Technology] [[6502]] and later on [[Motorola]] [[68000]] and successors. Soon after Samole sold Fidelity to [[Hegener & Glaser]], some more programmers were associated with Fidelity chess computers.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Author
! List of computers <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki]</ref>
|-
| [[Kaare Danielsen]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Kaare_Danielsen Danielsen, Kaare]
|-
| [[Frank Duason]]
|
|-
| [[Ed English]]
|
|-
| [[Richard Lang]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Lang,_Richard Lang, Richard]
|-
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Nelson,_Ron Nelson, Ron]
|-
| [[Frans Morsch]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Morsch,_Frans Morsch, Frans]
|-
| [[Eric van Riet Paap]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Van_Riet_Paap,_Eric Van Riet Paap, Eric]
|-
| [[Dan Spracklen]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Spracklen,_Dan_%26_Kathe Spracklen, Dan & Kathe]
|-
| [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Spracklen,_Dan_%26_Kathe Spracklen, Dan & Kathe]
|-
| [[Mark Taylor]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Taylor,_Mark Taylor, Mark]
|}
==Misc==
* [[Boris Baczynskyj]]
* [[Terry Everett]]
* [[Tom Fürstenberg]] <ref>[http://users.skynet.be/fidelity/furstenberg.html Furstenberg] (Dutch)</ref>
* [[Peter-Ingolf Gericke]]
* [[Florian Glaser]] since 1989
* [[Manfred Hegener]] since 1989
* [[David Levy]] <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Levy,_David Levy, David] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki]</ref>
* [[Peter Reckwitz]]
* [[Myron Samole]]
* [[Shane Samole]]
* [[Sidney Samole]]
=Fidelity Computers=
Fidelity had various brand names for their chess computers, most notably [[Chess Challenger]]. While competing at official tournaments, development- or experimental versions were called [[Fidelity|Fidelity X]] or [[Chess Challenger|Challenger X]].
* [[Chess Challenger]]
* [[Elegance]]
* [[Elite]]
* [[Excel]]
* [[Excellence]]
* [[Fidelity]]
* [[Fidelity Phantom]]
* [[Par Excellence]]
* [[Private Line]]
* [[Sensory 9]]
=See also=
* [[Chafitz]]
* [[Excalibur Electronics]]
* [[Chessmaster#Sargon3|Fidelity Chessmaster 2100]]
* [[Hegener & Glaser]]
=Publications=
* [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-39867523.html Schachcomputer: Markt und Müll], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 49/1979, December 03, 1979, (German) [http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=39867523&aref=image035/E0513/PPM-SP197904901190131.pdf pdf]
* [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14334137.html Schachcomputer: Tricks und Trug], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 50/1980, December 08, 1980, (German) [http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=14334137&aref=image036/2006/06/16/cq-sp198005000620071.pdf pdf]
* [[Göran Grottling]] ('''1988'''). ''Thank you Mister Spock! Ein Interview mit Sid Samole.'' [[Modul]] 4/88, pp. 36-38 (German), [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/12-1988,%20Modul,%20Interview%20mit%20Sid%20Samole.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Alburt Lev Alburt] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Lawrence Al Lawrence] ('''2000'''). ''"How About a Nice Game of Chess?" - Any Time. Sidney Samole (1935-2000)''. [http://www.chesscafe.com/ Chess Café], October 17, 2000, [http://www.chesscafe.com/text/leval06.pdf pdf]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=133998 The Fidelity vs. ICD/Your Move Lawsuit... The Epic] by [[Steven Schwartz]], [[CCC]], October 19, 2000 » [[ICD Corporation]]
* [http://www.hiarcs.net/forums/viewtopic.php?t=6768&start=108 Ron Nelson] by [[Ron Nelson|ChessChallenger]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Hiarcs Forum]], December 23, 2015 » [[Sidney Samole]]
: [http://www.hiarcs.net/forums/viewtopic.php?t=6768&start=189 Fidelity and Fast Hardware] by [[Ron Nelson|ChessChallenger]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Hiarcs Forum]], December 31, 2015
=External Links=
==Fidelity==
* [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidelity_Electronics Fidelity Electronics from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.ismenio.com/fidelity.html Fidelity Electronics] from [http://www.ismenio.com/chess_computers.html chesscomputers.org]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/fidelity.html Fidelity Electronic Chess Computers] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/sets/72157600922170604/ Fidelity | Photo collection] by [[Steve Blincoe|Chewbanta]]
* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/sets/72157600923819227/ Fidelity ..The Golden Years | Photo collection] by [[Steve Blincoe|Chewbanta]]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/search.php?more=&submitted=1&keywords=Fidelity&x=33&y=12&all=all&item_document=item_document&item_moving_image=item_moving_image&item_artifact=item_artifact&item_still_image=item_still_image&item_oral_history=item_oral_history&item_software=item_software Search Fidelity from the Mastering the Game exhibition and on-line collection] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity Fidelity] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Die_Geschichte_der_Firma_Fidelity_-_Teil_1 Die Geschichte der Firma Fidelity - Teil 1] by [[Alwin Gruber]], [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Die_Geschichte_der_Firma_Fidelity_-_Teil_2 Die Geschichte der Firma Fidelity - Teil 2] by [[Alwin Gruber]], [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Die_Geschichte_der_Firma_Fidelity_-_Teil_3 Die Geschichte der Firma Fidelity - Teil 3] by [[Alwin Gruber]], [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Die_Geschichte_der_Firma_Fidelity_-_Teil_4 Die Geschichte der Firma Fidelity - Teil 4] by [[Alwin Gruber]], [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
==ICGA Tournaments==
* [http://www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/icga/program.php?id=312 Fidelity's ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/icga/program.php?id=427 Challenger's ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/icga/program.php?id=472 Elite's ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/icga/program.php?id=478 Sensory's ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/icga/program.php?id=484 Elegance's ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/icga/program.php?id=485 Private Line's ICGA Tournaments]
==Chess Computers==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Product Link(s) <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity Fidelity] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)</ref> <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>
! Author(s)
! Processor
! Tournaments
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1977
| [http://www.ismenio.com/chess_cc1.html Fidelity Chess Challenger 1]<br/>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_chess_challenger__cc1.html Fidelity Chess Challenger (CC1)]<br/>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_1 Fidelity Chess Challenger 1]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[8080]]
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_3 Fidelity Chess Challenger 3]<br/>[http://www.ismenio.com/chess_fidelity_cc3.html Chess Challenger 3], [http://www.ismenio.com/chess_cc1_vs_cc3.html CC1 vs CC3]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[8080]], 2 MHz
|
|-
| 1978
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_10 Fidelity Chess Challenger 10]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1979
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_7 Fidelity Chess Challenger 7]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]]
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_Voice Fidelity Chess Challenger Voice]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1980
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Sensory_8 Fidelity Sensory 8]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_CC_Sensory_Voice Fidelity Voice Sensory Chess Challenger]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_decorator_challenger.html Fidelity Decorator Challenger]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1981
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_Mini_Sensory Fidelity Chess Challenger Mini Sensory]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/80C50 80C50], 6 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_CC_Champion Fidelity Champion Sensory Chess Challenger]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 2 MHz
| [[WMCCC 1980]], 1st
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1982
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Super_9 Fidelity Super 9 Sensory Chess Challenger]
[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_super_9.html Fidelity Super 9]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 2 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_USCF_SE Fidelity USCF Special Edition]
[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_uscf_special_edition.html Fidelity USCF Special Edition]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 2.5 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_CC_Elite_Champion Fidelity Elite Champion Sensory Chess Challenger]<br/>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_elite_champion.html Fidelity Elite Champion]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 4 MHz
| [[WMCCC 1981]], 1st
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elegance Fidelity Elegance]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3, 3.6 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Prestige Fidelity Prestige]<br/>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_prestige.html Fidelity Prestige]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1983
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Playmatic_S Fidelity Playmatic S]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3.1 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_A/S_Budapest Fidelity Elite A/S Budapest]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3.2 MHz
| [[WMCCC 1983]], 1st
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Poppy Fidelity Poppy]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1984
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_A/S_Glasgow Fidelity Elite A/S Glasgow]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3.6, 4 MHz
| [[WMCCC 1984]], 1st
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Sensory_12 Fidelity Sensory 12]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3, 4 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Septennial Fidelity Septennial Chess Challenger]<br/>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_champion_septennial.html Fidelity Champion Septennial]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_Privat Fidelity Elite Privat]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 5 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1985
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Classic Fidelity Classic]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Excellence Fidelity Excellence]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3, 4, 5 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1986
| [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_silver_bullet.html Fidelity Silver Bullet]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]]
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_Avantgarde Fidelity Elite Avant Garde]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 5 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_Avantgarde_2100 Fidelity Elite Avant Garde 2100]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 6 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Par_Excellence Fidelity Par Excellence]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 5 MHz
|
|-
| [[Chess Challenger|Chess Challenger X]]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]<br/>[[Ron Nelson]], [[Danny Kopec]]
| [[Z80]], 16 x [[68000]]
| [[ACM 1986]], 7th
|-
| [[Fidelity|Fidelity X]]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]<br/>[[Danny Kopec]]
| [[68020]]
| [[ACM 1986]], 10th
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1987
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_The_Gambit Fidelity The Gambit]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/80C50 80C50], 6 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Gambit_Voice Fidelity Gambit Voice]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Excel_68000 Fidelity Excel 68000]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68000]], 12 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Mach_II Fidelity Excel 68000 Mach II]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68000]], 12 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1988
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Excel_Display Fidelity Excel Display]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Designer_2000 Fidelity Designer 2000]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3 MHz
|
|-
| [[Fidelity Phantom]]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 5 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Designer_2100_Display Fidelity Designer 2100 Display]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 6 MHz
|
|-
| [[Chess Challenger#ChallengerX|Chess Challenger X]] <ref>[[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]] and [[Danny Kopec]] ('''1989'''). ''Results of The Nineteenth ACM North American Computer Chess Championship'', in [http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=doc-431614f6cb3a1 The Twentieth ACM North American Computer Chess Championship] from [[The Computer History Museum]], [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/3-1%20and%203-2%20and%203-3%20and%204-3.1989_20th_NACCC/1989%20NACCC.062303064.sm.pdf pdf]</ref>
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]<br/>[[Ron Nelson]]
| [[68030]]
| [[ACM 1988]], 2nd
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Excel_Mach_III Fidelity Excel Mach III]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68000]]
|
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1989
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_V2 Fidelity Elite Avant Garde V2]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68000]], 16 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_V6 Fidelity Elite Avant Garde V6]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68020]], 20 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Excel_Mach_IV Fidelity Excel Mach IV]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68020]], 20 MHz
| [[Aegon 1989]]
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_V9 Fidelity Elite Avant Garde V9]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68030]], 32 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc194e20 Fidelity X] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc194e20 Fidelity X chess computer at the 6th World Chess Championship in Edmonton, Alberta], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68030]] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=doc-434fea055cbb3 Kings Move - Welcome to the 1989 AGT World Computer Chess Championship.] Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Courtesy of [[Peter Jennings]], from [[The Computer History Museum]], [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/3-1%20and%203-2%20and%203-3%20and%204-3.1989_WCCC/1989%20WCCC.062302028.sm.pdf pdf]</ref>
| [[WCCC 1989]], 6th
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Card Fidelity Chess Card]
| [[David Levy]], [[Mark Taylor]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/HMCS40 HMCS40], 0.5 MHz, 4 Bit
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Pal Fidelity Chess Pal]
| [[David Levy]], [[Mark Taylor]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/HMCS40 HMCS40], 0.6 MHz, 4 Bit
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1990
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_V10 Fidelity Elite Avant Garde V10] <ref>[[Frederic Friedel]] ('''1990'''). ''[http://www.schachcomputer.at/fid10.htm Elektronischer Sekundant ein Fidelity-Computer bei der Schach-WM in New-York]''. [[Computerschach und Spiele]] 6/90 (German)</ref>
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68040]], 25 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chesster_Challenger Fidelity Chesster Challenger], [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Kishon_Chesster Kishon Chesster]<br/>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_chesster_phantom_eyeb.html Fidelity Chesster Phantom Eyeball]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 5Mhz<br/>[[6502|65C02]], 3.6 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Designer_1500 Fidelity Designer 1500]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Designer_2265_Master Fidelity Designer 2265 Master]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68000]], 16 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Marauder Fidelity Marauder]
| [[Eric van Riet Paap]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/M50743 M50743], 8 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Genesis Fidelity Genesis]
| [[Kaare Danielsen]]
| [[6800#6301|6301V]], 7.2 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1991
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Tiny Fidelity Tiny]
| [[Eric van Riet Paap]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/M50743 M50743], 8 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_Micro Fidelity Chess Challenger Micro]
| [[David Levy]], [[Mark Taylor]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/HMCS40 HMCS40], 0.6 MHz, 4 Bit
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Designer_2325_Master Fidelity Designer 2325 Master]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68020]], 20 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1992
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Travel_Master Fidelity Travel Master]
| [[Frans Morsch]]
| [[H8|H8/330]], 10 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Eldorado Fidelity Eldorado]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/80C49 80C49], 6 MHz, 8 Bit
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_Premiere Fidelity Elite Premiere]<br/>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_elite_premiere.html Fidelity Elite Premiere]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]],<br/>[[Richard Lang]]
| [[68000]], 16 MHz
|
|-
| 1994
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_V11_68060 Fidelity Elite Avant Garde V11]<br/>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_elite_avant_garde_v_1.html Fidelity Elite Avant Garde V.11]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/68060 68060], 75 MHz
|
|}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Organizations|Up one Level]]'''
[[FILE:Fidelity_Electronics_Logo.JPG|border|right|thumb|| Fidelity Logo <ref>[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidelity_Electronics Fidelity Electronics from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Fidelity Electronics''' ('''Fidelity International Inc.'''),<br/>
was an American [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_aid hearing-aid] manufacturing company, founded in 1959, and in March 1970 purchased by [[Sidney Samole|Sidney]] and [[Myron Samole]] <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Datei:Fidelity_02.jpg The Fidelity Story], Image hosted by [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki]</ref> . Among its other cutting-edge technology, Fidelity Electronics produced high-tech, bio-medical products, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromyography myo-electric] hands, prostheses that could actually be controlled by the brain impulses of amputees. Since 1976, Fidelity Electronics developed and produced [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computers]].
=Photos=
<ref>[http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/sets/72157600923819227/with/858218235/ 16.Fidelity ..The Golden Years | Flickr - Fotosharing] by [[Steve Blincoe|Chewbanta]]</ref>
[[FILE:NelsonEngineer.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|626px|link=http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/859077348/sizes/z/in/photostream/]]
Director of Engineering: [[Ron Nelson]]
<span id="SpracklensAppleICE"></span>
[[FILE:SpracklensAppleICE.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|link=http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/858218235/in/photostream]]
[[Kathe Spracklen|Kathe]] and [[Dan Spracklen]] [[Debugging|debugging]] [[Chess Challenger|Challenger]] with [[Apple II]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-circuit_emulator in-circuit emulator] <ref>[http://www.biz-i.biz/ John D. Ferguson] ('''1983'''). ''In-Circuit Emulation for the Apple II Computer''. [[Byte Magazine]], September 1983, [http://www.classiccmp.org/cini/pdf/byte/Apple2ICE.pdf pdf]</ref>
=History=
Sidney Samole was the man who dreamed, patented and produced the first commercial chess computer. He closely cooperated with [[Ron Nelson]] and later with [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]. He was credited with inventing the first commercial electronic chess game in the 1970s after watching a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek Star Trek] episode <ref>[[Göran Grottling]] ('''1988'''). ''Thank you Mister Spock! Ein Interview mit Sid Samole.'' [[Modul]] 4/88, pp. 36-38 (German), [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/12-1988,%20Modul,%20Interview%20mit%20Sid%20Samole.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Hein Veldhuis]]</ref> . It seems that he actually had the idea but it was [[Ron Nelson]] who really created the machine, called [[Chess Challenger|Fidelity Chess Challenger 1]] <ref>[http://www.ismenio.com/chess_cc1.html Fidelity Chess Challenger 1] from [http://www.ismenio.com/chess_computers.html chesscomputers.org]</ref> <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_chess_challenger__cc1.html Fidelity Chess Challenger (CC1)] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> . After building three working models and four non-working models, Sidney Samole decided to promote his new brainchild at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago Chicago's] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Show Consumer Electronics Show] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977 January 1977] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Alburt Lev Alburt] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Lawrence Al Lawrence] ('''2000'''). ''"How About a Nice Game of Chess?" - Any Time. Sidney Samole (1935-2000)''. [http://www.chesscafe.com/ Chess Café], October 17, 2000, [http://www.chesscafe.com/text/leval06.pdf pdf]</ref> . Fidelity prospered. In fact, it seems that the success of the ''Fidelity Chess Challenger 7'' computer <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_7 Fidelity Chess Challenger 7] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)</ref> , which sold about 600,000 units was responsible for the move from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago Chicago], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois Illinois] to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami Miami] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida Florida] in January 1981. Fidelity also produced computerized [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_bridge Bridge], [[Checkers]], and [[Othello]] games. Fidelity manufactured all its games in the US.
By 1989, a recession was in the wind, and Sidney Samole was sensitive to its warning breezes. He sold Fidelity Electronics at the top of its value to [[Hegener & Glaser]]. Sidney's son, [[Shane Samole]], who already started Fidelity Canada in 1984 <ref>[http://www.fidelityelectronics.com/en/about/about7.asp Fidelity Electronics Inc. - About Us]</ref> took a loan from his father and started [[Excalibur Electronics]] in 1992. Sidney Samole died on July 30, 2000 <ref>The Editor ('''2000'''). ''[http://ticc.uvt.nl/icga/journal/contents/content23-4.htm#SIDNEY%20SAMOLE SIDNEY SAMOLE (1935-2000)]''. [[ICGA Journal]] [http://ticc.uvt.nl/icga/journal/contents/content23-4.htm Vol. 23, No. 4] - December 2000</ref> .
=Achievements=
Fidelity chess computers won the first four [[World Microcomputer Chess Championship|World Microcomputer Chess Championships]]: [[Chess Challenger]] won in [[WMCCC 1980|London 1980]], [[Fidelity|Fidelity X]] in [[WMCCC 1981|Travemünde 1981]], [[Elite|Elite A/S]] in [[WMCCC 1983|Budapest 1983]], and [[Elite|Elite X]] in [[WMCCC 1984|Glasgow 1984]]. Moreover, they won the four [[United States Open Computer Chess Championship|United States Open Computer Chess Championships]], all held in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama Mobile, Alabama], in [[USOCCC 1985|1985]], [[USOCCC 1986|1986]], [[USOCCC 1987|1987]] and [[USOCCC 1988|1988]] ([[Chessmaster#2100|Chessmaster 2100]]) . A remarkable performance is its first place in the [[ACM 1988]] Championship, tied with [[Deep Thought]].
=People=
==Programmers==
[[Ron Nelson]], [[Kathe Spracklen|Kathe]] and [[Dan Spracklen]] were [[Sidney Samole|Samole's]] protégés and "house" programmers. Nelson programs were all [[Intel]] [[8080]] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilog Zilog] [[Z80]] based, while the Spracklens relied on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology MOS Technology] [[6502]] and later on [[Motorola]] [[68000]] and successors. Soon after Samole sold Fidelity to [[Hegener & Glaser]], some more programmers were associated with Fidelity chess computers.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Author
! List of computers <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki]</ref>
|-
| [[Kaare Danielsen]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Kaare_Danielsen Danielsen, Kaare]
|-
| [[Frank Duason]]
|
|-
| [[Ed English]]
|
|-
| [[Richard Lang]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Lang,_Richard Lang, Richard]
|-
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Nelson,_Ron Nelson, Ron]
|-
| [[Frans Morsch]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Morsch,_Frans Morsch, Frans]
|-
| [[Eric van Riet Paap]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Van_Riet_Paap,_Eric Van Riet Paap, Eric]
|-
| [[Dan Spracklen]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Spracklen,_Dan_%26_Kathe Spracklen, Dan & Kathe]
|-
| [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Spracklen,_Dan_%26_Kathe Spracklen, Dan & Kathe]
|-
| [[Mark Taylor]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Taylor,_Mark Taylor, Mark]
|}
==Misc==
* [[Boris Baczynskyj]]
* [[Terry Everett]]
* [[Tom Fürstenberg]] <ref>[http://users.skynet.be/fidelity/furstenberg.html Furstenberg] (Dutch)</ref>
* [[Peter-Ingolf Gericke]]
* [[Florian Glaser]] since 1989
* [[Manfred Hegener]] since 1989
* [[David Levy]] <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Levy,_David Levy, David] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki]</ref>
* [[Peter Reckwitz]]
* [[Myron Samole]]
* [[Shane Samole]]
* [[Sidney Samole]]
=Fidelity Computers=
Fidelity had various brand names for their chess computers, most notably [[Chess Challenger]]. While competing at official tournaments, development- or experimental versions were called [[Fidelity|Fidelity X]] or [[Chess Challenger|Challenger X]].
* [[Chess Challenger]]
* [[Elegance]]
* [[Elite]]
* [[Excel]]
* [[Excellence]]
* [[Fidelity]]
* [[Fidelity Phantom]]
* [[Par Excellence]]
* [[Private Line]]
* [[Sensory 9]]
=See also=
* [[Chafitz]]
* [[Excalibur Electronics]]
* [[Chessmaster#Sargon3|Fidelity Chessmaster 2100]]
* [[Hegener & Glaser]]
=Publications=
* [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-39867523.html Schachcomputer: Markt und Müll], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 49/1979, December 03, 1979, (German) [http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=39867523&aref=image035/E0513/PPM-SP197904901190131.pdf pdf]
* [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14334137.html Schachcomputer: Tricks und Trug], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 50/1980, December 08, 1980, (German) [http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=14334137&aref=image036/2006/06/16/cq-sp198005000620071.pdf pdf]
* [[Göran Grottling]] ('''1988'''). ''Thank you Mister Spock! Ein Interview mit Sid Samole.'' [[Modul]] 4/88, pp. 36-38 (German), [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/12-1988,%20Modul,%20Interview%20mit%20Sid%20Samole.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Alburt Lev Alburt] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Lawrence Al Lawrence] ('''2000'''). ''"How About a Nice Game of Chess?" - Any Time. Sidney Samole (1935-2000)''. [http://www.chesscafe.com/ Chess Café], October 17, 2000, [http://www.chesscafe.com/text/leval06.pdf pdf]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=133998 The Fidelity vs. ICD/Your Move Lawsuit... The Epic] by [[Steven Schwartz]], [[CCC]], October 19, 2000 » [[ICD Corporation]]
* [http://www.hiarcs.net/forums/viewtopic.php?t=6768&start=108 Ron Nelson] by [[Ron Nelson|ChessChallenger]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Hiarcs Forum]], December 23, 2015 » [[Sidney Samole]]
: [http://www.hiarcs.net/forums/viewtopic.php?t=6768&start=189 Fidelity and Fast Hardware] by [[Ron Nelson|ChessChallenger]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Hiarcs Forum]], December 31, 2015
=External Links=
==Fidelity==
* [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidelity_Electronics Fidelity Electronics from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.ismenio.com/fidelity.html Fidelity Electronics] from [http://www.ismenio.com/chess_computers.html chesscomputers.org]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/fidelity.html Fidelity Electronic Chess Computers] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/sets/72157600922170604/ Fidelity | Photo collection] by [[Steve Blincoe|Chewbanta]]
* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/sets/72157600923819227/ Fidelity ..The Golden Years | Photo collection] by [[Steve Blincoe|Chewbanta]]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/search.php?more=&submitted=1&keywords=Fidelity&x=33&y=12&all=all&item_document=item_document&item_moving_image=item_moving_image&item_artifact=item_artifact&item_still_image=item_still_image&item_oral_history=item_oral_history&item_software=item_software Search Fidelity from the Mastering the Game exhibition and on-line collection] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity Fidelity] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Die_Geschichte_der_Firma_Fidelity_-_Teil_1 Die Geschichte der Firma Fidelity - Teil 1] by [[Alwin Gruber]], [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Die_Geschichte_der_Firma_Fidelity_-_Teil_2 Die Geschichte der Firma Fidelity - Teil 2] by [[Alwin Gruber]], [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Die_Geschichte_der_Firma_Fidelity_-_Teil_3 Die Geschichte der Firma Fidelity - Teil 3] by [[Alwin Gruber]], [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Die_Geschichte_der_Firma_Fidelity_-_Teil_4 Die Geschichte der Firma Fidelity - Teil 4] by [[Alwin Gruber]], [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)
==ICGA Tournaments==
* [http://www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/icga/program.php?id=312 Fidelity's ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/icga/program.php?id=427 Challenger's ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/icga/program.php?id=472 Elite's ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/icga/program.php?id=478 Sensory's ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/icga/program.php?id=484 Elegance's ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/icga/program.php?id=485 Private Line's ICGA Tournaments]
==Chess Computers==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Product Link(s) <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity Fidelity] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info Wiki] (German)</ref> <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>
! Author(s)
! Processor
! Tournaments
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1977
| [http://www.ismenio.com/chess_cc1.html Fidelity Chess Challenger 1]<br/>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_chess_challenger__cc1.html Fidelity Chess Challenger (CC1)]<br/>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_1 Fidelity Chess Challenger 1]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[8080]]
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_3 Fidelity Chess Challenger 3]<br/>[http://www.ismenio.com/chess_fidelity_cc3.html Chess Challenger 3], [http://www.ismenio.com/chess_cc1_vs_cc3.html CC1 vs CC3]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[8080]], 2 MHz
|
|-
| 1978
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_10 Fidelity Chess Challenger 10]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1979
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_7 Fidelity Chess Challenger 7]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]]
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_Voice Fidelity Chess Challenger Voice]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1980
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Sensory_8 Fidelity Sensory 8]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_CC_Sensory_Voice Fidelity Voice Sensory Chess Challenger]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_decorator_challenger.html Fidelity Decorator Challenger]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1981
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_Mini_Sensory Fidelity Chess Challenger Mini Sensory]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/80C50 80C50], 6 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_CC_Champion Fidelity Champion Sensory Chess Challenger]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 2 MHz
| [[WMCCC 1980]], 1st
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1982
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Super_9 Fidelity Super 9 Sensory Chess Challenger]
[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_super_9.html Fidelity Super 9]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 2 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_USCF_SE Fidelity USCF Special Edition]
[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_uscf_special_edition.html Fidelity USCF Special Edition]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 2.5 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_CC_Elite_Champion Fidelity Elite Champion Sensory Chess Challenger]<br/>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_elite_champion.html Fidelity Elite Champion]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 4 MHz
| [[WMCCC 1981]], 1st
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elegance Fidelity Elegance]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3, 3.6 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Prestige Fidelity Prestige]<br/>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_prestige.html Fidelity Prestige]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1983
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Playmatic_S Fidelity Playmatic S]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3.1 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_A/S_Budapest Fidelity Elite A/S Budapest]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3.2 MHz
| [[WMCCC 1983]], 1st
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Poppy Fidelity Poppy]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1984
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_A/S_Glasgow Fidelity Elite A/S Glasgow]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3.6, 4 MHz
| [[WMCCC 1984]], 1st
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Sensory_12 Fidelity Sensory 12]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3, 4 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Septennial Fidelity Septennial Chess Challenger]<br/>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_champion_septennial.html Fidelity Champion Septennial]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_Privat Fidelity Elite Privat]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 5 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1985
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Classic Fidelity Classic]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Excellence Fidelity Excellence]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3, 4, 5 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1986
| [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_silver_bullet.html Fidelity Silver Bullet]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]]
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_Avantgarde Fidelity Elite Avant Garde]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 5 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_Avantgarde_2100 Fidelity Elite Avant Garde 2100]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 6 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Par_Excellence Fidelity Par Excellence]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 5 MHz
|
|-
| [[Chess Challenger|Chess Challenger X]]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]<br/>[[Ron Nelson]], [[Danny Kopec]]
| [[Z80]], 16 x [[68000]]
| [[ACM 1986]], 7th
|-
| [[Fidelity|Fidelity X]]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]<br/>[[Danny Kopec]]
| [[68020]]
| [[ACM 1986]], 10th
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1987
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_The_Gambit Fidelity The Gambit]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/80C50 80C50], 6 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Gambit_Voice Fidelity Gambit Voice]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Excel_68000 Fidelity Excel 68000]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68000]], 12 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Mach_II Fidelity Excel 68000 Mach II]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68000]], 12 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1988
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Excel_Display Fidelity Excel Display]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Designer_2000 Fidelity Designer 2000]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 3 MHz
|
|-
| [[Fidelity Phantom]]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 5 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Designer_2100_Display Fidelity Designer 2100 Display]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 6 MHz
|
|-
| [[Chess Challenger#ChallengerX|Chess Challenger X]] <ref>[[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]] and [[Danny Kopec]] ('''1989'''). ''Results of The Nineteenth ACM North American Computer Chess Championship'', in [http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=doc-431614f6cb3a1 The Twentieth ACM North American Computer Chess Championship] from [[The Computer History Museum]], [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/3-1%20and%203-2%20and%203-3%20and%204-3.1989_20th_NACCC/1989%20NACCC.062303064.sm.pdf pdf]</ref>
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]<br/>[[Ron Nelson]]
| [[68030]]
| [[ACM 1988]], 2nd
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Excel_Mach_III Fidelity Excel Mach III]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68000]]
|
|-
| rowspan="7" | 1989
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_V2 Fidelity Elite Avant Garde V2]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68000]], 16 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_V6 Fidelity Elite Avant Garde V6]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68020]], 20 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Excel_Mach_IV Fidelity Excel Mach IV]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68020]], 20 MHz
| [[Aegon 1989]]
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_V9 Fidelity Elite Avant Garde V9]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68030]], 32 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc194e20 Fidelity X] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431f4cc194e20 Fidelity X chess computer at the 6th World Chess Championship in Edmonton, Alberta], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68030]] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=doc-434fea055cbb3 Kings Move - Welcome to the 1989 AGT World Computer Chess Championship.] Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Courtesy of [[Peter Jennings]], from [[The Computer History Museum]], [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/3-1%20and%203-2%20and%203-3%20and%204-3.1989_WCCC/1989%20WCCC.062302028.sm.pdf pdf]</ref>
| [[WCCC 1989]], 6th
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Card Fidelity Chess Card]
| [[David Levy]], [[Mark Taylor]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/HMCS40 HMCS40], 0.5 MHz, 4 Bit
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Pal Fidelity Chess Pal]
| [[David Levy]], [[Mark Taylor]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/HMCS40 HMCS40], 0.6 MHz, 4 Bit
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1990
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_V10 Fidelity Elite Avant Garde V10] <ref>[[Frederic Friedel]] ('''1990'''). ''[http://www.schachcomputer.at/fid10.htm Elektronischer Sekundant ein Fidelity-Computer bei der Schach-WM in New-York]''. [[Computerschach und Spiele]] 6/90 (German)</ref>
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68040]], 25 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chesster_Challenger Fidelity Chesster Challenger], [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Kishon_Chesster Kishon Chesster]<br/>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_chesster_phantom_eyeb.html Fidelity Chesster Phantom Eyeball]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[6502]], 5Mhz<br/>[[6502|65C02]], 3.6 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Designer_1500 Fidelity Designer 1500]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[Z80]], 4 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Designer_2265_Master Fidelity Designer 2265 Master]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68000]], 16 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Marauder Fidelity Marauder]
| [[Eric van Riet Paap]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/M50743 M50743], 8 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Genesis Fidelity Genesis]
| [[Kaare Danielsen]]
| [[6800#6301|6301V]], 7.2 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1991
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Tiny Fidelity Tiny]
| [[Eric van Riet Paap]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/M50743 M50743], 8 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Chess_Challenger_Micro Fidelity Chess Challenger Micro]
| [[David Levy]], [[Mark Taylor]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/HMCS40 HMCS40], 0.6 MHz, 4 Bit
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Designer_2325_Master Fidelity Designer 2325 Master]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [[68020]], 20 MHz
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1992
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Travel_Master Fidelity Travel Master]
| [[Frans Morsch]]
| [[H8|H8/330]], 10 MHz
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Eldorado Fidelity Eldorado]
| [[Ron Nelson]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/80C49 80C49], 6 MHz, 8 Bit
|
|-
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_Premiere Fidelity Elite Premiere]<br/>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_elite_premiere.html Fidelity Elite Premiere]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]],<br/>[[Richard Lang]]
| [[68000]], 16 MHz
|
|-
| 1994
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Fidelity_Elite_V11_68060 Fidelity Elite Avant Garde V11]<br/>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/fidelity_elite_avant_garde_v_1.html Fidelity Elite Avant Garde V.11]
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] and [[Kathe Spracklen]]
| [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/68060 68060], 75 MHz
|
|}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Organizations|Up one Level]]'''
