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In the 1970s and 1980s RAM was expensive and Home Computers used custom graphics chips to operate directly on registers/memory without a dedicated frame buffer resp. texture buffer, like [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_Interface_Adaptor TIA]in the [[Atari 8-bit|Atari VCS]] gaming system, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTIA_and_GTIA GTIA]+[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANTIC ANTIC] in the [[Atari 8-bit|Atari 400/800]] series, or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_Chip_Set#Denise Denise]+[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_Chip_Set#Agnus Agnus] in the [[Amiga|Commodore Amiga]] series. The 1990s would make 3D graphics and 3D modeling more popular, especially for video games. Cards specifically designed to accelerate 3D math, such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voodoo2 3dfx Voodoo2], were used by the video game community to play 3D graphics. Some game engines could use instead the [[SIMD and SWAR Techniques|SIMD-capabilities]] of CPUs such as the [[Intel]] [[MMX]] instruction set or [[AMD|AMD's]] [[X86#3DNow!|3DNow!]] for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_computer_graphics real-time rendering]. Sony's 3D capable chip used in the PlayStation (1994) and Nvidia's 2D/3D combi chips like NV1 (1995) coined the term GPU for 3D graphics hardware acceleration. With the advent of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_shader_model unified shader architecture], like in Nvidia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(microarchitecture) Tesla] (2006), ATI/AMD [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeraScale_(microarchitecture) TeraScale] (2007) or Intel [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA#GMA_X3000 GMA X3000] (2006), GPGPU frameworks like [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CUDA CUDA] and [[OpenCL|OpenCL]] emerged and gained in popularity.