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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[People]] * Norbert Wiener'''
[[FILE:Norbert wiener.jpg|border|right|thumb| Norbert Wiener <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Wiener Norbert Wiener from Wikipedia], Image by [[Mathematician#KJacobs|Konrad Jacobs]], [https://opc.mfo.de/detail?photo_id=4520 Norbert Wiener - Oberwolfach Photo Collection]</ref> ]]
'''Norbert Wiener''', (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964)<br/>
was an American mathematician and founder of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics cybernetics]. From 1919 until 1960, Wiener was professor at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]]. In his [[Timeline#1948|1948]] book ''Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine'' <ref>Norbert Wiener ('''1948'''). ''[http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/026273009X/ref=sib_dp_pt#reader-link Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine]'' - MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.</ref>, he describes how a chess program could be developed using a depth-limited [[Minimax|minimax search]] with an [[evaluation]] function.
=Photos=
[[FILE:saz15Torresson.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|504px|link=http://nathanbauman.com/seoulhero/nfblog/?p=317]]
Gonzalo Torres y Quevedo demonstrates [[El Ajedrecista]]<br/>
to Norbert Wiener, Paris Cybernetic Congress 1951 <ref>[http://nathanbauman.com/seoulhero/nfblog/?p=317 A New Photograph of “El jugador ajedrecista,” the World’s First Chess Computer] by [http://nathanbauman.com/ Nathan Bauman], July 16th, 2006</ref>
<ref>[http://mindell.scripts.mit.edu/homepage/ David Mindell], [http://jerome-segal.de/acc-en.htm Jérôme Segal], [http://web.mit.edu/slava/homepage/ Slava Gerovitch] ('''2003'''). ''[https://www.infoamerica.org/documentos_word/shannon-wiener.htm Cybernetics and Information Theory in the United States, France and the Soviet Union]''. in [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Walker_(Wissenschaftshistoriker) Mark Walker] (ed.) ('''2003'''). ''[https://www.crcpress.com/Science-and-Ideology-A-Comparative-History/Walker/p/book/9780415279994 Science and Ideology: A Comparative History]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge Routledge] » [[Claude Shannon]], [[Norbert Wiener]], covers the 1951 Paris Cybernetic Congress</ref>
=Quotes=
Quote from ''Science in Rewiew: Cybernetics, a New Science'' <ref>[http://home.swipnet.se/allez/Eng/Wiener48.htm Science in Rewiew: Cybernetics, a New Science] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_L._Laurence William L. Laurence], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times New York Times], Sunday, December 19, 1948</ref>
Professor Wiener assures us that a mechanical chess player could be constructed that "might very well be as good a player as the vast majority of the human race." Since each mechanical brain provides the knowledge with which to build a better mechanical brain, it is conceivable that eventually we may build a better mechanical brain, it is conceivable that eventually we may build machines that will surpass the best human brains in thinking capacity, that may not only do all man's work for him but also solve such problems as the control of the atomic bomb and how to reconcile east and west. All that would be left for man to do would be to devise ways to stop the machine from destroying him.
Quote by Norbert Wiener from ''Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth'' <ref>[[Norbert Wiener]] ('''1953'''). ''[https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/ex-prodigy Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press MIT Press]</ref>
The Advantage is that mathematics is a field in which one's blunders tend to show very clearly and can be corrected or erased with a stroke of the pencil. It is a field which has often been compared with chess, but differs from the latter in that it is only one's best moments that count and not one's worst. A single inattention may lose a chess game, whereas a single successful approach to a problem, among many which have been relegated to the wastebasket, will make a mathematician's reputation.
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[https://dblp.org/pers/hd/w/Wiener:Norbert dblp: Norbert Wiener]</ref>
* [[Norbert Wiener]] ('''1913'''). ''[https://www.worldcat.org/title/comparison-between-the-treatment-of-algebra-of-relatives-by-schroeder-and-that-by-whitehead-and-russell/oclc/500505175 A Comparison Between the Treatment of the Algebra of Relatives by Schroeder and that by Whitehead and Russell]''. Ph.D. thesis, [[Harvard University]]
* [[Norbert Wiener]] ('''1948'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics:_Or_Control_and_Communication_in_the_Animal_and_the_Machine Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press MIT Press]
* [[Norbert Wiener]] ('''1950'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Human_Use_of_Human_Beings The Human Use of Human Beings]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt Houghton Mifflin],
* [[Norbert Wiener]] ('''1953'''). ''[https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/ex-prodigy Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press MIT Press]
* [[Norbert Wiener]] ('''1964'''). ''[https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/god-golem-inc God & Golem, Inc]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press MIT Press], [http://luisguillermo.com/diosygolem/God_and_Golem_Inc.pdf pdf reprint]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_S._Brown Gordon S. Brown], [[Norbert Wiener]] ('''1984'''). ''[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4640788 Automation, 1955: A Retrospective]''. [[IEEE#Annals|IEEE Annals of the History of Computing]], Vol. 6, No. 4
* [http://mindell.scripts.mit.edu/homepage/ David Mindell], [http://jerome-segal.de/acc-en.htm Jérôme Segal], [http://web.mit.edu/slava/homepage/ Slava Gerovitch] ('''2003'''). ''[https://www.infoamerica.org/documentos_word/shannon-wiener.htm Cybernetics and Information Theory in the United States, France and the Soviet Union]''. in [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Walker_(Wissenschaftshistoriker) Mark Walker] (ed.) ('''2003'''). ''[https://www.crcpress.com/Science-and-Ideology-A-Comparative-History/Walker/p/book/9780415279994 Science and Ideology: A Comparative History]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge Routledge] » [[Claude Shannon]], [[Norbert Wiener]], covers the 1951 Paris Cybernetic Congress
=See also=
* [[History|History of Computer Chess]].
* [[Leonardo Torres y Quevedo]]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Wiener Norbert Wiener from Wikipedia]
* [https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=25222 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Norbert Wiener]
* [https://opc.mfo.de/person_detail?id=4520 Details for Norbert Wiener - Oberwolfach Photo Collection]
* [http://project.cyberpunk.ru/idb/cybernetic_delirium.html The Cybernetic Delirium of Norbert Wiener] by [https://www.bc.edu/bc-web/schools/mcas/departments/sociology/people/faculty-directory/stephen-j-pfohl.html Stephen Pfohl]
* Norbert Wiener - Men, Machines, and the World About Them (1950), Norbert Wiener begins speaking around 13:30, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video (Audio)
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJWDJvbea0M|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Mathematician|Wiener]]
[[Category:Pioneer|Wiener]]
[[Category:Researcher|Wiener]]
[[Category:Videos|Wiener]]
[[FILE:Norbert wiener.jpg|border|right|thumb| Norbert Wiener <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Wiener Norbert Wiener from Wikipedia], Image by [[Mathematician#KJacobs|Konrad Jacobs]], [https://opc.mfo.de/detail?photo_id=4520 Norbert Wiener - Oberwolfach Photo Collection]</ref> ]]
'''Norbert Wiener''', (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964)<br/>
was an American mathematician and founder of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics cybernetics]. From 1919 until 1960, Wiener was professor at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]]. In his [[Timeline#1948|1948]] book ''Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine'' <ref>Norbert Wiener ('''1948'''). ''[http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/026273009X/ref=sib_dp_pt#reader-link Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine]'' - MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.</ref>, he describes how a chess program could be developed using a depth-limited [[Minimax|minimax search]] with an [[evaluation]] function.
=Photos=
[[FILE:saz15Torresson.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|504px|link=http://nathanbauman.com/seoulhero/nfblog/?p=317]]
Gonzalo Torres y Quevedo demonstrates [[El Ajedrecista]]<br/>
to Norbert Wiener, Paris Cybernetic Congress 1951 <ref>[http://nathanbauman.com/seoulhero/nfblog/?p=317 A New Photograph of “El jugador ajedrecista,” the World’s First Chess Computer] by [http://nathanbauman.com/ Nathan Bauman], July 16th, 2006</ref>
<ref>[http://mindell.scripts.mit.edu/homepage/ David Mindell], [http://jerome-segal.de/acc-en.htm Jérôme Segal], [http://web.mit.edu/slava/homepage/ Slava Gerovitch] ('''2003'''). ''[https://www.infoamerica.org/documentos_word/shannon-wiener.htm Cybernetics and Information Theory in the United States, France and the Soviet Union]''. in [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Walker_(Wissenschaftshistoriker) Mark Walker] (ed.) ('''2003'''). ''[https://www.crcpress.com/Science-and-Ideology-A-Comparative-History/Walker/p/book/9780415279994 Science and Ideology: A Comparative History]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge Routledge] » [[Claude Shannon]], [[Norbert Wiener]], covers the 1951 Paris Cybernetic Congress</ref>
=Quotes=
Quote from ''Science in Rewiew: Cybernetics, a New Science'' <ref>[http://home.swipnet.se/allez/Eng/Wiener48.htm Science in Rewiew: Cybernetics, a New Science] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_L._Laurence William L. Laurence], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times New York Times], Sunday, December 19, 1948</ref>
Professor Wiener assures us that a mechanical chess player could be constructed that "might very well be as good a player as the vast majority of the human race." Since each mechanical brain provides the knowledge with which to build a better mechanical brain, it is conceivable that eventually we may build a better mechanical brain, it is conceivable that eventually we may build machines that will surpass the best human brains in thinking capacity, that may not only do all man's work for him but also solve such problems as the control of the atomic bomb and how to reconcile east and west. All that would be left for man to do would be to devise ways to stop the machine from destroying him.
Quote by Norbert Wiener from ''Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth'' <ref>[[Norbert Wiener]] ('''1953'''). ''[https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/ex-prodigy Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press MIT Press]</ref>
The Advantage is that mathematics is a field in which one's blunders tend to show very clearly and can be corrected or erased with a stroke of the pencil. It is a field which has often been compared with chess, but differs from the latter in that it is only one's best moments that count and not one's worst. A single inattention may lose a chess game, whereas a single successful approach to a problem, among many which have been relegated to the wastebasket, will make a mathematician's reputation.
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[https://dblp.org/pers/hd/w/Wiener:Norbert dblp: Norbert Wiener]</ref>
* [[Norbert Wiener]] ('''1913'''). ''[https://www.worldcat.org/title/comparison-between-the-treatment-of-algebra-of-relatives-by-schroeder-and-that-by-whitehead-and-russell/oclc/500505175 A Comparison Between the Treatment of the Algebra of Relatives by Schroeder and that by Whitehead and Russell]''. Ph.D. thesis, [[Harvard University]]
* [[Norbert Wiener]] ('''1948'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics:_Or_Control_and_Communication_in_the_Animal_and_the_Machine Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press MIT Press]
* [[Norbert Wiener]] ('''1950'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Human_Use_of_Human_Beings The Human Use of Human Beings]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt Houghton Mifflin],
* [[Norbert Wiener]] ('''1953'''). ''[https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/ex-prodigy Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press MIT Press]
* [[Norbert Wiener]] ('''1964'''). ''[https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/god-golem-inc God & Golem, Inc]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press MIT Press], [http://luisguillermo.com/diosygolem/God_and_Golem_Inc.pdf pdf reprint]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_S._Brown Gordon S. Brown], [[Norbert Wiener]] ('''1984'''). ''[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4640788 Automation, 1955: A Retrospective]''. [[IEEE#Annals|IEEE Annals of the History of Computing]], Vol. 6, No. 4
* [http://mindell.scripts.mit.edu/homepage/ David Mindell], [http://jerome-segal.de/acc-en.htm Jérôme Segal], [http://web.mit.edu/slava/homepage/ Slava Gerovitch] ('''2003'''). ''[https://www.infoamerica.org/documentos_word/shannon-wiener.htm Cybernetics and Information Theory in the United States, France and the Soviet Union]''. in [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Walker_(Wissenschaftshistoriker) Mark Walker] (ed.) ('''2003'''). ''[https://www.crcpress.com/Science-and-Ideology-A-Comparative-History/Walker/p/book/9780415279994 Science and Ideology: A Comparative History]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge Routledge] » [[Claude Shannon]], [[Norbert Wiener]], covers the 1951 Paris Cybernetic Congress
=See also=
* [[History|History of Computer Chess]].
* [[Leonardo Torres y Quevedo]]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Wiener Norbert Wiener from Wikipedia]
* [https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=25222 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Norbert Wiener]
* [https://opc.mfo.de/person_detail?id=4520 Details for Norbert Wiener - Oberwolfach Photo Collection]
* [http://project.cyberpunk.ru/idb/cybernetic_delirium.html The Cybernetic Delirium of Norbert Wiener] by [https://www.bc.edu/bc-web/schools/mcas/departments/sociology/people/faculty-directory/stephen-j-pfohl.html Stephen Pfohl]
* Norbert Wiener - Men, Machines, and the World About Them (1950), Norbert Wiener begins speaking around 13:30, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video (Audio)
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJWDJvbea0M|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Mathematician|Wiener]]
[[Category:Pioneer|Wiener]]
[[Category:Researcher|Wiener]]
[[Category:Videos|Wiener]]
