Opening

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 * Samuel Bak - Various Openings

The Opening is the first game phase from the initial starting position with the aim to develop the minor pieces, to control the center and depending on the center pawn structure, to prepare or achieve a safe square for the king, most likely by castling.

Some programs apply special knowledge in their evaluation for this early game stage, most notably to encourage all minor pieces to develop, to prepare castling options, and to penalize too early queen development, which either hinders own minor pieces, or to become target of opponent attacks with the consequence to eventually lose some tempo.

=See also=
 * Book Learning
 * Center Control
 * Development
 * Endgame
 * Middlegame
 * Opening Book
 * Opening Suites
 * Tempo

=Publications=
 * John Nunn, Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher (1999). Nunn's Chess Openings. Cadogan Chess Books
 * Mark Levene, Judit Bar-Ilan (2006). Comparing Typical Opening Move Choices Made by Humans and Chess Engines. arXiv:cs/0610060
 * Mark Levene, Judit Bar-Ilan (2007). Comparing Typical Opening Move Choices Made by Humans and Chess Engines. The Computer Journal, Vol. 50, No. 5
 * Larry Kaufman (2012). The Kaufman Repertoire for Black and White. New In Chess

=Forum Posts=

1990 ...

 * Patzer openings by Ilan Vardi, rgc, September 02, 1990

2000 ...

 * Nunn openings by Jouni Uski, CCC, November 07, 2005 » Opening Suites
 * Nunn2 openings by Kurt Utzinger, CCC, November 07, 2005

2010 ...

 * First move advantage by Lyudmil Tsvetkov, CCC, June 19, 2013 » Tempo
 * You are KIDding me by Lyudmil Tsvetkov, CCC, December 28, 2013
 * A bizarre evaluation by Larry Kaufman, CCC, March 20, 2016
 * Computer Chess Openings: Modern defense by Henk van den Belt, CCC, April 19, 2016
 * Opening performance of engines by Kai Laskos, CCC, October 28, 2016 » Test-Positions
 * King Indian like and usefulness of engines by Daniel José Queraltó, CCC, November 03, 2016
 * Low impact of opening phase in engine play? by Kai Laskos, CCC, April 18, 2017 » Playing Strength
 * Opening testing suites efficiency by Kai Laskos, CCC, June 21, 2017 » Engine Testing, Match Statistics

2020 ...

 * Hyatt 4000 openings by Mathieu Pagé, CCC, January 21, 2020 » Hyatt 4000 openings

=External Links=
 * Chess opening from Wikipedia
 * School of chess from Wikipedia
 * Hypermodernism (chess) from Wikipedia


 * Chess/Basic Openings from Wikibooks
 * First-move advantage in chess from Wikipedia
 * Philip Catherine - The Beginning, Nineteen Seventy Fourths, September-Man (1975), YouTube Video
 * feat. John Lee, Gerry Brown, Jasper van 't Hof, Charlie Mariano, Palle Mikkelborg, producer Marc Moulin

=References=

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