Doubled Pawn

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A Pawn is doubled (or, sad to say, tripled) if there are more pawns of the same color on a given file. Early programs and papers advocated evaluation it as half a pawn, today the penalty uses to be less severe.

It might be argued that, given a perfect pawn structure evaluation, a term such as doubled pawns would not be needed, since they usually introduce another pawn structure weaknesses: some kind of backwardness, lack of a candidate passer that otherwise would be there etc. However, most evaluation functions do not go into such details as to justify removing this term.

=Types of Doubled Pawns= =Crippled Majority=

=All About Doubled Pawns= The vast amount of detailed knowledge about doubled pawns, which rarely gets implemented, can be found in the article All About Doubled Pawns by Larry Kaufman.

=See also=
 * Double and Triple (Bitboards)
 * Isolated Pawn
 * Pawn Islands
 * Pawn Majority

=Publications=
 * Larry Kaufman (2005). All About Doubled Pawns. (first published in Chess Life, May 2005, p.22)

=Forum Posts=
 * Doubled and Backward Pawn Engine "Definitions" by Brian Richardson, CCC, September 07, 2009
 * passed but doubled pawns by Jon Dart, CCC, June 15, 2015 » Passed Pawn
 * Doubled pawns by Stefano Gemma, CCC, May 11, 2016

=External Links=
 * Doubled Pawn from Wikipedia
 * All About Doubled Pawns by IM Larry Kaufman

=References=

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