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An interesting field related to Artificial Intelligence, which still arouse public media interest, are autonomous chess playing Robots, as recently designed by Konstantin Kosteniuk in Russia. The robot will represent Russia at the first ever International Robot Blitz Chess Championship announced to take place in 2011.

Robots are mechanical intelligent agents, and may interact like an human chess player, recognizing the moves either by incorporating a sensory board, or more sophisticated by computer vision and real-time video image processing, and moving pieces with a mechatronical actuator and end effector.

=Dedicated Chess Robots=
 * Boris Handroid
 * El Ajedrecista
 * Fidelity Phantom
 * Milton Bradley Phantom
 * Novag 2Robot
 * Raspberry Turk
 * Robot Adversary
 * Square Off

=Publications=

1900 ...

 * Ambrose Bierce (1909). Moxon's Master. reprinted in Groff Conklin (ed.) (1954). Science Fiction Thinking Machines. Vanguard Press

1910 ...

 * Henri Vigneron (1914). Les Automates in La Nature, pdf from cyberneticzoo.com, Translation by David Levy as Robots in David Levy, Monroe Newborn (1982). All About Chess and Computers. Springer, pp. 14-23, also in David Levy (ed.) (1988). Computer Chess Compendium, pp. 273-278. » El Ajedrecista

1960 ...

 * Heinrich A. Ernst (1962). MH-I, A Computer-Operated Mechanical Hand. Dissertation, MIT, advisor Claude Shannon, pdf hosted by The Computer History Museum
 * L. Stephen Coles (1969). Talking with a Robot in English. 1. IJCAI 1969, pdf

1970 ...

 * Michael H. Smith, L. Stephen Coles (1973). Design of a Low Cost, General Purpose Robot. 3. IJCAI, Stanford, California, pdf

1980 ...

 * Alan H. Bond, David H. Mott (1981). Learning of Sensory-Motor Schemas in a Mobile Robot. IJCAI 1981, pdf
 * John K. Dixon, Susan A. Bouchard, William G. Kennedy, James R. Slagle (1981). MARK I Robot. IJCAI'1981, pdf

2000 ...

 * Dean F. Hougen, Maria Gini, James R. Slagle (2000). An Integrated Connectionist Approach to Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Control. ICML '00 Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Machine Learning
 * Michael Thielscher (2000). Representing the Knowledge of a Robot. KR 2000, CiteSeerX
 * Timothée Cour, Rémy Lauranson, Matthieu Vachette (2002). Autonomous Chess-playing Robot. École Polytechnique, pdf, pdf
 * David Urting, Yolande Berbers (2003). MarineBlue: A Low-Cost Chess Robot. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, RA 2003. pdf
 * Michael Bowling, Manuela M. Veloso (2003). Simultaneous Adversarial Multi-Robot Learning. IJCAI 2003
 * Kevin Warwick (2004). March of the Machines: The Breakthrough in Artificial Intelligence. University of Illinois Press
 * Kevin Warwick (2004). I, Cyborg. University of Illinois Press
 * Toma Roncevic, Vlasta Zanchi (2004). Following outlines by Robotic Retinal Eye Movements. 3rd DAAAM International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Developing Countries, Split, Croatia

2005 ...

 * Stewart Gracie, Jonathan Matthey, David Rankin, Konstantinos Topoglidis (2005). Lego Chess Robot. University of Glasgow, pdf
 * David Levy (2005). Robots Unlimited: Life in a Virtual Age AK Peters ISBN: 978-1-56881-239-7
 * David Levy (2007). Love and Sex With Robots: The Evolution of Human-Robot Relationships Harper Collins ISBN: 978-0-06156-212-9, at amazon.com
 * Chua Huiyan, Le Vinh, Wong Lai Kuan (2007). Chess Vision. School of Computing, National University of Singapore, slides as pdf
 * Guofeng Tong, Ying Qu, Tong Cheng (2009). Human-computer interactive gaming system - a chinese chess robot. IROS 2009, pp. 984-987

2010 ...

 * Neil Dantam, Pushkar Kolhe, Mike Stilman (2011). The Motion Grammar for Physical Human-Robot Games. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, May 2010, pdf
 * Cynthia Matuszek, Brian Mayton, Roberto Aimi, Marc Peter Deisenroth, Liefeng Bo, Robert Chu, Mike Kung, Louis LeGrand, Joshua R. Smith, Dieter Fox (2011). Gambit: A Robust Chess-Playing Robotic System. Proc. of ICRA 2011, pdf
 * Guofeng Tong, Ran Liu, Jindong Tan (2011). 3D Information retrieval in Mobile Robot Vision based on spherical compound eye. ROBIO 2011
 * Larry Greenemeier (2011). Robots Arrive at Fukushima Nuclear Site with Unclear Mission. Scientific American, March 24, 2011
 * Nandan Banerjee, Debal Saha, Atikant Singh, Gautam Sanyal (2011). A Simple Autonomous Robotic Manipulator for Playing Chess Against any Opponent in Real Time. pdf
 * Jr-Hung Guo, Kuo-Lan Su, Sheng-Ven Shiau (2011). Path Searching Algorithms of Multiple Robot System Applying in Chinese Chess Game. Recent Advances in Mobile Robotics, Dr. Andon Topalov (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-909-7, pdf » Chinese Chess

2015 ...

 * Michael Hartisch, Ingo Althöfer (2015). Optimal Robot Play in Certain Chess Endgame Situations. ICGA Journal, Vol. 38, No. 3 » Retrograde Analysis
 * Shixiang Gu, Ethan Holly, Timothy Lillicrap, Sergey Levine (2016). Deep Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Manipulation with Asynchronous Off-Policy Updates. arXiv:1610.00633

=Forum Posts=
 * On Robots by Steve Blincoe, CCC, October 19, 2008
 * Making a Chess Playing Robot by I_am_learning, Winboard Forum, May 19, 2011
 * New robotic arm offering by Steven Edwards, Hiarcs Forum, January 23, 2014
 * Chess-playing lego robot by Peter Österlund, CCC, January 30, 2014 » Nona, the Chess-Playing Lego Robot
 * A new Robot? by dedicate computers, Hiarcs Forum, October 13, 2016 » Square Off
 * Re: A new Robot? by Scally, Hiarcs Forum, August 01, 2017


 * My chess robot project using Micromax chess on Arduino by Chris Quayle, CCC, August 06, 2017 » C.R.A.P - Arduino Due Chess Robot
 * Received my Square Off board today by Alain Zanchetta, Hiarcs Forum, February 04, 2018 » Square Off

=External Links=
 * Robotics from Wikipedia
 * Category:Robotics - Scholarpedia
 * Robot from Wikipedia
 * History of robots from Wikipedia
 * List of fictional robots and androids from Wikipedia
 * Robot (disambiguation) from Wikipedia
 * Actroid from Wikipedia
 * Android (robot) from Wikipedia
 * Cyborg from Wikipedia
 * Gynoid from Wikipedia
 * Humanoid robot from Wikipedia
 * Industrial robot from Wikipedia
 * Robot fetishism from Wikipedia


 * Robot Games for Education in Robotic by David B. Weller
 * Robotics from Wikibooks
 * Animatronics from Wikipedia
 * Learning Robots/ Robot Learning by Jürgen Schmidhuber
 * Robots vs People – Striking 3D Perspective
 * 22 of the Most Striking 3D Robots Ever!
 * The Most Striking 3D Robots Ever – Part 2
 * Surveyor SRV-1 Open Source Mobile Robot
 * Robot Magazine - The latest hobby, science and consumer robotics, artificial intelligence
 * Robot Technology
 * World Chess Blitz Championship among Chess Robots - ChessKA versus KUKA Monster from chessblog.com - Alexandra Kosteniuk's Chess Blog, May 2012
 * Robot Blitz Chess! CHESSka vs. KUKA Monster - Game One by Steve Lopez, Chess King, May 25, 2012

Control

 * Mechatronics
 * Actuator
 * Robot end effector

Sensor

 * Sensor
 * Machine vision
 * Computer vision

Robots in SF

 * Rossum's Universal Robots R.U.R. by Karel Čapek
 * Maschinenmensch from Metropolis by Fritz Lang
 * I, Robot by Isaac Asimov
 * Gort from The Day the Earth Stood Still
 * K-9 from Doctor Who
 * C-3PO and R2-D2 from Star Wars
 * Data from Star Trek: The Next Generation
 * Terminator (character concept)

Chess Playing Robots

 * Flickr - Fotosharing | Robots by Chewbanta
 * Schachroboter from Kurt´s Schachcomputer Homepage by Kurt Kispert (German)
 * Schachcomputer | elpeon.com - Alle Schachroboter (German)
 * The Turk from Wikipedia
 * Chess Playing Robot by Ebrahim Jahandar
 * Chess Playing Robot V2, Let's Make Robots!
 * Chess Robot V2.0


 * MCU CHESS
 * Russian presidential aide to play chess with robot, Sports, RIA Novosti, June 08, 2010
 * World’s first chess-playing robot defeats its creator from RIA Novosti


 * Chess grand masters outsmart robot from The Voice of Russia, June 10, 2010
 * Voice controlled chess robot by Mike Szczys, Hackaday, May 09, 2013
 * Lonely? Build Yourself a Chess Robot! by Will Sweatman, Hackaday, March 15, 2015
 * 1-st game Robot World Chess Match "Kuka - Chesska" by Eugene Potemkin, May 19, 2012, YouTube Video


 * Nona, the Chess-Playing Lego Robot | Flickr - Fotosharing! by Linus Andersson
 * using Peter Österlund's chess engine CuckooChess and Bartosz Firyn's webcam capture code for motion detection and image grabbing
 * Nona, the Chess-Playing Lego Robot, YouTube Video


 * Деревянный робот, который умеет играть в шахматы - ChessBot - wooden chess-playing robot by Alexandrov Yegor, April 6, 2016, YouTube Video


 * Square Off - World’s Smartest Chess Board | Indiegogo  » Square Off
 * World's smartest chess board is here! by Sagar Shah, ChessBase News, October 13, 2016


 * Raspberry Turk by Joey Meyer, YouTube Video » Raspberry Turk


 * Arduino Due Chess Robot by Chris Quayle » Arduino, Micro-Max
 * Chess Robot Full Video, YouTube Video

=References=

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