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Created page with "'''Home * Games * Connect Four''' FILE:Connect_4_Board_and_Box.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Connect_4_Board_and_Box.jpg|..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Games]] * Connect Four'''
[[FILE:Connect_4_Board_and_Box.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Connect_4_Board_and_Box.jpg|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasbro Hasbro's] Connect 4 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasbro Hasbro's] 2015 package and board for the trademarked [http://www.hasbro.com/en-us/product/connect-4-game:80FB5BCA-5056-9047-F5F4-5EB5DF88DAF4 Connect 4 game], © [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasbro Hasbro], from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connect_Four Connect Four from Wikipedia], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use Fair use]</ref> ]]
'''Connect Four''', (Connect-Four, Connect 4, The Captain's Mistress, Four in a Row, Four in a Line)<br/>
a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tic-tac-toe tic-tac-toe] like game in which two players drop discs into a 7x6 board. The first player to get four in a row, either vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, wins. The game was known as ''The Captain's Mistress'', released in its current form by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Bradley_Company Milton Bradley] in 1974 (Milton Bradley was acquired by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasbro Hasbro] in 1984). Connect Four was first (weakly) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solved_game solved] by [[James D. Allen]] as announced in a [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.programmer]] posting on October 01, 1988 <ref>[http://tromp.github.io/c4/c4.html John's Connect Four Playground] by [[John Tromp]]</ref>, and only 15 days later, [[Victor Allis]] announced his independently discovered solution <ref>[https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.programmer/FzbDjrCQlqQ/rJuEfQXhKEQJ AI program solves Connect Four] by [[Victor Allis]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.programmer]], October 16, 1988</ref>, described in his thesis <ref>[[Victor Allis]] ('''1988'''). ''A Knowledge-Based Approach of Connect Four: The Game is Over, White to Move Wins''. M.Sc. Thesis, Report No. IR-163, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrije_Universiteit Vrije Universteit, Amsterdam]</ref>.
=See also=
* [[1st Computer Olympiad#Connect4|Connect Four]] @ [[1st Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Connect6]]
* [[Gomoku]]
* [[Yoshiaki Yamaguchi#InfiniteConnectFour|Infinite Connect Four]]
* [[Renju]]
=Selected Publications=
==1988 ...==
* [[Victor Allis]] ('''1988'''). ''A Knowledge-Based Approach of Connect Four: The Game is Over, White to Move Wins''. M.Sc. Thesis, Report No. IR-163, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrije_Universiteit Vrije Universteit, Amsterdam]
* [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Victor Allis]] ('''1989'''). ''A Knowledge-Based Approach to Connect Four: The Game is Over, White to Move Wins''. [[1st Computer Olympiad#Workshop|Heuristic Programming in AI 1]]
* [[James D. Allen]] ('''1989'''). ''A note on the Computer Solution of Connect Four''. [[1st Computer Olympiad#Workshop|Heuristic Programming in AI 1]]
==1990 ...==
* [[James D. Allen]] ('''1990'''). ''[http://tromp.github.io/c4.html Expert Play in Connect-Four]''. hosted by [[John Tromp]]
* [[James D. Allen]] ('''1990'''). ''The Complete Book of CONNECT 4''. Sterling Publishing
==2000 ...==
* [[Hendrik Baier]] ('''2006'''). ''Der Alpha-Beta-Algorithmus und Erweiterungen bei Vier Gewinnt''. Bachelor's thesis (German), [[Darmstadt University of Technology|TU Darmstadt]], advisor [[Johannes Fürnkranz]], [http://www.ke.tu-darmstadt.de/lehre/arbeiten/bachelor/2006/Baier_Hendrik.pdf pdf]
==2010 ...==
* [[James D. Allen]] ('''2010 '''). ''The Complete Book of CONNECT 4: History, Strategy, Puzzles''. 2nd edition, Sterling Publishing
* [[Yoshiaki Yamaguchi]], [[Kazunori Yamaguchi]], [[Tetsuro Tanaka]], [[Tomoyuki Kaneko]] ('''2011'''). ''Infinite Connect-Four Is Solved: Draw''. [[Advances in Computer Games 13]]
* [[Yoshiaki Yamaguchi]], [[Tetsuro Tanaka]], [[Kazunori Yamaguchi]] ('''2013'''). ''Cylinder-Infinite-Connect-Four except for Widths 2, 6, and 11 is Solved: Drawn''. [[CG 2013]]
* [[Yoshiaki Yamaguchi]], [[Todd W. Neller]] ('''2015'''). ''First Player’s Cannot-Lose Strategy in Cylinder-Infinite-Connect-Four for Widths 2 and 6''. [[Advances in Computer Games 14]]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.programmer/FzbDjrCQlqQ/rJuEfQXhKEQJ AI program solves Connect Four] by [[Victor Allis]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.programmer]], October 16, 1988
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.programmer/VXrs-f19hMY/WsaG0WU5CakJ Connect-4] by Mark Kern, [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.programmer]], February 25, 1990
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=24560 mate detetion issue] by [[Mike Adams]], [[CCC]], October 24, 2008 » [[Checkmate]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=66443 Connect 4 AlphaZero implemented using Python...] by [[Steve Maughan]], [[CCC]], January 29, 2018 » [[AlphaZero]], [[Python]]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connect_Four Connect Four from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Connect_Four Connect Four - Wikibooks]
* [http://fabpedigree.com/james/connect4.htm Connect Four] by [[James D. Allen]]
* [http://tromp.github.io/c4/c4.html John's Connect Four Playground] by [[John Tromp]]
* [http://blog.gamesolver.org/ Solving Connect 4: how to build a perfect AI] by [[Pascal Pons]]
: [http://connect4.gamesolver.org/?pos= Connect Four Solver]
* [http://www.mastersgames.com/rules/captains-mistress-rules.htm The Rules of The Captain's Mistress]
* [http://web.mit.edu/sp.268/www/2010/connectFourSlides.pdf Connect Four - Slides] (pdf) [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], March 9, 2010
* [https://medium.com/applied-data-science/how-to-build-your-own-alphazero-ai-using-python-and-keras-7f664945c188 How to build your own AlphaZero AI using Python and Keras] by [https://www.linkedin.com/in/davidtfoster/ David Foster], January 26, 2018 » [[AlphaZero]], [[Python]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=66443 Connect 4 AlphaZero implemented using Python...] by [[Steve Maughan]], [[CCC]], January 29, 2018</ref>
* [http://www.hasbro.com/en-us/product/connect-4-game:80FB5BCA-5056-9047-F5F4-5EB5DF88DAF4 Connect 4 Game | Toys for Kids] from [http://www.hasbro.com/en-us/ Hasbro Official Website | Hasbro Toys]
* [http://www.numberphile.com/videos/connect4.html Connect Four - Numberphile] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brady_Haran Brady Haran], December 01, 2013, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDWPi1pZ0Po|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Games|Up one Level]]'''
[[FILE:Connect_4_Board_and_Box.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Connect_4_Board_and_Box.jpg|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasbro Hasbro's] Connect 4 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasbro Hasbro's] 2015 package and board for the trademarked [http://www.hasbro.com/en-us/product/connect-4-game:80FB5BCA-5056-9047-F5F4-5EB5DF88DAF4 Connect 4 game], © [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasbro Hasbro], from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connect_Four Connect Four from Wikipedia], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use Fair use]</ref> ]]
'''Connect Four''', (Connect-Four, Connect 4, The Captain's Mistress, Four in a Row, Four in a Line)<br/>
a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tic-tac-toe tic-tac-toe] like game in which two players drop discs into a 7x6 board. The first player to get four in a row, either vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, wins. The game was known as ''The Captain's Mistress'', released in its current form by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Bradley_Company Milton Bradley] in 1974 (Milton Bradley was acquired by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasbro Hasbro] in 1984). Connect Four was first (weakly) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solved_game solved] by [[James D. Allen]] as announced in a [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.programmer]] posting on October 01, 1988 <ref>[http://tromp.github.io/c4/c4.html John's Connect Four Playground] by [[John Tromp]]</ref>, and only 15 days later, [[Victor Allis]] announced his independently discovered solution <ref>[https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.programmer/FzbDjrCQlqQ/rJuEfQXhKEQJ AI program solves Connect Four] by [[Victor Allis]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.programmer]], October 16, 1988</ref>, described in his thesis <ref>[[Victor Allis]] ('''1988'''). ''A Knowledge-Based Approach of Connect Four: The Game is Over, White to Move Wins''. M.Sc. Thesis, Report No. IR-163, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrije_Universiteit Vrije Universteit, Amsterdam]</ref>.
=See also=
* [[1st Computer Olympiad#Connect4|Connect Four]] @ [[1st Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Connect6]]
* [[Gomoku]]
* [[Yoshiaki Yamaguchi#InfiniteConnectFour|Infinite Connect Four]]
* [[Renju]]
=Selected Publications=
==1988 ...==
* [[Victor Allis]] ('''1988'''). ''A Knowledge-Based Approach of Connect Four: The Game is Over, White to Move Wins''. M.Sc. Thesis, Report No. IR-163, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrije_Universiteit Vrije Universteit, Amsterdam]
* [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Victor Allis]] ('''1989'''). ''A Knowledge-Based Approach to Connect Four: The Game is Over, White to Move Wins''. [[1st Computer Olympiad#Workshop|Heuristic Programming in AI 1]]
* [[James D. Allen]] ('''1989'''). ''A note on the Computer Solution of Connect Four''. [[1st Computer Olympiad#Workshop|Heuristic Programming in AI 1]]
==1990 ...==
* [[James D. Allen]] ('''1990'''). ''[http://tromp.github.io/c4.html Expert Play in Connect-Four]''. hosted by [[John Tromp]]
* [[James D. Allen]] ('''1990'''). ''The Complete Book of CONNECT 4''. Sterling Publishing
==2000 ...==
* [[Hendrik Baier]] ('''2006'''). ''Der Alpha-Beta-Algorithmus und Erweiterungen bei Vier Gewinnt''. Bachelor's thesis (German), [[Darmstadt University of Technology|TU Darmstadt]], advisor [[Johannes Fürnkranz]], [http://www.ke.tu-darmstadt.de/lehre/arbeiten/bachelor/2006/Baier_Hendrik.pdf pdf]
==2010 ...==
* [[James D. Allen]] ('''2010 '''). ''The Complete Book of CONNECT 4: History, Strategy, Puzzles''. 2nd edition, Sterling Publishing
* [[Yoshiaki Yamaguchi]], [[Kazunori Yamaguchi]], [[Tetsuro Tanaka]], [[Tomoyuki Kaneko]] ('''2011'''). ''Infinite Connect-Four Is Solved: Draw''. [[Advances in Computer Games 13]]
* [[Yoshiaki Yamaguchi]], [[Tetsuro Tanaka]], [[Kazunori Yamaguchi]] ('''2013'''). ''Cylinder-Infinite-Connect-Four except for Widths 2, 6, and 11 is Solved: Drawn''. [[CG 2013]]
* [[Yoshiaki Yamaguchi]], [[Todd W. Neller]] ('''2015'''). ''First Player’s Cannot-Lose Strategy in Cylinder-Infinite-Connect-Four for Widths 2 and 6''. [[Advances in Computer Games 14]]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.programmer/FzbDjrCQlqQ/rJuEfQXhKEQJ AI program solves Connect Four] by [[Victor Allis]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.programmer]], October 16, 1988
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.programmer/VXrs-f19hMY/WsaG0WU5CakJ Connect-4] by Mark Kern, [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.programmer]], February 25, 1990
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=24560 mate detetion issue] by [[Mike Adams]], [[CCC]], October 24, 2008 » [[Checkmate]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=66443 Connect 4 AlphaZero implemented using Python...] by [[Steve Maughan]], [[CCC]], January 29, 2018 » [[AlphaZero]], [[Python]]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connect_Four Connect Four from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Connect_Four Connect Four - Wikibooks]
* [http://fabpedigree.com/james/connect4.htm Connect Four] by [[James D. Allen]]
* [http://tromp.github.io/c4/c4.html John's Connect Four Playground] by [[John Tromp]]
* [http://blog.gamesolver.org/ Solving Connect 4: how to build a perfect AI] by [[Pascal Pons]]
: [http://connect4.gamesolver.org/?pos= Connect Four Solver]
* [http://www.mastersgames.com/rules/captains-mistress-rules.htm The Rules of The Captain's Mistress]
* [http://web.mit.edu/sp.268/www/2010/connectFourSlides.pdf Connect Four - Slides] (pdf) [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], March 9, 2010
* [https://medium.com/applied-data-science/how-to-build-your-own-alphazero-ai-using-python-and-keras-7f664945c188 How to build your own AlphaZero AI using Python and Keras] by [https://www.linkedin.com/in/davidtfoster/ David Foster], January 26, 2018 » [[AlphaZero]], [[Python]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=66443 Connect 4 AlphaZero implemented using Python...] by [[Steve Maughan]], [[CCC]], January 29, 2018</ref>
* [http://www.hasbro.com/en-us/product/connect-4-game:80FB5BCA-5056-9047-F5F4-5EB5DF88DAF4 Connect 4 Game | Toys for Kids] from [http://www.hasbro.com/en-us/ Hasbro Official Website | Hasbro Toys]
* [http://www.numberphile.com/videos/connect4.html Connect Four - Numberphile] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brady_Haran Brady Haran], December 01, 2013, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDWPi1pZ0Po|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Games|Up one Level]]'''
