CDC 6600

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The CDC 6600 was a mainframe computer manufactured by Control Data Corporation, designed by Seymour Cray, and flagship of the CDC 6000 series, first delivered in 1964. It is generally considered to be the first successful supercomputer, outperforming its fastest predecessor, IBM 7030 Stretch, by about three times. Its circuits were cooled by extensive chilled water plumbing. It remained the world's fastest computer from 1964 to 1969, when it relinquished that status to its successor, the CDC 7600

=CDC 6400= The CDC 6400 was architecturally compatible with the CDC 6600. In contrast to the 6600, which had 10 parallel functional units which could work on multiple instructions at the same time, the 6400 had a unified arithmetic unit, which could only work on a single instruction at a time. This resulted in a slower, lower-performance CPU, but one that cost significantly less.

=Architecture= The 6600 can be considered as first RISC architecture. The central processor had 60-bit words, the peripheral processors had 12-bit words. CDC used the term byte to refer to 12-bit entities used by peripheral processors - characters were 6-bit, and central processor instructions were either 15 bits, or 30 bits with a signed 18-bit address field, the latter allowing for a directly addressable memory space of 128K words of central memory (converted to modern terms, with 8-bit bytes, this is 0.94 MiB). It had eight general purpose 60-bit registers X0 through X7, eight 18-bit address registers A0 through A7, and eight 18-bit scratchpad registers B0 through B7. B0 was held permanently at zero by the hardware; many programmers found it useful to set B1 to 1 and then treat it as similarly inviolate. The signed nature of the address registers limited an individual program to 128K words. =Population Count= The NSA had demanded the implementation of the population count opcode for cryptanalysis and cryptography purpose, which was implemented by using the hardware of the divide unit.

=Chess Programs= Several early chess programs ran on the CDC 6600, notably Chess 4.0 and Beal during the WCCC 1974
 * Beal
 * Chess
 * Chess 0.5
 * Dark Horse
 * Merlin
 * Mr. Turk

=See also=
 * CDC Cyber
 * Cray-1

=Forum Posts=
 * Sideways Add / Population Count by Jitze Couperus, Steve Bellovin and Axel H. Horns, cryptography@c2.net, January 28, 1999 » Population Count
 * A brief history of the popcnt instruction by Steven Edwards, CCC, March 22, 2011

=External Links=
 * CDC 6600 from Wikipedia
 * Talk:CDC 6600 from Wikipedia


 * CDC 6000 series from Wikipedia
 * CDC 6400 from Wikipedia
 * Welcome To The Bayview Club
 * CDC 6600 from The Computer History Museum
 * Museum Waalsdorp: Computer history - Control Data 6000 series
 * Control Data 6600 by Don P. Mitchell
 * Control Data Corporation, CDC-6600 & 7600 by Ed Thelen
 * Starring the Computer - CDC 6600

=References=

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