Garry Kasparov

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Garry Kasparov, (born April 13, 1963) a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer, and political activist. In the computer chess world, he is most famous to lose the match versus Deep Blue in 1997, stylized as one of the ultimate goals of computer chess by the computer chess and AI establishment, and publicised as humanity's defeat against the machine.

=Brief Chess Career= Garry Kasparov became World Chess Champion after defeating Anatoly Karpov at the 1985 championship seven months after the controversial finish of the 1984 championship. He defended his title versus Karpov three times, 1986, 1987 and 1990. In 1993, a dispute with FIDE led Kasparov to set up the Professional Chess Association (PCA), yielding in a split title. Garry Kasparov played Nigel Short in the PCA match, and Jan Timman played Anatoly Karpov in the FIDE match, won by Kasparov and Karpov respectively. Kasparov defended the PCA title in 1995 versus Viswanathan Anand, and finally lost in 2000 versus Vladimir Kramnik. Garry Kasparov continued winning tournaments and was the world's highest-rated player when he retired from professional chess in 2005.

=Computer Chess= Garry Kasparov pioneered in using chess databases and engines for preparation - his further computer chess relations was due to product endorsement and licensees, as opening book author, and of course due to his man versus machine matches.

SciSys Endorsement
In 1983 Garry Kasparov started his cooperation with SciSys by Eric Winkler, in 1987 renamed to Saitek. Kasparov became additional brand name of SciSys and Saitek chess computers, the first one was the Kasparov Turbostar with a Heuristic Software program by Julio Kaplan and Craig Barnes. Kasparov was also engaged as opening book author. The Kasparov Selected Openings, a 8 KiB ROM module featured many of Garry Kasparov’s favorite opening lines and contain an additional program which allows it to recognize transpositions. It did not arrive until early 1985. Beside others, further notable Kasparov branded chess computer modules were Kasparov Brute Force with a Frans Morsch program, and Kasparov Sparc, the final program by Kathe and Dan Spracklen.

ChessBase
Garry Kasparov was early initiator, tester, and promoter of ChessBase. He pioneered the use of databases and software engines for opening preparation and for checking his ideas.

Kasparov Licensees
Various commercial chess programs were Kasparov licensees , notably Kasparov's Gambit with a Don Dailey and Larry Kaufman program in 1993, Virtual Kasparov (2001) based on a chess engine by Marc-François Baudot and Jean-Christophe Weill, and Kasparov Chessmate (2003) based on the Ruffian engine by Perola Valfridsson.

Matches

 * Kasparov Simul vs 32 Micros Hamburg 1985
 * Kasparov versus Deep Thought 1989
 * Kasparov versus Chess Genius 1994
 * Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1996
 * Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997
 * Kasparov versus Deep Junior 2003
 * Kasparov versus X3D Fritz 2003

Workshops

 * Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop
 * Man vs Machine Symposium

=See also=
 * Saitek (SciSys)
 * Kasparov Turbostar
 * Kasparov Brute Force
 * Kasparov Renaissance
 * Kasparov Sparc
 * Kasparov Licensees
 * Kasparov's Gambit
 * Virtual Kasparov
 * Kasparov Chessmate
 * Kasparov versus Turing

=Selected Publications=

1980 ...

 * Garry Kasparov, Raymond Keene (1982). Batsford Chess Openings. David & Charles, amazon
 * Garry Kasparov (1985). World Chess Championship Match: Moscow, 1985. Pergamon Russian Chess
 * Garry Kasparov (1986). Garry Kasparov: New World Chess Champion. Pergamon Press, amazon
 * Garry Kasparov, Donald Trelford (1987). Child of Change. Hutchinson
 * Garry Kasparov, Raymond Keene (1997). Batsford Chess Openings. 2nd edition, Batsford, amazon

2000 ...

 * Garry Kasparov, Daniel King (2000).  Kasparov Against the World: The Story of the Greatest Online Challenge. KasparovChess Online
 * Garry Kasparov (2003). My Great Predecessors Part I. Everyman Chess
 * Garry Kasparov (2003). My Great Predecessors Part II. Everyman Chess
 * Garry Kasparov (2004). My Great Predecessors Part III. Everyman Chess
 * Garry Kasparov (2004). My Great Predecessors Part IV. Everyman Chess
 * Garry Kasparov (2006). My Great Predecessors Part V. Everyman Chess
 * Garry Kasparov (2007). Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part I: Revolution in the 70s. Everyman Chess
 * Garry Kasparov (2008). Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part II: Kasparov vs Karpov 1975–1985. Everyman Chess
 * Garry Kasparov (2009). Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part III: Kasparov vs Karpov 1986–1987. Everyman Chess

2010 ...

 * Garry Kasparov (2010). Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part IV: Kasparov vs Karpov 1988–2009. Everyman Chess
 * Garry Kasparov (2011). Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov, Part I. Everyman Chess
 * Garry Kasparov (2013). Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov, Part II. Everyman Chess
 * Garry Kasparov (2014). Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov, Part III. Everyman Chess
 * Garry Kasparov (2015). Winter Is Coming. PublicAffairs
 * Garry Kasparov, Mig Greengard (2017). Deep Thinking. PublicAffairs
 * Garry Kasparov (2017). Don’t Fear Intelligent Machines: Work with Them. ICGA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 2
 * Garry Kasparov (2018). Chess, a Drosophila of reasoning. Science, Vol. 362, No. 6419
 * Garry Kasparov, Frederic Friedel (2018). Reconstructing Turing’s “paper machine”. ICGA Journal, Vol. 40, No. 2 » Turochamp

1986

 * David Levy (1986). When will Brute Force Programs beat Kasparov? ICCA Journal, Vol. 9, No. 2

1990 ...

 * David Levy (1990). How Will Chess Programs Beat Kasparov? Computers, Chess, and Cognition
 * Lewis Stiller (1991). Karpov and Kasparov: The End is Perfection. ICCA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 4
 * David Levy (1994). Straight on to Kasparov. ICCA Journal, Vol. 17, No. 2
 * Frederic Friedel (1994). Pentium Genius Beats Kasparov: A Report on the Intel Speed Chess Grand Prix in London. ICCA Journal, Vol. 17, No. 3

1996

 * Jos Uiterwijk (1996). The Kasparov - Deep Blue Match. ICCA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1
 * Yasser Seirawan (1996). The Kasparov - Deep Blue Games. ICCA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1
 * Hans Berliner (1996). Why did Kasparov Blink? ICCA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 2
 * Toshinori Munakata (1996). Thoughts on Deep Blue vs. Kasparov. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 39, No. 7, pdf

1997

 * Monroe Newborn (1997). Kasparov versus Deep Blue: Computer Chess Comes of Age. Springer
 * Daniel King (1997). Kasparov VS. Deeper Blue: The Ultimate Man VS. Machine Challenge. Batsford
 * Yasser Seirawan, Herbert Simon, Toshinori Munakata (1997). The Implications of Kasparov vs. Deep Blue. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 40, No. 8, pdf hosted by The Computer History Museum
 * Jonathan Schaeffer, Aske Plaat (1997). Kasparov versus Deep Blue: The Rematch. ICCA Journal, Vol. 20, No. 2
 * Eric Hallsworth (1997). Deep[er] Blue2 vs Gary Kasparov - IBM Challenge - the Re-Match. Selective Search 70, pp. 19, pdf hosted by Mike Watters
 * Robert Morris (ed.) (1997). Deep Blue Versus Kasparov: The Significance for Artificial Intelligence. Technical Report WS-97-04, AAAI Press » Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop

1998 ...

 * Frederic Friedel (1998). Advanced Chess by Kasparov and Topalov. ICCA Journal, Vol. 21, No. 2
 * Eugene Nalimov, Christoph Wirth, Guy Haworth (1999). KQQKQQ and the Kasparov-World Game. ICCA Journal, Vol. 22, No. 4
 * P. Marko, Guy Haworth (1999). The Kasparov-World Match. ICCA Journal, Vol. 22, No. 4

2000 ...

 * Peter Karrer (2000). KQQKQP and KQPKQP≈. ICGA Journal, Vol. 23, No. 2
 * Guy Haworth (2000). The Kasparov-World Game. EG, Vol. 9, pp. 107-111
 * Feng-hsiung Hsu (2002). Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion. Princeton University Press
 * David Levy (2003). The State of the Art in Man vs. “Machine” Chess. ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1 » PV Extensions
 * Karsten Müller (2003). Man Equals Machine in Chess. ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1
 * Jonathan Schaeffer (2003). The First FIDE Man-Machine World Chess Championship. pdf
 * David Levy (2003). Kasparov vs X3D Fritz. ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 4
 * Frederic Friedel (2004). Schachmatt in Virtual Reality. Computerschach und Spiele Online, Probeausgabe (German)

2010 ...

 * Guy Haworth (2013). Turing, Kasparov and the Future. ICGA Journal, Vol. 36, No. 1 » Alan Turing, Turochamp

=External Links=
 * Home | Kasparov
 * Garry Kasparov from Wikipedia
 * The chess games of Garry Kasparov, chessgames.com
 * LiA Kasparov - Visionamento, January 2020, YouTube Video

World Championship

 * World Chess Championship 1984 from Wikipedia
 * World Chess Championship 1985 from Wikipedia
 * World Chess Championship 1986 from Wikipedia
 * World Chess Championship 1987 from Wikipedia
 * World Chess Championship 1990 from Wikipedia
 * World Chess Championship 1993 from Wikipedia
 * Classical World Chess Championship 1995 from Wikipedia
 * Classical World Chess Championship 2000 from Wikipedia

Machine Matches

 * Challenging the World Champion | Mastering the Game], The Computer History Museum
 * Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov from Wikipedia
 * Deep Blue versus Kasparov, 1996, Game 1
 * Deep Blue versus Kasparov, 1997, Game 6

Misc

 * Kasparov versus the World from Wikipedia

ChessBase

 * ChessBase is 25, ChessBase News, May 19, 2011
 * Kasparov on 25 Years of ChessBase, ChessBase News, June 8, 2011
 * Garry Kasparov on how it all started by Frederic Friedel, ChessBase News, December 24, 2017

=References= Up one level