Super Constellation

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Super Constellation (Nickname Super Connie), a dedicated chess computer with a 8-bit 6502 4Mhz CPU, 56 KB ROM and 4 KB RAM, manufactured and market in 1984 by Novag, running a program developed by primary author David Kittinger, supported by chess master Scott McDonald. It was the enhanced version of the Constellation and likely Novag's most successful computer, and famous for its entertaining, aggressive, speculative and "human like" playing style, often credited to its pre scan heuristics (PSH).

=Innovations= David Kittinger and Scott McDonald in their report on Constellation and Super Constellation playing the 1983 U.S. Open : The Novag Constellation programs represent a significant evolutionary step in the development of microcomputer chess programs. The program represents the first commercial implementation of the attack map / offset map move generating strategy proposed by former World Chess Champion Mikhail Botvinnik and subsequently refined by myself for faster move generation as pieces come off the board.

A second departure from other commercial programs has been the simplification of the evaluation function as applied to the end nodes of the tree search. The programs instead rely heavily on specific chess knowledge which is concentrated into a special preprocessor which interfaces to the tree search primarily through the scores associated with specific ply-one moves. This ides of a ply-one move preprocessor was originally implemented in the program Tech by James Gillogly in the late 1960's. Although Tech only achieved a high 1400 rating running on a large computer, the strategy has certain appeal. First, chess tree searching has become very efficient, and second, the interaction problems associated with putting ever increasing amounts of chess knowledge in the tree become formidable. It has become apparent to that this rather simple approach might contain the structure of a master level microcomputer program.

The 1981 performance rating achieved at the 1983 U.S. Open by the Novag Super Constellation 32K program running on a 3MHz 6502 supports my decision. ...

The Super Constellation was an early version of the soon to be announced commercial product.

=Tournament Play= Super Connie participated at the WMCCC 1983 in Budapest, and achieved the strong shared second to fourth place. During the Hong Kong human Blitz tournament March 1984, Super Constellation got 19/28 only playing Black, with 5 points versus International Masters in the 2355 to 2474 range, and was spontaneously called Blitz Monster, also competing at the WMCCC 1985 under that name.

=Selected Games=

Mephisto
WMCCC 1983, round 4, Mephisto Y - Super Constellation [Event "WMCCC 1983"] [Site "Budapest, Hungary"] [Date "1983.10.16"] [Round "4"] [White "Mephisto Y"] [Black "Super Constellation"] [Result "0-1"]

1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.Bc4 e5 4.O-O Nf6 5.Ng5 d5 6.exd5 Bf5 7.Nc3 Bd6 8.Bb5+ Nbd7 9.d3 O-O 10.f4 exf4 11.Bxf4 Bxf4 12.Rxf4 Bg6 13.Nge4 Qb6 14.Nxf6+ Nxf6 15.Rb1 a6 16.Bc4 Qd6 17.Qf3 b5 18.Bb3 Rad8 19.Re1 h6 20.a3 Nh5 21.Rh4 Qb6 22.Qe3 Nf6 23.Ne4 Rfe8 24.Nxf6+ Qxf6 25.Qxe8+ Rxe8 26.Rxe8+ Kh7 27.Rh3 Qxb2 28.Rhe3 a5 29.d6 Qa1+ 30.Kf2 Qf6+ 31.Rf3 Qd4+ 32.Kf1 c4 33.dxc4 bxc4 34.Ba4 Qxd6 35.h3 c3 36.Bb3 Qxa3 37.Ke1 Qc1+ 38.Kf2 Bxc2 39.Bxf7 Qd2+ 40.Kg1 Ba4 41.Bg8+ Kh8 42.Rc8 Bd7 43.Rcf8 Qd4+ 44.Rf2 h5 45.Bb3+ Kh7 46.Bc2+ Kh6 47.Kf1 Qe3 48.Re2 Bb5 49.Rh8+ Kg5 50.h4+ Kxh4 0-1

Elite
WMCCC 1983, round 6, Elite Auto Sensory - Super Constellation [Event "WMCCC 1983"] [Site "Budapest, Hungary"] [Date "1983.10.18"] [Round "6"] [White "Elite Auto Sensory"] [Black "Super Constellation"] [Result "1/2-1/2"]

1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 g6 4.O-O Bg7 5.c3 a6 6.Bxc6 dxc6 7.d4 Nf6 8.Re1 cxd4 9.cxd4 Bg4 10.Nc3 O-O 11.Be3 Ne8 12.e5 Qb6 13.Rb1 Nc7 14.d5 Qb4 15.dxc6 Rad8 16.Bd2 Ne6 17.Ne4 Qb6 18.h3 Bxf3 19.Qxf3 Qxc6 20.Ba5 Rd5 21.Bb4 Nd4 22.Qc3 Bxe5 23.Bxe7 Ne2+ 24.Rxe2 Bxc3 25.Nxc3 Rc8 26.Nxd5 Qxd5 27.b3 Qd3 28.Ree1 Qd2 29.a3 Kg7 30.Rbd1 Qb2 31.Rb1 Qa2 32.a4 Rc6 33.Bg5 Rc3 34.Be3 Rd3 35.Bb6 h6 36.a5 Rxb3 37.Rbd1 g5 38.Re7 Rb1 39.Rxb1 Qxb1+ 40.Kh2 h5 41.Rxb7 Qe4 42.Ra7 Qc4 43.Kg1 Kf6 44.Rc7 Qe2 45.Kh2 Qe4 46.Ra7 Qc4 47.Kg1 Ke6 48.Rc7 Qe4 49.Ra7 Qe1+ 50.Kh2 Qe5+ 51.Kg1 Qe2 52.Ra8 Kd6 53.Rd8+ Ke7 54.Rd5 f6 55.Be3 Ke6 56.Rd2 Qe1+ 57.Kh2 Qa1 58.Bb6 Qe5+ 59.g3 Qe4 60.Rd8 Qb7 61.Rh8 Qf3 62.Be3 Kd6 63.Rb8 Ke5 64.Rb6 Qe2 65.Rb4 Qa2 66.Bb6 Qe2 67.Kg2 Ke6 68.Ba7 Qe5 69.Bb6 Qd5+ 70.Kh2 Qd3 71.Kg2 Qd6 72.Rb2 Qd3 73.Rb4 Qd7 74.Rb2 Qd1 75.f3 Ke5 76.Bf2 g4 77.hxg4 hxg4 78.f4+ Kf5 79.Bb6 Qf3+ 80.Kh2 Qf1 81.Rg2 Ke4 82.Bg1 Kd3 83.Bc5 Ke4 84.Bg1 Kf5 85.Bb6 Kg6 86.Bd4 Kf5 87.Bb6 1/2-1/2 =See also=
 * Blitz Monster
 * Constellation
 * Novag Expert

=Publications=
 * David Kittinger, Scott McDonald (1984). Report from the U.S. Open. Computer Chess Digest Annual 1984, pp. 15-33
 * Tim Breitkreutz, Jonathan Schaeffer (1984). Computer vs Computer via Computer. ICCA Journal, Vol. 7, No. 4, reprinted in Computer Chess Reports 1985, Vol. 3, No. 2
 * David E. Welsh (1984). Super Constellation: It's Time for Skeptics to Take a Second Look at Chess Computers. Chess Life November 1984
 * Danny Kopec (1985). Chess Computers - A critical descriptive Analysis of the currently available commercial Chess Computers. Abacus Vol. 2 No. 4, Editor-shortened version as pdf, pdf » Elite
 * Jens Bæk Nielsen (1988). Warum S e2? - Experimente mit dem Super C. Modul, 1988, part 1, part 2, part 3 (German), revised and translated from PLY 1/86
 * Novag - Super Constellation - various articles pdf by Hein Veldhuis

=Forum Posts=
 * Novag Super Constellation strength by Peter Dawes, rgc, January 09, 1993
 * Novag Super Constellation (very old chess computer) by John Coffey, CCC, September 18, 1998
 * Resurrecting the Super Constellation by Steven Edwards, CCC, July 07, 2013
 * Playing Super Constellation by Fernando Villegas, CCC, July 16, 2013
 * Novag Super Constellation - Version B, by dedicate computers, Hiarcs Forum, September 20, 2016

=External Links=
 * Super Constellation's ICGA Tournaments
 * Blitz Monster's ICGA Tournaments
 * Novag Super Constellation from Adam's Computer Chess Pages, June 18, 2012
 * Novag Super Constellation from Schachcomputer.info - Wiki (German)

=References=

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