Unix

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Unix, (UNIX) a multitasking, multi-user operating system developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna.

=Components= Unix consists of a Kernel, a Shell that provides a traditional command-line user interface as well as a scripting language, and Utility programs. Graphical user interfaces for Unix, such as GNOME, KDE, and Xfce based on the X Window System are called visual or graphical shells.

=Philosophy= The Unix philosophy was summarized by Doug McIlroy, the inventor of Unix pipes: ''Write programs that do one thing and do it well. Write programs to work together. Write programs to handle text streams, because that is a universal interface''. This paradigm was archetype of both primary Protocols in computer chess, to communicate with a GUI or game playing controllers and servers, the Chess Engine Communication Protocol, and UCI.

=Unix-Systems= Unix genealogy tree


 * AIX
 * Android
 * Berkeley Software Distribution
 * FreeBSD
 * OpenBSD


 * Darwin
 * GNU
 * Linux
 * Mac OS
 * MINIX
 * Solaris
 * SunOS
 * Tru64 UNIX
 * Digital UNIX


 * UNIX System V
 * Xenix

=Selected Publications=
 * Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie (1971). UNIX Programmer's Manual. Bell Telephone Laboratories, 5th Edition 1974 as pdf, 7th Edition 1979
 * Simson Garfinkel, Daniel Weise, and Steven Strassmann (eds.) (1994). The Unix-Haters Handbook. ISBN 1-56884-203-1.
 * Dennis Ritchie (2001). Ken, Unix, and Games, ICGA Journal, Vol. 24. No. 2
 * Eric S. Raymond (2003). The Art of Unix Programming. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-142901-7, Addison-Wesley
 * Hiroyuki Iida (2011). The 2011 Japan Prize Awarded to Unix Pioneers. ICGA Journal Vol. 34, No. 1

=Forum Posts=
 * Compiling for Unix by Pradu Kannan, Winboard Forum, May 08, 2007 » Buzz
 * Escape from the Unix Cosmic Background Radiation by Steven Edwards, CCC, September 23, 2014

=External Links=
 * Unix from Wikipedia
 * Unix architecture from Wikipedia
 * Unix-like from Wikipedia
 * Unix philosophy from Wikipedia
 * Single UNIX Specification from Wikipedia
 * Unix wars from Wikipedia
 * POSIX from Wikipedia
 * UNIX: Making Computers Easier To Use - AT&T Archives film from 1982, Bell Laboratories, YouTube Video

=References= Up one Level