Analog Evaluation

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Analog Evaluation, (Analogue Evaluation) a hypothetical dedicated special purpose hardware to evaluate a chess position using analog circuits such as resistive networks, operational amplifier (op-amps), and in particular the analogous FPGA counterparts FPAA, to map digital or discrete input signals, representing the board or aspects of the board, to an analog output representing an evaluation score along with some noise as input of an analog-to-digital converter. Jonathan Allen, Edward Hamilton, and Robert Levinson mentioned a method to convert a chess mobility graph to a resistive network which could be computed using the residual resistance property of interconnected chips within their Morph III project. Using memristors, memistors, or even a kind of motorized potentiometers as used in closed loop control and servomechanisms, would allow the implementation of physical neural networks as analog evaluation device with machine learning features.

=Summing Amplifier= A summing amplifier using an operational amplifier with feedback resistor R f sums several (weighted by input resistors  1..n) voltages to an negated output ... ... and may be used to implement a classical evaluation function as linear combination of independent features (F) and associated weights (W): =See also=
 * Arduino
 * Evaluation
 * FPGA
 * Neural Networks
 * Pattern Recognition
 * PIC Microcontroller
 * Tapered Eval

=Publications=
 * Michael Gherrity (1989). A Learning Algorithm for Analog, Fully Recurrent Neural Networks. IEEE IJCNN 1989
 * Jonathan Allen, Edward Hamilton, Robert Levinson (1997). New Advances in Adaptive Pattern-Oriented Chess. Advances in Computer Chess 8
 * Amir Yazdanbakhsh, Renée St. Amant, Bradley Thwaites, Jongse Park, Hadi Esmaeilzadeh, Arjang Hassibi, Luis Ceze, Doug Burger (2014). Toward General-Purpose Code Acceleration with Analog Computation. ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News - ISCA '14, Vol. 42, No. 3, pdf
 * George Rajna (2016). Neuro-Inspired Analog Computer. viXra:1610.0110
 * Alexantrou Serb, Edoardo Manino, Ioannis Messaris, Long Tran-Thanh, Themis Prodromakis (2017). Hardware-level Bayesian inference. NIPS 2017

=Forum Posts=
 * Discussion of Special Purpose hardware for chess search by Rick Fadden, CCC, April 25, 2008
 * Re: Discussion of Special Purpose hardware for chess search by Gerd Isenberg, CCC, April 25, 2008


 * How can you create an analog sigmoid voltage transfer function (from simple parts)?, AskElektonics, Reddit, March 24, 2014

=External Links=
 * Analog computer from Wikipedia
 * Analogue electronics from Wikipedia
 * Analog-to-digital converter from Wikipedia
 * Digital-to-analog converter from Wikipedia
 * Field-programmable analog array from Wikipedia
 * Field-Programmable Analog Array
 * Neuromorphic engineering from Wikipedia
 * Operational amplifier from Wikipedia
 * Operational amplifier applications from Wikipedia
 * Operational Amplifiers from Basic Electronics Tutorials and Revision by AspenCore, Inc
 * Summing Amplifier is an Op-amp Voltage Adder
 * Operational Amplifier Summary, Op-amp basics


 * Physical neural network from Wikipedia
 * SciDAC Review - HARDWARE: Cortical Computing with Memristive Nanodevices
 * Achim Zepezauer - Rätsel, YouTube Video

=References=

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