CrazyAra

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CrazyAra, (ClassicAra, MultiAra) a family of UCI compatible chess variant open source engines licensed under the GPL v3.0. CrazyAra started as a semester project by Johannes Czech, Moritz Willig and Alena Beyer for the course Deep Learning: Methods and Architectures at the TU Darmstadt in summer 2018, headed by Kristian Kersting and Johannes Fürnkranz. The project was inspired by the deep learning and MCTS techniques described in DeepMind's AlphaZero papers , the goal to train a deep convolutional neural network to play Crazyhouse trained by supervised learning on human data - the initial version of CrazyAra entirely written in Python. In December 2018, CrazyAra won a five game Crazyhouse online-match versus Justin Tan aka JannLee with 4-1 .

=Continuation= As subject of his master thesis , Johannes Czech continued the development in porting the engine to C++ and to further apply reinforcement learning to Crazyhouse and other chess variants including Chess960. While the initial version uses Python-chess by Niklas Fiekas, the C++ version uses a multi variant Stockfish fork by Daniel Dugovic for move generation, board representation and Syzygy parsing. To feature more chess variants, more recently Fairy-Stockfish by Fabian Fichter was incorporated , as for instance used in Maximilian Langer's Xiangqi version of CrazyAra.

=Network= CrazyAra uses MXNet as it's deep learning framework - with three NN back-ends to run the NN inference available, Nvidia's TensorRT built on CUDA (GPU only), MXNet and Torch. The input representation is a hybrid between chess and Shogi and compared to the AlphaZero description avoids the history of past board representations. In CrazyAra v0.2.0 a newly designed architecture was used which is called RISE (ResneXt, Inception, Squeeze, Excitation). The model uses mixed depth-wise convolutional kernels, efficient squeeze excitation modules, use of 5x5 convolutions in deeper layers, and hard sigmoid instead of sigmoid activation functions. The proposed model architecture has fewer parameters, faster inference and training time while maintaining an equal amount of depth compared to the architecture proposed by DeepMind (19 residual layers with 256 filters). Similar to AlphaZero, the output is represented by a value and policy head, the latter implemented as vector of moves.

=Monte-Carlo Graph Search= CrazyAra optionally features an improvement of AlphaZero's MCTS / PUCT algorithm, considering transpositions - dubbed Monte-Carlo Graph Search based on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) instead of a tree structure.

=ClassicAra= ClassicAra is a version of CrazyAra to play classical chess as well as Chess960. ClassicAra had its tournament debut as TCEC Season 21 in Spring 2021, not yet improved by reinforcement learning.

=MultiAra= MultiAra, released in August 2021, is a version of the Ara project which supports all chess variants available on Lichess.

=See also=
 * AlphaZero
 * Crazyhouse
 * Deep Learning
 * Leela Chess Zero
 * Monte-Carlo Tree Search
 * Parrot
 * Reinforcement Learning
 * Supervised Learning

=Publications=
 * Johannes Czech (2019). Deep Reinforcement Learning for Crazyhouse. Master thesis, TU Darmstadt, pdf
 * Johannes Czech, Moritz Willig, Alena Beyer, Kristian Kersting, Johannes Fürnkranz (2019). Learning to play the Chess Variant Crazyhouse above World Champion Level with Deep Neural Networks and Human Data. arXiv:1908.06660
 * Johannes Czech, Moritz Willig, Alena Beyer, Kristian Kersting, Johannes Fürnkranz (2020). Learning to Play the Chess Variant Crazyhouse Above World Champion Level With Deep Neural Networks and Human Data. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
 * Johannes Czech, Patrick Korus, Kristian Kersting (2020). Monte-Carlo Graph Search for AlphaZero. arXiv:2012.11045
 * Johannes Czech, Patrick Korus, Kristian Kersting (2021). Improving AlphaZero Using Monte-Carlo Graph Search. Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling, Vol. 31, pdf
 * Maximilian Langer (2021). Evaluation of Monte-Carlo Tree Search for Xiangqi. B.Sc. thesis, TU Darmstadt, pdf » Xiangqi
 * Maximilian Alexander Gehrke (2021). Assessing Popular Chess Variants Using Deep Reinforcement Learning. Master thesis, TU Darmstadt, pdf

=Forum Posts=
 * CrazyAra Crazyhouse UCI running on WinBoard 4.8.0? by Norbert Raimund Leisner, CCC, May 30, 2019
 * Re: New engine releases 2019 by Graham Banks, CCC, August 21, 2019
 * Re: New engine releases & news 2021 by Günther Simon, CCC, April 05, 2021
 * ClassicAra Chess Engine..World Record Download!! by supersharp77, CCC, April 06, 2021
 * Re: ClassicAra Chess Engine..World Record Download!! by Johannes Czech, CCC, May 20, 2021
 * Re: ClassicAra Chess Engine..World Record Download!! by Johannes Czech, CCC, May 25, 2021


 * Has CrazyAra really improved because of MTGS ? by George Pichard, CCC, July 08, 2021
 * CrazyAra, ClassicAra, MultiAra 0.9.5 release by Johannes Czech, August 26, 2021

=External Links=

Chess Engine

 * CrazyAra - Crazyhouse Chess Engine
 * Rise of light - CrazyAra - Chess Engine

GitHub

 * GitHub - QueensGambit/CrazyAra: A Deep Learning UCI-Chess Variant Engine written in C++ & Python
 * Home · QueensGambit/CrazyAra Wiki · GitHub
 * GitHub - QueensGambit/CrazyAra-Engine: CrazyAra - A Deep Learning UCI-Chess Variant Engine written in C++

Reports

 * Crazyhouse Chess: CrazyAra plays JannLee for Christmas, December 26, 2018
 * Student Bot beats Crazyhouse World Champion, TU Darmstadt
 * Schachmatt durch „CrazyAra“ – Informatik – Technische Universität Darmstadt, February 19, 2019 (German)
 * Schachmatt durch CrazyAra: Künstliche Intelligenz schlägt mehrfachen Weltmeister im Einsetzschach by Kristian Kersting, Informationsdienst Wissenschaft, February 19, 2019 (German)
 * Darmstädter Studenten entwickeln Schach-Bot by Karin Walz, Echo, April 02, 2019 (German)

Misc

 * Ara (bird) from Wikipedia
 * Ara from Wikipedia
 * Weather Report - Birdland, The Midnight Special, April 1977, YouTube Video
 * lineup: Joe Zawinul, Wayne Shorter, Jaco Pastorius, Alex Acuña, Manolo Badrena

=References= Up one Level